Antimicrobial Effects of Plant Compounds against Virulent <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 Strains Containing Shiga Toxin Genes in Laboratory Media and on Romaine Lettuce and Spinach

Escherichia coli strains produce Shiga-toxins Stx-1 and Stx-2 that contribute to their virulence. The objective was to evaluate antimicrobial activities of plant essential oils (oregano, cinnamon, lemongrass), their active components (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral) and plant-extracts (green tea polyphenols, apple skin, black tea, decaffeinated black tea, grapeseed and pomace extracts) against E. coli O157:H7 strains containing Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes, as determined by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, in vitro and on leafy greens. Antimicrobials at various concentrations in sterile PBS were added to bacterial cultures (~3 - 4 logs CFU/ml), mixed thoroughly, and incubated at 37°C. Surviving bacteria were enumerated at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 24 h. The most effective essential oil (oregano oil;0.5%) and plant extract (green tea;3%) were evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce and spinach stored at 4°C for 7 days. Microbial survival was a function of the concentration of antimicrobials and incubation times. All antimicrobials reduced bacterial population to below detection levels in vitro;however, essential oils and active components exhibited greater activity than plant extracts. Oregano oil and green tea reduced E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce and spinach to below detection. Plant-based antimicrobials have the potential to protect foods against E. coli O157:

Gene therapy for human colorectal carcinoma using human CEA promoter controlled bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxin genes:PEA and DTA gene transfer

AIM To establish a tissue-specific gene therapy for colorectal carcinoma using bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxin genes.METHODS Pseudomonas exotoxin A domain Ⅱ+Ⅲ (PEA) was cloned from genomic DNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PEA and diphtheria toxin A chain gene (DTA) were modified to express eukaryotically. After sequencing, the toxin genes under the control of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter were cloned into retroviral vectors to construct CEAPEA and CEADTA respectively. In vitro cotransfection of the constructs with luciferase vectors and in vivo gene transfer in nude mice were subsequently carried out.RESULTS Both CEAPEA and CEADTA specifically inhibited the reporter gene expression in the CEA positive human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells in vitro. Direct injection of CEAPEA and CEADTA constructs into the established human tumors in BALB/c nude mice led to significant and selective reductions in CRC tumor size as compared with that in control groups.CONCLUSION The toxin genes, working as therapeutic genes, are suitable for the tissue-specific gene therapy for colorectal carcinoma.

Establishment and Application of a Real-time PCR Method for Detecting stx2 Gene in Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a real-time PCR method for de- tecting stx2 gene in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli （STEC）. [Method] According to the known STEC stx2 gene sequences published in GenBank, PCR primers and probes were designed based on the conserved region to construct recombinant plasmid as a positive template, thus optimizing the reaction conditions and establishing the real- time PCR method. [Result] A standard curve was established based on the opti- mized real-time PCR system, indicting a good linear correlation between the initial template concentration and Ct value, with the correlation coefficient F^e of above 0.995. The established method had a good specificity, without non-specific amplifica- tion for 10 non-STEC intestinal bacterial strains; the detection limit of initial template was 1.0x102 copies/μI, indicating a high sensitivity; furthermore, the coefficients of variation within and among batches were lower than 1% and 5% respectively, sug- gesting a good repeatability. [Conclusion] In this study, a real-time PCR method was successfully established for detecting STEC stx2 gene, which provided technical means for rapid detection of STEC in samples.

Isolation and identification of a marine killer yeast strain YF07b and cloning of the gene encoding killer toxin from the yeast

It was found that the marine yeast strain YF07b could secrete a large amount of killer toxin against a pathogenic yeast strain WCY which could cause milky disease in Portunus trituberculcttus. The marine yeast strain YF07b was identified to be Pichia anomala according to the results of routine yeast identification and 18S rDNA and ITS sequences. The gene encoding killer toxin in the marine yeast strain YF07b was amplified by PCR technology. After sequencing, the results show that an open reading frame, consisting of 1 281 bp, encoded a presumed protein of 427 amino acids. The sequence of the cloned gene was found to have 99% match with that of the gene encoding killer toxin in Pichia anomalas strain K. A signal peptide including 17 amino acids appeared in the N-terminal domain of the killer toxin. Therefore, the mature protein consisted of 410 amino acids, its molecular mass was estimated to be 47.4 ku and its isoelctronic point was 4.5.

LOCATION OF 43 kD MOSQUITO-LARVICIDAL TOXIN GENE OF HIGHLY TOXIC Bacillus sphaericus 10

The direct evidence of the location of the mosquito-larvicidal gene of Bacillus sphaericus10 (isolated from Jiangsu Province of China) on megaplasmid pFW1 was given by molecularcloning. The clone (pFL109) containing the 1.4 kb HindⅢ DNA fragment from pFW1expressed the mosquito-larvicidal toxin protein (43 kD). The location of the gene codingfor the 43 kD toxin protein within the Xhol B fragment on the restriction map of pFW1 wasconfirmed by Southern blotting using the 1.4 kb HindⅢ DNA fragment as a probe. The non-toxic strains of Bacillus sphaericus were revealed to be 43 kD toxin gene dele-tion mutants by Southern and Western analyses. The 1.4 kb HindⅢ fragment of pFL109 can be used as a probe for differentiating thenon-toxic strains of Bacillus sphaericus from the toxic ones.

Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a Delivery System for the dtb Gene Antigen from Diphtheria Toxin

Diphtheria is a fulminant bacterial disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae whose local and systemic manifestations are due to the action of the diphtheria toxin (DT). The vaccine which is used to prevent diphtheria worldwide is a toxoid obtained by detoxifying DT. Although associated with high efficacy in the prevention of disease, the current anti-diphtheria vaccine, one of the components of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis triple vaccine), may present post vaccination effects such as toxicity and reactogenicity resulting from the presence of contaminants in the vaccine that originated during the process of production and/or detoxification. Therefore, strategies to develop a less toxic and at the same time economically viable vaccine alternatives are needed to improve existing vaccines in use worldwide. In this study, the Moreau substrain of BCG which is used in Brazil as a live vaccine against human tuberculosis was genetically modified to carry and express the gene encoding for the diphtheria toxin fragment B (DTB). As such, the DNA sequence encoding the dtb gene was cloned into the pUS977 shuttle vector for cytoplasmic expression and successfully introduced into BCG cells by electroporation. Mice immunized with recombinant BCG expressing DTB showed seroconversion with the detection of specific antibodies against DTB. Also, rBCGs stably expressing DTB persisted up to 60 days in the absence of selective pressure in mice and cell viability did not change significantly during the period tested. Finally, immune sera from BALB/c mice vaccinated with rBCGpUS977dtbPW8 were preliminarily tested for their capacity of neutralizing the diphtheria toxin in the Vero Cells assay.

基于多交叉置换扩增和纳米生物传感技术快速检测肺炎支原体方法的建立

目的建立一种简单、灵敏、快速的肺炎支原体(MP)检测方法,并对其应用性进行验证和评价。方法利用多交叉置换扩增(MCDA)技术对肺炎支原体特异基因CARDS毒素基因进行扩增,利用侧流免疫层析生物传感(LFB)技术读取扩增结果,命名该方法为MP-MCDA-LFB。分析扩增反应在60~67℃(间隔1℃)的扩增效率,筛选最适反应温度;分析分别扩增10、20、30、40 min时能够检测到的最低核酸浓度,筛选最佳反应时间。利用10倍系列稀释的肺炎支原体核酸分析MP-MCDA-LFB方法的灵敏度和检测限,利用35株非肺炎支原体菌株分析MP-MCDA-LFB方法的特异性。利用MP-MCDA-LFB方法检测80份疑似MP感染的临床样本,并与RT-PCR法检测结果进行比较,分析MP-MCDA-LFB方法的临床应用性。结果MP-MCDA-LFB能够实现对肺炎支原体CARDS毒素基因的快速检测。其最佳反应温度为63℃,最短反应时间为40 min,整个检测过程可在1 h内。MP-MCDA-LFB方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,其检测限低至45 ng/L,与其他临床表现相似的病原体无交叉反应,特异性为100%。MP-MCDA-LFB方法从80份临床样本中检出45份阳性样本(56.3%),检出率与RT-PCR方法一致。结论本研究建立的以CARDS毒素基因为靶标的MP-MCDA-LFB检测方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高、特异性强的优点,在基层医疗机构和现场检测具有较好的应用潜力。

Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (7/6.5%) sec (6/5.5%), and sea (5/4.6%) for staphylococcal enterotoxins, seln (14/12.9%), selq (8/7.4%), for enterotoxin-like toxin gene and eta (3/2.7%) for exfoliative toxin genes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus strains isolated from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Monitoring toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus is invaluable for better prevention of food poisoning.

肉鸡源产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

【目的】对江苏某大型白羽肉鸡场疑似产气荚膜梭菌感染造成大规模死亡的病例进行确诊。【方法】无菌采集病死鸡肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及肠道等病变组织,通过厌氧培养进行细菌分离和纯化,革兰染色镜检对分离菌株进行初步鉴定,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析确定属和演化关系,通过PCR扩增毒素基因确定分离株毒素型,通过动物致病性试验和药敏试验,确定其致病性和耐药表型并检测耐药基因。【结果】从4只病死鸡不同脏器中分离到了9株疑似菌,分离菌在产气荚膜梭菌鉴定培养基上呈黑色,16S rRNA分析得出9株分离菌与产气荚膜梭菌相似性最高可达99.60%。16S rRNA基因系统进化树显示,4株分离株与巴基斯坦鸡源产气荚膜梭菌(GenBank登录号:MN365136.1)具有较近的亲缘性,5株分离株与南非鸡源产气荚膜梭菌(GenBank登录号:OR494055)具有较近的亲缘性。毒素分型结果显示,5株为A型,2株为F型,2株为E型。致病性试验结果显示,小鼠全部死亡,表明该菌具有致死性。药敏试验结果显示,9株分离株均对头孢类抗生素敏感,耐药基因分析表明大环内酯类erm(B)(77.8%)和四环素类tetA(P)(55.6%)、tetB(P)(66.7%)为主要耐药基因。【结论】本研究从同一只病死鸡中分离到不同毒素型产气荚膜梭菌,且分离菌耐药情况较严重。研究结果为兽医临床鸡产气荚膜梭菌病防治提供了新的思路。

产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因数字PCR方法的建立及其在标准物质研制方面的应用

产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)是一种重要的人兽共患病原菌,α-毒素是其分子生物学检测的主要靶标。试验选取Clper引物及探针建立微滴式数字PCR(droplet digtial PCR,ddPCR)方法,最佳引物浓度0.85μmol/L,探针浓度为0.3μmol/L,退火温度为60℃。利用建立的ddPCR方法检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、弯曲杆菌的DNA,结果均为阴性,表明该方法具有较好的特异性。合成产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因,制成DNA标准品,选取3个稀释梯度的标准品进行重复试验,组内和组间变异系数均小于5%,证明该方法具有较好的重复性。采用7个稀释梯度的标准品进行重复检测,计算出该方法的检测限为12.39 copies/μL,定量限为33.97 copies/μL。通过对68份临床样品进行检测,证实该方法可用于临床,且用于检测质粒DNA时无明显的基质效应。应用ddPCR方法对标准品进行均匀性和稳定性检验,并联合9家实验室进行定值,最终获得了国家市场监督管理总局颁发的标准物质证书(GBW(E)091237)。α-毒素基因ddPCR方法的建立和DNA标准物的研制,为产气荚膜梭菌分子生物学检测试剂的标准化奠定了基础。

市售肉品产志贺毒素大肠杆菌污染情况与耐药性分析——以泰安市为例

产志贺毒素大肠杆菌(STEC)是一类产生一种或一种以上志贺毒素的具有强致病能力的食源性病原菌,现已是威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题之一。本文以山东省泰安市为调查点,对商超和农贸市场零售肉中产志贺毒素大肠杆菌(STEC)的污染情况进行调研,170份零售肉样品中9份样品检出STEC阳性,检出率为5.3%;其中商超和农贸市场的检出率分别为3.1%和6.7%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)研究24株STEC分离菌株的血清型、毒力基因的携带情况。24株STEC中12株确定O血清型,分别为O26(10株)和O45(2株)。主要携带的毒力基因为stx1,hlyA(62.5%,15/24)和stx2(37.5%,9/24)基因,eaeA基因未检出。通过纸片扩散法对24株产志贺毒素大肠杆菌菌株进行耐药性检测,分离株对麦迪霉素的耐药率最高91.7%,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林的耐药率均为37.5%,对头孢西丁和多粘菌素敏感。综上所述,泰安市零售畜禽肉品中存在STEC不同程度的污染,其中猪肉、牛肉引起食源性疾病风险较大。本研究为相关部门加强市售肉品中STEC的监控提供一定的指导。

艰难梭菌的感染特征及其危险因素:基于中南地区某市住院腹泻患者的标本

目的调查并分析中南地区某市住院腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染情况及相关危险因素。方法收集2020年10~12月湘南学院附属医院、附属第一医院和附属第三医院的住院腹泻患者粪便标本共306例,厌氧培养法分离艰难梭菌菌株,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测A、B毒素基因tcdA、tcdB及二元毒素基因cdtA、cdtB;16S rDNA确定无杂菌携带的艰难梭菌菌株,进行多位点序列分型(MLST);使用Etest条进行耐药性检测;以是否感染艰难梭菌为分组依据,比较分析住院腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染的危险因素。结果住院腹泻患者产毒艰难梭菌感染率为8.17%(25/306),毒素基因均为tcdA+tcdB+,未检出二元毒素;分离出无杂菌携带艰难梭菌7株,5种ST型,分别为ST543株,ST129、ST98、ST53和ST631各1株,均位于clade1群;所有菌株对甲硝唑和万古霉素敏感。半年内住院史(OR=3.675,95%CI:1.405~9.612)、PPI用药史(OR=7.107,95%CI:2.575~19.613)、近1个月抗生素使用≥1周(OR=7.306,95%CI:2.274~23.472)、非甾体类抗炎药用药史(OR=4.754,95%CI:1.504~15.031)、患胃肠疾病(OR=5.050,95%CI:1.826~13.968)是腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染的危险因素。结论目前该市住院腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染率水平不高,感染毒素类型为A+B+,基因型以clade1群和ST54型为主,对甲硝唑和万古霉素敏感。建议临床重视对有艰难梭菌感染危险因素暴露史的患者加强预防,减少艰难梭菌院内感染。

南疆规模化养殖场羊产气荚膜梭菌的病原检测及分离鉴定

研究旨在了解南疆地区规模化羊场羊梭菌病的流行情况,无菌采集南疆巴州、阿克苏、和田等3个地区9个规模化羊场粪便和青贮饲料样品共421份,并采集3起疑似梭菌病病死羊组织样品6份,通过细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色,挑取纯化后的单菌落进行生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因鉴定、细菌分型和药敏试验。结果显示:427份样品中共分离出71株产气荚膜梭菌,总分离率为16.63%。其中119份青贮饲料样品中有25份阳性,检出率为21.01%(25/119);302份羊粪便样品中有40份阳性,检出率为13.24%(40/302);6份临床样品均显示阳性,检出率100.00%。对71株产气荚膜梭菌进行细菌分型鉴定,其中A型产气荚膜梭菌有57株,D型产气荚膜梭菌有4株,F型产气荚膜梭菌10株。药敏试验结果显示,分离株对临床常用药物青霉素等高度敏感,对磺胺异恶唑、多西环素、四环素、庆大霉素和黏菌素B耐药。研究表明,南疆地区规模化羊场产气荚膜梭菌的感染风险较高,需要在饲养管理上引起足够重视。

2株公园湖水源非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的分离鉴定和致病性分析

近年来,非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌(NOVC)引起人和动物感染时有报道。本试验于2021年3月—2022年4月连续采集圆明园遗址公园湖水样本进行细菌分离培养,经16S rRNA序列分析和溶血性检测对分离株进行鉴定,并通过细胞毒性试验和小鼠感染试验对分离株的致病性进行检测;采用PCR方法对分离株的毒力相关基因ctxA、ctxB、tcpA、hlyA、rtxA、rtxC和chxA进行检测;通过系统发育进化分析对分离株的chxA基因全长进行分析;通过药敏试验对分离株的药物敏感性进行检测。结果显示,共分离鉴定出2株NOVC,NOVC分离株在血琼脂培养基上生长呈现明显的溶血现象;经过滤除菌的细菌培养液上清有溶细胞作用,对体外培养的Vero细胞具有极强的毒性作用,可引起细胞萎缩和脱落;分离株培养物和培养液上清经腹腔注射均可致死小鼠,对小鼠的半数致死量(LD_(50))为10^(7.23)CFU。PCR检测结果显示,分离株hlyA、rtxA、rtxC和chxA基因呈阳性,提示细菌的致病性可能与毒力因子的表达相关。对chxA基因的全长分析结果显示,2株分离株均可编码II型ChxA毒素,其催化域与I型毒素高度同源,但在相应区域缺失1段5个氨基酸片段(^(619)AIAKE^(623))。药敏试验结果显示,2株分离株均对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和阿米卡星敏感,均对复方新诺明耐药。结果表明,公园水源性NOVC分离株携带多种毒力相关基因,产生溶血素等溶细胞毒素,可致死小鼠,对抗菌药呈多重耐药,对水生动物和环境的公共卫生具有潜在的威胁。

长枝木霉代谢物对极细链格孢产毒抑制机制解析

【目的】明确长枝木霉(SC5)代谢粗提物对极细链格孢(ABL2)产毒抑制机制。【方法】以富士苹果的叶片为供试材料,通过生长速率法、LC-MS和RT-qPCR技术测定了SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌落生长、6种非寄主选择性毒素产生及产毒相关基因表达的抑制作用。【结果】质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL^(-1)的SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌落生长和致病力具有显著的抑制作用,第6天时抑制率分别为38.08%和76.96%;同时,0.5 mg·mL^(-1) SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌株产生的非寄主选择性毒素TEN、ALT和TeA均具有显著抑制作用,其中处理2d后对毒素的抑制作用最显著,其含量分别降低69.39%、98.51%和48.99%,并且其合成相关基因TES、TES(1)、PksA和PksJ的表达量显著下调,分别降低89.02%、98.20%、46.49%和40.13%,但是对ABL2菌株非寄主选择性毒素ATX-I含量和参与编码其合成的PksF基因表达量具有提升作用。【结论】质量浓度为0.5mg·mL^(-1)的SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌株生长和致病力具有抑制作用,可能通过调控ABL2菌株TES、TES(1)、PksA和PksJ基因下调表达,进而降低TEN、ALT和TeA的毒素的产生量及致病力。

骨髓增生异常综合征中医证型与遗传学及预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者中医证型与分子生物学、细胞遗传学及预后的相关性。方法:采用非参数秩和检验或卡方检验的统计学方法,回顾性分析85例初诊MDS患者的中医证型、外周血指标、疾病分型、分子生物学情况、细胞遗传学情况、预后情况,并探讨中医证型与其后几项之间的相关性。结果:85例MDS患者的中医证型以气阴两虚、毒瘀阻滞证为主,其次为脾肾两虚、毒瘀阻滞证和邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证。邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证患者的中性粒细胞绝对值(ANC)水平显著低于脾肾两虚、毒瘀阻滞证患者(P<0.01),气阴两虚、毒瘀阻滞证患者的血红蛋白(HGB)水平显著低于脾肾两虚、毒瘀阻滞证患者(P<0.001)。3组证型间疾病分型分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证患者的疾病分型全为原始细胞增多型(EB型)。3组证型间转录调节因子1(ASXL1)基因突变率、染色质重塑和转录调控基因功能组突变率、3种预后系统积分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证组转录调控基因功能组突变率和3种预后系统积分均高于其他两组(P<0.05)。在3个预后积分系统的较高危组中,邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证患者占比均高于其他两种证型。结论:MDS病机以虚为本,临床患者以虚实夹杂证多见;邪热炽盛、毒瘀阻滞证预后较差,推测其机制可能与ASXL1基因突变、7号染色体的完全丢失和其长臂的部分缺失(-7/7q-)等遗传学情况相关。

复方苦参注射液联合甲磺酸奥希替尼片治疗表皮生长因子受体基因突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的:观察复方苦参注射液联合甲磺酸奥希替尼片治疗痰湿毒蕴型表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析80例痰湿毒蕴型EGFR基因突变型晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分成观察组和对照组各40例,观察组采用复方苦参注射液联合甲磺酸奥希替尼片治疗,对照组单纯采用甲磺酸奥希替尼片治疗。2组均以治疗6周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。治疗前后评价Karnofsky功能状态评分(KPS评分),比较2组的临床疗效、不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组疾病控制率高于对照组(P<0.05);2组客观缓解率、不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组KPS评分高于治疗前(P<0.05);对照组KPS评分高于治疗前,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组KPS评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用复方苦参注射液联合甲磺酸奥希替尼片治疗痰湿毒蕴型EGFR基因突变型晚期NSCLC的患者,能够提高疗效,减少不良反应的发生,对患者的健康状况有明显的改善作用。

Purification and Structural Analysis of a Selective Toxin Fraction Produced by the Plant Pathogen Setosphaeria turcica

Thirteen fractions from the pathogenic plant fungus Setosphaeria turcica race 1 were separated and collected using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Their toxic activities were assayed through leaf puncturing on corn differentials （OH43, OH43Ht1, OH43Ht2, and OH43HtN）, and the results revealed that eight fractions were toxic and fraction 6 was specifically toxic to OH43Ht1, which could be taken as a gene-selective toxin fraction. Fraction 6 was finely purified via HPLC and condensed by freeze desiccation. Its chemical structure was analyzed with EI-MS, IR, HMBC, ^1H-NMR, and two-dimensional NMR. The results suggested that fraction 6 contained an unsaturated double bond, carbonyl and methylene groups with molecular weight of 142.

Secretory Expression of Recombinant Diphtheria ToxinMutants in B. Subtilis

Three diphtheria toxin (DT) mutants CRM-197, DT-del (148) and DT-El48S-K516A-F530A were cloned in B- Subtilis plasmid PSM604 under the subtilisin signal sequence. The expression was effective in both SMS300 and SMS118, but higher yield of 7. 1 mg/L was observed in SMS300 compared with 2. 1 mg/L in SMS118. Western blot showed that the recombinant protein could be effectively secreted into the culture medium as a 58 ku peptide, and could be de-graded into two peptides of 37ku and 21ku.

Effects of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout on axonal regeneration in a mouse model of facial nerve injury

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have shown that p75 neurotrophin receptor plays an important role in peripheral nerve injury. However, the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of p75 neurotrophin receptor on facial nerve regeneration. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled experiment was performed in the Regeneration Laboratory of Flinders University, Australia and the Biomedical Laboratory of Dentistry School, Shandong University from March 2005 to February 2006. MATERIALS： Cholera toxin B subunit, fast blue, and biotin rabbit-anti goat IgG were provided by Sigma, USA; goat-anti choleratoxin B subunit ant/body was provided by List Biologicals, USA. METHODS： In p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout and wild type 129/sv mice, the facial nerves on one side were crushed. At days 2 and 4 following injury, regenerating motor neurons in the facial nuclei were labeled by fast blue, and the regenerating axon was labeled by the anterograde tracer choleratoxin B subunit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Axonal regenerative velocity and number were detected by immunohistochemical staining of choleratoxin B subunit, growth-associated protein, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide; survival of motor neurons in the facial nuclei was detected by retrograde fast blue. RESULTS： Axonal growth in the facial nerve of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice. At day 7 after injury, the number of regenerating motor neurons in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice remained significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.05）. The number of positively stained fibers for growth-associated protein-43, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： p75 neurotrophin receptor promoted axonal regeneration and enhanced the survival rate of motor neurons following facial nerve injury.