A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of whi...A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of which was a control station, and a total of nine heavy metals were analyzed. In the sediment samples, concentrations of iron (Fe: 57.972 ±1.226 −116.250 ±0.554 μg⋅g−1 DW), copper (Cu: 5.790 ±0.250 −14.770 ±0.270 μg⋅g−1 DW), cadmium (Cd: 0.070 ±0.016 −0.232 ±0.005 μg⋅g−1 DW), lead (Pb: 55.100 ±0.540 −4.652 ±0.066 μg⋅g−1 DW), chrome (Cr: 9.232 ±0.046 −28.640 ±0.377 μg⋅g−1 DW), zinc (Zn: 4.592 ±?0.300 −54.322 ±0.437 μg⋅g−1 DW), arsenic (As: 2.702 ±0.233 −6.332 ±0.186 μg⋅g−1 DW), manganese (Mn: 21.175 ±0.374 −41.465 ±0.410 μg⋅g−1 DW), nickel (Ni: 9.272 ±0.042 −54.230 ±0.158 μg⋅g−1 DW), total phosphorus (TP: 0.160 ±0.003 −0.250 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), total nitrogen (TN: 0.111 ±0.001 −0.161 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), organic matter (OM: 0.767 ±0.010 −1.750 ±0,009 μg⋅g−1 DW), total organic carbon (TOC: 1.450 ±0.001 −4.407 <span展开更多
The spaces must be designed in accordance with certain design principles for people to feel comfortable.In accordance with that,building ventilation is particularly important during hot periods to ensure thermal comfo...The spaces must be designed in accordance with certain design principles for people to feel comfortable.In accordance with that,building ventilation is particularly important during hot periods to ensure thermal comfort.In this study,the effect of ventilation realized using a wind tower on the thermal quality of a classroom was investigated.In the study,two popular models(unidirectional and multidirectional wind tower)were studied,and the model that provided more ergonomic ventilation to sitting users based on climate conditions of the province of Trabzon(Turkey)during the month of August was determined.The more efficient model was studied further.Some dimensional changes in width,height,and shelf height were applied to it to find a model that provided more comfort for the used thermal conditions.The models were modelled and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT.Velocity distributions were generated to ease the interpretation of the results.With the calculated average wind speeds in different regions in the classroom,the thermal sensation in the space was evaluated.Furthermore,the thermal perception of users of the retained model was evaluated by entering thermal comfort parameter values calculated for the relevant region into the CBE thermal comfort tool available online.The change in the dimensional features of the wind tower had an impact on wind tower performance.Ventilation provided by wind towers under the thermal conditions of Trabzon in August often caused thermal discomfort.展开更多
Economic development, industrialization and dense population in Trabzon City have caused residential construction to increase by 300% in the last decade. The settlement area is moun- tainous and covered with heavy veg...Economic development, industrialization and dense population in Trabzon City have caused residential construction to increase by 300% in the last decade. The settlement area is moun- tainous and covered with heavy vegetation. Thus, the steep-sided topography and heavy precipita- tion means floods and landslides are common and in areas with little flat land. Since the mass movements in some parts of city create an enormous danger for buildings, site selection for residen- tial areas becomes increasingly important. This paper describes geotechnical and seismic properties of Tertiary volcanic rock and establishes the link between these units and construction. In this study, refraction tomography and multichannel analysis surface wave methods were applied in order to seek the best construction site in the residential area. The results of the geophysical study were com- pared with the borehole applications. A series of geomechnical tests were carried out on the core samples. Following that, statistical correlations were conducted by regression analysis to evaluate re- lationships between measured parameters. Rock Quality Designation and weathering degree were also determined. The methodology defined in this investigation proves to be an appropriate ap- proach to determine geotechnical properties of the foundation rocks and soils and a proper guide on future geotechnical studies for other cities.展开更多
文摘A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of which was a control station, and a total of nine heavy metals were analyzed. In the sediment samples, concentrations of iron (Fe: 57.972 ±1.226 −116.250 ±0.554 μg⋅g−1 DW), copper (Cu: 5.790 ±0.250 −14.770 ±0.270 μg⋅g−1 DW), cadmium (Cd: 0.070 ±0.016 −0.232 ±0.005 μg⋅g−1 DW), lead (Pb: 55.100 ±0.540 −4.652 ±0.066 μg⋅g−1 DW), chrome (Cr: 9.232 ±0.046 −28.640 ±0.377 μg⋅g−1 DW), zinc (Zn: 4.592 ±?0.300 −54.322 ±0.437 μg⋅g−1 DW), arsenic (As: 2.702 ±0.233 −6.332 ±0.186 μg⋅g−1 DW), manganese (Mn: 21.175 ±0.374 −41.465 ±0.410 μg⋅g−1 DW), nickel (Ni: 9.272 ±0.042 −54.230 ±0.158 μg⋅g−1 DW), total phosphorus (TP: 0.160 ±0.003 −0.250 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), total nitrogen (TN: 0.111 ±0.001 −0.161 ±0.001 μg⋅g−1 DW), organic matter (OM: 0.767 ±0.010 −1.750 ±0,009 μg⋅g−1 DW), total organic carbon (TOC: 1.450 ±0.001 −4.407 <span
文摘The spaces must be designed in accordance with certain design principles for people to feel comfortable.In accordance with that,building ventilation is particularly important during hot periods to ensure thermal comfort.In this study,the effect of ventilation realized using a wind tower on the thermal quality of a classroom was investigated.In the study,two popular models(unidirectional and multidirectional wind tower)were studied,and the model that provided more ergonomic ventilation to sitting users based on climate conditions of the province of Trabzon(Turkey)during the month of August was determined.The more efficient model was studied further.Some dimensional changes in width,height,and shelf height were applied to it to find a model that provided more comfort for the used thermal conditions.The models were modelled and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT.Velocity distributions were generated to ease the interpretation of the results.With the calculated average wind speeds in different regions in the classroom,the thermal sensation in the space was evaluated.Furthermore,the thermal perception of users of the retained model was evaluated by entering thermal comfort parameter values calculated for the relevant region into the CBE thermal comfort tool available online.The change in the dimensional features of the wind tower had an impact on wind tower performance.Ventilation provided by wind towers under the thermal conditions of Trabzon in August often caused thermal discomfort.
基金supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Funding (No. BTAP-695)
文摘Economic development, industrialization and dense population in Trabzon City have caused residential construction to increase by 300% in the last decade. The settlement area is moun- tainous and covered with heavy vegetation. Thus, the steep-sided topography and heavy precipita- tion means floods and landslides are common and in areas with little flat land. Since the mass movements in some parts of city create an enormous danger for buildings, site selection for residen- tial areas becomes increasingly important. This paper describes geotechnical and seismic properties of Tertiary volcanic rock and establishes the link between these units and construction. In this study, refraction tomography and multichannel analysis surface wave methods were applied in order to seek the best construction site in the residential area. The results of the geophysical study were com- pared with the borehole applications. A series of geomechnical tests were carried out on the core samples. Following that, statistical correlations were conducted by regression analysis to evaluate re- lationships between measured parameters. Rock Quality Designation and weathering degree were also determined. The methodology defined in this investigation proves to be an appropriate ap- proach to determine geotechnical properties of the foundation rocks and soils and a proper guide on future geotechnical studies for other cities.
