Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ. Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 at coastal region, Cape D′Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM 10 ) were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA) and Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor(E.F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E.F, these elements are related the crust and soil. The concentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the V or noncrustal V(V *) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regional oil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn */V * and Bi/Al indicate that both TSP and PM 10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn */V * are probably represent fossil combustion and Bi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimax rotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of trace elements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species, although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.

Modelling of the relationship between trace elements and three species of sulfur in coal

Based on the determination of several trace elements in coal particulate of different specific gravity, three variables regression equations relate the contents of trace elements Be, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, As and three species of sulfur in coal were well established. For elements Cd, Co, Pb, Cu and Ni, the regression equations were successfully used for prediction of these trace elements in individual part of coal with different specific gravity. Factor analysis was also used to analyze the data sets. The results showed that a three factor model can interpret the data sets reasonably. Trace elements Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, inorganic sulfide and total sulfur in coal are high correlated with the first factor. Trace elements Be, sulfate and organic sulfide are high correlated with the second factor and trace elements Cr and As are high correlated with the third factor. The factors can be interpreted by the chemical properties of these elements.

Modes of Occurrence and Cleaning Potential of Trace Elements in Coals from the Northern Ordos Basin and Shanxi Province, China

Based on the analyses of 43 elements in 16 samples of the raw coal and feed coal collected from the northern Ordos basin and Shanxi Province, the modes of occurrence of these elements were studied using the method of cluster analysis and factor analysis, and the cleaning potential of the hazardous elements relatively enriched in the coals was discussed by analyzing six samples of the cleaned coal from the coal-washing plants and coal cleaning simulation experiments. The results shows that the elements Br and Ba show a strong affinity to the organic matter, Cs, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg partly to the organic matter, and the other trace elements are mainly associated with the mineral matter. Cs, Mo, P, Pb, Zn and S have positive correlations with the two principal factors, reflecting the complexity of their modes of occurrence. Some elements that were thought to show a faint relationship (Be with S and Sb with carbonates) in other rocks are found to have a strong interrelation in the coals. Clay minerals (mainly kaolinite) dominate in the coals, and Ta, Th, Ti, Sc, REE, Hf, U, Se, W, V, Nb, Mo, Al, P, Cr, Pb and Zn are distributed mostly in kaolinite, while K, Rb, Cs, and Na have much to do with illite. Conventional cleaning can reduce the concentrations of most hazardous elements in various degrees. The hazardous elements S, As, Sb, Se, Mo, Pb, Cd and Hg relatively enriched in some coals from the area studied have a relatively high potential of environmental risks. However, by physical coal cleaning processes, more than 60% of As and Hg were removed, showing a high degree of removal, more than 30% of Sb, as well as S, Pb and Cd partly associated with the inorganic matter were removed. Se and Mo showing a relatively low degree of removal could be further removed by deep crushing of the coal during physical cleaning processes, and the concentrations of S, Pb, Cd and Hg with a partial association with the organic matter could be decreased in such ways as the coal blending. Cluster analysis together with factor analysis is a rapid and effective way to deduce the mode of occurrence of an element from bulk samples, and the removability data of most hazardous elements are basically consistent with their modes of occurrence suggested, which indicates that the statistical analysis could predict the cleaning potential of hazardous elements during the physical coal cleaning.

A study of the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer

IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content in soil was measured by catalytic polarography and rank correlation method was used to analyse correlation between the mean of soil available molybdenum and mortality rate of gastric cancer in each county and city in Jiangxi Province. Gastric cancer cases were selected from the authors′ hospital, occiput hair was collected to measure its molybdenum content with an atomic absorption spectrograph and controls were selected from the same hospital for comparison. Gastric cancer cases were selected from three hospitals at the same time, blood samples were taken on an empty stomach and serum molybdenum contents were measured with the atomic absorption spectrograph, and controls were selected from the same hospitals. Blind method was used in the whole course (chemical analysts did not know the source and nature of samples).RESULTS A negative correlation existed between soil available molybdenum content and mortality rate of gastric cancer (r=-0285, P<005); hair molybdenum contents of gastric cancer cases were lower than those of healthy controls (0308μg/g±0673μg/g and 0707μg/g±0561μg/g respectively, P<001); serum molybdenum contents of patients were also lower than those of healthy controls (2184μg/L±749μg/L and 2538μg/L±858μg/L respectively, P<005).CONCLUSION Deficiency of molybdenum may be one of the risk factors in gastric cancer.

滇西官房铜矿床微量元素R型因子分析及其地质意义研究

官房铜矿床位于我国著名的三江成矿带南澜沧江火山岩段北段,属云县-景谷(火山弧)铜多金属成矿带,是该区最具代表性的玄武岩铜矿床,储量达中型规模。对矿区内矿石的33种微量元素进行聚类分析与R型因子分析,结果显示:经过聚类分析,33种微量元素可分为基性岩元素组合、中低温矿化元素组合、中酸性岩相关元素及中高温矿化元素组合;R型因子分析得到F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)四类元素组合因子。其中,聚类分析与R型因子分析的元素分类结果基本一致,能够代表矿床的成矿过程,即成矿分为热液成矿期和中低温地下水热液改造期两个阶段,成矿流体主要来源于深部,成矿物质具有壳幔混合来源的特征,该矿床属于隐伏岩体及岩浆作用有明显成因联系的浅成中-低温热液矿床。

Ambient Air Particulate PM2.5 Concentrations and Identification of Source Categories at Chihuahua, Mexico

Suspended particles in the air are pollutants formed by diverse materials and sizes. As determined in multiple studies, particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 μrn also called breathable fraction is the one that penetrates the inferior respiratory system. The present study shows the results of a sampling campaign of particulate matter PM25 through 12 months at 3 sites： C33 （Clinic 33）, CIM （CIMAV） and A VA （Avalos） at Chihuahua, Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the temporary concentrations of PM25, the concentration of metallic elements： Al, As, Co, Cu, Sb, Se, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, as well as their possible sources. The three sites had the same trend in the time, where in autumn and winter the higher concentrations were found. The yearly averages on sites C33, CIM, and AVA were 9.91, 12.74 and 21.67 μg·m^-3, respectively, finding that AVA site overpasses the standard of 15 μg·m^-3. The application of factor analysis to the data allowed to identify four source categories： crustal, related with Al-Co-Fe-Mg-Mn, vehicular, related with： As-Cu-Sb-Se; mixed, related with： As-Cu-Sb-Se-Pb-Zn and industrial related with Ni-Pb.

血清Zn浓度对肝硬化失代偿期患者短期预后的预测价值

目的探讨血清微量元素Zn浓度对失代偿期肝硬化患者短期预后的预测价值。方法收集天津医科大学总医院消化内科收治住院的失代偿期肝硬化患者100例,原子吸收法检测血清Zn浓度,同时收集患者外周血如血小板、胆红素、肌酐、白蛋白、转氨酶等生化指标和一般资料,电话随访患者出院后180 d生存情况。采用X-tile软件计算评估短期预后的血清Zn浓度最适合阈值,在此基础上,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,Log-rank检验比较高Zn浓度和低Zn浓度组之间的生存率差异。多因素Cox回归分析确定180 d死亡的独立危险因素。结果X-tile软件计算得到区分失代偿期肝硬化患者180 d生存情况的最佳诊断阈值为0.5 mg/L,根据这一阈值,将患者划分为低Zn浓度组(Zn<0.5 mg/L)和高Zn浓度组(Zn≥0.5 mg/L),高Zn浓度组共77例患者,低Zn浓度组共23例患者,与高Zn浓度组相比其女性患者所占比例更高(78%vs.42%),Child评分C级患者所占比例更高(44%vs.5%),表现为更高的MELD评分(12 vs.10),更高的衰弱指数(0.22 vs.0.09)和更高的碱性磷酸酶(119 U/L vs.91.50 U/L),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示低Zn浓度组肝硬化患者的平均生存率低于高Zn浓度组(Log-rank检验,P<0.001)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析提示MELD评分(HR=1.152,95%CI:1.070~1.240,P<0.001)和Zn<0.5 mg/L(HR=3.393,95%CI 1.070~10.756,P=0.038)是180 d死亡的独立危险因素。结论血清Zn浓度(<0.5 mg/L)能够作为预测失代偿期肝硬化患者短期预后的独立危险因素。

植物类中药中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

尝试利用化学计量学方法探讨微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。对１０５味植物类中药４２种微量元素测定数据用因子分析和聚类分析进行了多因素分析。因子分析证实了一个１０因子模型能合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系；样本聚类分析证明了１０５味中药合理地聚类成不同组；显示了１０５味中药分类结果和中药四性理论为依据的自然分类的良好一致性，正确判断能力高达７８．１％，证明中药微量元素含量是决定中药四性的物质基础之一，揭示了微量元素含量和中药疗效之间存在的相关性。

不同产地红花中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

中药药效不仅与有机成分有关,而且与无机元素的种类与含量也有密切的关系.本文用ICP-MS法测定了不同产地红花中微量元素的含量,并用因子分析和聚类分析对测定结果进行分析比较,用于红花产地的归属判别.因子分析的结果表明总方差的71%的贡献来自第1个因子,所对应的Fe,Ni,V,Ca,Cr,Co,Sr,Cd,As,Se,Zn,Cu,P,Mo是红花的特征微量元素.聚类分析的结果表明当样本层次聚类分析聚成三类时,样本的类归属情况为新疆,山东,内蒙古,四川红花为一类,河南红花为一类,云南红花为一类.这说明不同产地来源的红花中微量元素的含量有差别,可以根据这种差别进行药材的归属.

不同产地枸杞微量元素的因子分析与聚类分析

[目的]为各地枸杞资源的开发利用奠定基础。[方法]用原子吸收光谱仪测定不同产地枸杞中微量元素的含量,并运用SPSS17.0中的因子分析和聚类分析方法对测定结果进行分析比较。[结果]因子分析结果表明,总方差的50%以上的贡献来自第1个和第2个因子,所对应Cr、Ca、Cu、Fe和Zn是枸杞的特征微量元素。聚类分析结果表明,样本的类归属情况为平罗、中宁、中卫枸杞为一类,青海格尔木枸杞为一类,内蒙古拉特前旗和山东枸杞为一类,河北廊坊枸杞为一类。[结论]宁夏枸杞与其他产地枸杞有明显不同,可以根据这种差别进行枸杞产地的归属判别。

中药方剂中微量元素与四性关系的研究

本文用化学计量学方法从整体上探讨微量元素含量与中药方剂的药性的相关性．对１１０首方剂中３３种微量元素测定数据，应用因子分析和聚类分析进行多变量分析．因子分析证实了一个十因子模型能合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系，样本聚类分析能把１１０首方剂聚类成不同组．１１０首方剂的数值分类结果与以组方药物定性和方剂功用定性有良好一致性，正确分类能力为６８．２％，从而揭示了方剂的温热、寒凉性质与微量元素的内在关系．

辽西排山楼金矿床微量元素地球化学特征及深部找矿预测研究

为解决危机矿山储量不足的问题,突破深部找矿瓶颈,对辽西排山楼金矿床深部的北东向矿体沿4条井下勘探线(0、6、12和16),从标高330米到175米7个开采中段采集271件样品,运用相关分析、R型聚类分析和因子分析的方法对每件样品20个微量元素进行了多元统计分析。结果表明,排山楼金矿床最佳前缘晕指示元素组合为As-Sb,近矿晕指示元素组合为Ag-Pb-As-Sb-Bi,矿上晕指示元素组合为Au±(Cu-Ag),尾晕指示元素组合为V-Mn-Co-Ti。通过对F1(尾晕)、F2(矿上晕)和F3(头晕)因子得分三维空间分布趋势图的研究,发现金矿体向南西深部侧伏,且延伸进入东西向矿带,表明东西向矿带深部也存在巨大找矿前景。在对已存两矿带正确划分的基础上,评价预测出第三矿带的存在,经勘探验证,预测矿带金矿石储量可观。

因子分析法在煤中痕量元素分布特征研究中的应用

因子分析法在煤中痕量元素分布特征研究中的应用陆晓华，徐涛，刘汉珍，曾汉才（华中理工大学化学系４３００７４）（华中理工大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室）关键词煤，痕量元素，因子分析在化学或环境化学等学科研究中，经常涉及到对多变量大样本集的复杂数据的分析，以获得...

清热解毒中药中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了7种清热解毒中药中7种微量元素的含量,并用因子分析方法进行分析.结果表明,因子模型能够合理地解释微量元素间相关关系及微量元素含量与中药疗效之间存在相关性,其因子得分可用于清热解毒药材的分类,这些研究有利于清热解毒类药材的开发利用.

程潮铁矿矿石微量元素因子分析

鄂东南程潮铁矿矿石微量元素R型因子分析结果表明,在程潮铁矿整个成矿过程中,首先经历了岩浆岩演化期的钠化和钾化阶段。在此阶段中,铁、铜等成矿物质初步富集,并伴随岩浆熔离作用进入到岩浆热液中。在含矿热液演化期又经历了早期的矽卡岩阶段,氧化物成矿阶段和硫化物成矿阶段。热液末期向碳酸盐阶段演化直至矿化作用结束,构成一个完整的岩浆热液成矿过程。

南沙海槽区表层沉积物的地球化学特征

对南沙海槽区 73个表层沉积物的地球化学及沉积环境特征进行了研究。微量元素主要有 Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr、Sr、Ba和 Zr,表现为亲陆性 ,常量组分为 Si O2 、Al2 O3、TFe、Ca O、Mg O、K2 O、Na2 O、Mn O、P2 O5 、Ti O2 ,表现为边缘海向深海过渡的沉积环境特点。沉积物质含有粘土组分、碳酸盐型生物碎屑组分、陆源碎屑非粘土组分以及火山碎屑、岛源物质 ,沉积环境与水深关系密切 ,在 2 0 0 m以浅 ,沉积物的供给复杂 ,沉积环境多变 ,在 2 0 0 m以深 ,沉积物的供给和沉积环境稳定。

梅兰春芝麻香酒的健康因子分析

对梅兰春芝麻香酒微量成分的检测结果进行了分析,并探讨其中的健康因子。结果表明,从梅兰春芝麻香酒酒样中检测到120种微量成分,微量成分种类多、含量高,其中很多是有益于健康的因子;梅兰春芝麻香酒中的亚油酸乙酯(ω-6脂肪酸乙酯)平均含量为27.75 mg/L,远高于其他白酒,该成分在人体内可水解产生必需脂肪酸亚油酸(ω-6脂肪酸),并进一步代谢为γ-亚麻酸(ω-3脂肪酸),具有预防心血管疾病和抗癌的作用;梅兰春芝麻香酒中含有较丰富的吡嗪类含氮化合物。其中重要的功能性成分四甲基吡嗪,在梅兰春芝麻香酒的含量约为0.71 mg/L,高于同类芝麻香型酒,该成分已经被证实具有抗氧化、抑制血小板聚集,抗血栓形成及抗癌的功效。因此,长期适量饮用梅兰春芝麻香酒有益于人体健康。

刘家峡水库表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征

采用多元统计的方法对刘家峡水库表层沉积物中25种微量元素的含量、相关性、来源及控制因素进行了分析。结果显示:研究区表层沉积物中Sr、Zn、Zr和Ba的含量平均值超过了170μg/g,Cd、Mo和Tl的含量平均值都在1μg/g以下,其它元素含量平均值则在2. 01~104. 34μg/g。元素Cu、V、Co、Cr、Ni、Rb、Li、Cd、Be、Pb、Sc、As、Ga、Nb、Sn、Cs、Tl、Th和Al2O3等存在较为明显的相关性,且它们分布规律基本相似。因子分析表明,水库中微量元素分为3个主要来源,第一组分的元素分布受控于矿物岩石的自然风化剥蚀,其贡献率为63. 20%;第二组分的Zr和Ba主要受河流沉积物中元素的迁移和转化的影响,其贡献率为12. 51%;第三组分的Sr则主要受控于生物成因,其贡献率为9. 76%。另外,研究区重金属元素中,Zn和As含量远超过了全球页岩平均值,值得进一步的深入研究。

鹤庆锰矿小天井矿区微量元素特征与沉积成矿环境研究

小天井矿区是鹤庆锰矿储量最大开采最早的矿区,通过对该矿区含锰岩系的60个样品进行微量及稀土元素测试,运用相关分析、因子分析等多元统计方法分析和探讨微量及稀土元素的地球化学特征与锰矿的沉积环境关系,确定Mo、U、V、Mn、Zn为该矿区重要成矿元素组合,这对本区地球化学找矿中判别地层与构造的含矿性、推断隐伏矿体寻找接替资源具有重要意义。对Co/Ni、Sr/Ba、Th/U的分析,认为锰矿层物源主要是陆源,推测沉积环境为陆缘近海环境,并对该区锰的沉积成矿环境进行了进一步探讨。