A clinical analysis of risk factor with lymph node metastatic recurrence in patients with N0 esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy

Objective To investigate the risk factors with lymph node metastatic recurrence in patients with N0 esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy. Methods The subjects were 82 patients with pN0 esophagea cancer who underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy from January 2001 to January 2005. By using RT-PCR,VEGF C mRNA was detected in tumor issues,and Mucin (MUC1) mRNA was detected in lymph nodes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential prognostic marker

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most poorly diagnosed and fatal cancers in the world.Although a series of studies on esophageal cancer have been reported,the molecular pathogenesis of the disease remains elusive.AIM To investigate comprehensively the molecular process of esophageal cancer.METHODS Differential expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in different stages of esophageal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas data.Exacting gene interaction modules were generated,and hub genes in the module interaction network were found.Further,through survival analysis,methylation analysis,pivot analysis,and enrichment analysis,some important molecules and related functions/pathways were identified to elucidate potential mechanisms in esophageal cancer.RESULTS A total of 7457 DEGs and 14 gene interaction modules were identified.These module genes were significantly involved in the positive regulation of protein transport,gastric acid secretion,insulin-like growth factor receptor binding,and other biological processes as well as p53 signaling pathway,epidermal growth factor signaling pathway,and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.Transcription factors(including hypoxia inducible factor 1A)and noncoding RNAs(including colorectal differentially expressed and hsa-miR-330-3p)that significantly regulate dysfunction modules were identified.Survival analysis showed that G protein subunit gamma transducin 2(GNGT2)was closely related to survival of esophageal cancer.DEGs with strong methylation regulation ability were identified,including SST and SH3GL2.Furthermore,the expression of GNGT2 was evaluated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,and the results showed that GNGT2 expression was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer patient samples and cell lines.Moreover,cell counting kit-8 assay revealed that GNGT2 could promote the proliferation of esophageal cancer cell lines.CONCLUSION This study not only revealed the potential regulatory factors involved in the development of esophageal cancer but also deepens our understanding of its underlying mechanism.

Short-(30-90 days)and mid-term(1-3 years)outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgical treatments

BACKGROUND The factors influencing the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer vary among studies and are still poorly known.AIM To determine the factors associated with survival in patients with esophageal cancer.METHODS This retrospective study included patients with esophageal cancer admitted between January 2017 and March 2020 at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College. All patients were treated according to the available guidelines. Follow-up was censored in October 2020. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for overall survival(OS).RESULTS In total, 307 patients were included. Their median age was 64(range, 44-79) years, 63.5% were male, and the median disease course was 2(0.1-36) months. The median tumor size was 3(0-10) cm. Most patients were T3(29.6%), N0(70.0%). Most tumors were grade 2(48.2%), and 87.3% were squamous cell carcinoma. The in-hospital mortality was 16.9%, the 30-day mortality was 19.9%, and the 90-day mortality was 25.4%. The cumulative OS rates at the last follow-up were 82.1%(95%CI: 67.7%-96.5%) for stage 0/Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 47.4%(95%CI: 16.5-78.6%) for stage Ⅲ/ⅣA(P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis showed that creatinine levels(HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00-1.03, P = 0.050), pTNM Ⅲ/ⅣA(HR = 4.19, 95%CI: 2.19-8.01, P < 0.001), adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy(HR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.11-0.49), and the Comprehensive Complication Index(CCI)(HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.004-1.03, P = 0.011) were independently associated with OS.CONCLUSION The survival of patients with esophageal cancer is poor, especially those with pTNM Ⅲ/ⅣA. pTNM stage Ⅲ/ⅣA, CCI, and adjuvant therapy(radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) are independently associated with OS.

Using Prostatic Fluid Levels of Some Trace Elements and Their Combinations in Non-Invasive and Highly Accurate Screening for Prostate Cancer

Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.

Modelling of the relationship between trace elements and three species of sulfur in coal

Based on the determination of several trace elements in coal particulate of different specific gravity, three variables regression equations relate the contents of trace elements Be, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, As and three species of sulfur in coal were well established. For elements Cd, Co, Pb, Cu and Ni, the regression equations were successfully used for prediction of these trace elements in individual part of coal with different specific gravity. Factor analysis was also used to analyze the data sets. The results showed that a three factor model can interpret the data sets reasonably. Trace elements Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, inorganic sulfide and total sulfur in coal are high correlated with the first factor. Trace elements Be, sulfate and organic sulfide are high correlated with the second factor and trace elements Cr and As are high correlated with the third factor. The factors can be interpreted by the chemical properties of these elements.

Modes of Occurrence and Cleaning Potential of Trace Elements in Coals from the Northern Ordos Basin and Shanxi Province, China

Based on the analyses of 43 elements in 16 samples of the raw coal and feed coal collected from the northern Ordos basin and Shanxi Province, the modes of occurrence of these elements were studied using the method of cluster analysis and factor analysis, and the cleaning potential of the hazardous elements relatively enriched in the coals was discussed by analyzing six samples of the cleaned coal from the coal-washing plants and coal cleaning simulation experiments. The results shows that the elements Br and Ba show a strong affinity to the organic matter, Cs, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg partly to the organic matter, and the other trace elements are mainly associated with the mineral matter. Cs, Mo, P, Pb, Zn and S have positive correlations with the two principal factors, reflecting the complexity of their modes of occurrence. Some elements that were thought to show a faint relationship (Be with S and Sb with carbonates) in other rocks are found to have a strong interrelation in the coals. Clay minerals (mainly kaolinite) dominate in the coals, and Ta, Th, Ti, Sc, REE, Hf, U, Se, W, V, Nb, Mo, Al, P, Cr, Pb and Zn are distributed mostly in kaolinite, while K, Rb, Cs, and Na have much to do with illite. Conventional cleaning can reduce the concentrations of most hazardous elements in various degrees. The hazardous elements S, As, Sb, Se, Mo, Pb, Cd and Hg relatively enriched in some coals from the area studied have a relatively high potential of environmental risks. However, by physical coal cleaning processes, more than 60% of As and Hg were removed, showing a high degree of removal, more than 30% of Sb, as well as S, Pb and Cd partly associated with the inorganic matter were removed. Se and Mo showing a relatively low degree of removal could be further removed by deep crushing of the coal during physical cleaning processes, and the concentrations of S, Pb, Cd and Hg with a partial association with the organic matter could be decreased in such ways as the coal blending. Cluster analysis together with factor analysis is a rapid and effective way to deduce the mode of occurrence of an element from bulk samples, and the removability data of most hazardous elements are basically consistent with their modes of occurrence suggested, which indicates that the statistical analysis could predict the cleaning potential of hazardous elements during the physical coal cleaning.

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ. Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 at coastal region, Cape D′Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM 10 ) were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA) and Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor(E.F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E.F, these elements are related the crust and soil. The concentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the V or noncrustal V(V *) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regional oil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn */V * and Bi/Al indicate that both TSP and PM 10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn */V * are probably represent fossil combustion and Bi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimax rotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of trace elements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species, although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.

Study on Correlation of Trace Elements With EsophagealCancer

1 Introduction Esophageal cancer is one of the major malignant diseases in China and its etiology isstill unclear. Some reports have shown that trace elements play important roles in thecausation and development of the cancer. Hair is generally considered to be an indicarorof the trace elements in human bodies. The contents of trace elements in human scalphair can be determined by means of proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), a novel tech-

Significance of trace element quantities in the prostatic secretion of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Aim:Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem of the man,particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant difference in the levels of Zn and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist between the inflamed and malignantly transformed prostate.Methods:Prostatic fluid levels of Br,Fe,Rb,Sr,and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 24 patients with prostate cancer.Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis.Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions.One was used for cytological study to exclude prostatitis,while the other was intended for trace element analysis.Results:Mean values±standard error of means for concentration(mg/L)of trace element in the prostatic fluid of hyperplastic prostate were:Br 2.32±0.30,Fe 11.5±1.8,Rb 1.70±0.23,Sr 1.41±0.26,and Zn 488±42.The contents of Rb and Zn were significantly lower(approximately 3.2 and 7.7 times,respectively)in fluid of cancerous prostate compared with those in fluid of hyperplastic prostate.Conclusion:There are significant differences in trace element contents in the fluid of hyperplastic and malignantly transformed prostate.The great decrease in levels of Rb and Zn in the fluid of cancerous prostate might demonstrate ;an involvement of these trace elements in etiology and pathogenesis of malignant prostate tumors.It was supposed that the differences in Rb and Zn levels in prostatic fluid can be used as tumor markers.

A study of the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer

IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content in soil was measured by catalytic polarography and rank correlation method was used to analyse correlation between the mean of soil available molybdenum and mortality rate of gastric cancer in each county and city in Jiangxi Province. Gastric cancer cases were selected from the authors′ hospital, occiput hair was collected to measure its molybdenum content with an atomic absorption spectrograph and controls were selected from the same hospital for comparison. Gastric cancer cases were selected from three hospitals at the same time, blood samples were taken on an empty stomach and serum molybdenum contents were measured with the atomic absorption spectrograph, and controls were selected from the same hospitals. Blind method was used in the whole course (chemical analysts did not know the source and nature of samples).RESULTS A negative correlation existed between soil available molybdenum content and mortality rate of gastric cancer (r=-0285, P<005); hair molybdenum contents of gastric cancer cases were lower than those of healthy controls (0308μg/g±0673μg/g and 0707μg/g±0561μg/g respectively, P<001); serum molybdenum contents of patients were also lower than those of healthy controls (2184μg/L±749μg/L and 2538μg/L±858μg/L respectively, P<005).CONCLUSION Deficiency of molybdenum may be one of the risk factors in gastric cancer.

江苏省农村地区居民食管癌及癌前病变影响因素分析

目的了解江苏省农村地区居民食管癌及癌前病变检出情况及影响因素,为食管癌的预防提供理论依据。方法2017年1月至2022年12月“江苏省农村上消化道癌早诊早治”项目采用整群抽样的方法抽取40~69岁常住居民参与研究,选取其中51198名40~69岁居民作为调查对象,进行危险因素问卷调查、内镜检查和组织活检,根据病理诊断确定食管癌癌前病变或食管癌。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ^(2)检验。采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析食管癌前病变和食管癌的影响因素。结果51198名调查对象检出食管癌前病变1279例,检出率2.50%,食管癌741例,检出率1.45%。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,高中及以上教育水平(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.66~0.98)、家庭收入≥5万(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73~0.93)和每周食用1~2次新鲜水果(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.52~0.93)是食管癌前病变低风险相关的因素;男性(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.27~1.65)、年龄(OR=5.35,95%CI:4.22~6.79)、食用腌晒食物(<2次/周:OR=1.80,95%CI:1.42~2.28;≥2次/周:OR=3.01,95%CI:2.35~3.87)、食管炎(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.19~2.31)和吃饭生气(OR=2.43,95%CI:2.07~2.85)是食管癌前病变高风险相关的因素。家庭收入≥5万(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.64~0.86)是食管癌低风险相关的因素;男性(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.38~1.95)、年龄(OR=5.54,95%CI:4.11~7.46)、每周食用1~2次霉变食物(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.38~2.54)、食管炎(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.22~2.86)和吃饭生气(OR=2.95,95%CI:2.37~3.67)是食管癌高风险相关的因素。结论江苏省农村地区居民食管癌及癌前病变检出率较高,应加强男性、高龄、有食管炎史和饮食习惯不良人群的食管癌健康知识宣传,以降低食管癌患病风险。

食管癌组织ARL5B表达与临床病理特征的关系及作用机制

目的应用生物信息学技术探讨ARL5B的临床意义及可能的潜在作用机制,并通过临床资料、基础实验等进行了初步验证。方法从TCGA数据库下载食管癌数据集,R软件分析差异表达的mRNA,结合患者的临床数据集进行生存分析。取临床食管癌及癌旁组织标本,采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)及蛋白印迹(Western blotting)验证ARL5B表达。免疫组化检测ARL5B表达并评价其与食管癌患者临床病理特征的关系。利用生物信息学对ARL5B潜在作用机制初步分析,qRT-PCR初步验证可能与其作用的基因。结果生物信息学结果显示ARL5B在人食管癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织且ARL5B高表达是食管癌患者预后差的标志。淋巴结组织、肿瘤组织、癌旁组织中,ARL5B的mRNA和蛋白的表达由高到低,与生物信息学结果符合。临床分析表明ARL5B表达与肿瘤的淋巴结转移、临床分期有关,其高表达是患者预后差的标志。富集分析显示ARL5B与囊泡传输、内体传输、细胞器定位等生物学过程有关。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析提示与ARL5B互作的蛋白质有VPS16、KIF1A、TOM1等。qRT-PCR验证表明,VPS16、KIF1A、TOM1的mRNA在食管癌组织中表达高于癌旁组织(n=60)且与ARL5B表达呈正相关。结论食管癌中ARL5B存在高表达,与肿瘤淋巴结转移、临床分期及预后有关;ARL5B可能通过多种分子机制调控参与食管癌进展。

中国人群食管癌主要危险因素Meta分析

目的探讨中国人群食管癌发病的危险因素。方法通过检索2000年~2022年中国知网、维普、万方等数据库中公开发表的文献,收集关于食管癌危险因素的文献,荟萃分析使用Stata 17.0软件完成,合并比值比(OR)及其95%CI。通过Q检验和I2统计量进行异质性检测,采用随机效应模型合并OR值。文献发表偏倚的检测使用Egger检验和Begg检验,进一步使用剪补法检验未发表文献对荟萃分析结果是否造成显著影响。结果本研究共纳入38项研究,病例组样本量共计8518例,对照组样本量共计12940例。饮酒、吸烟、食管癌家族史、喜食油炸食品、喜食腌制食品、喜食辛辣食品、喜食坚硬食物、喜热烫饮食、进食速度快、饮食不规律、喜食霉制食物、高盐饮食、食管病变、胃肠炎、精神刺激、性格内向、体质量指数(BMI)<18.5 kg·m^(-2)、低收入、饮用非自来水共19个危险因素合并OR值及95%CI均>1。喜食葱蒜、喜食豆制品、文化程度高、喜食水果、喜食蔬菜合并OR值及其95%CI均<1。饮茶、喜食鲜肉、喜食禽蛋的合并OR值无统计学意义。敏感性分析和发表偏倚的检测结果表明本研究受发表偏倚影响较小,结果较为稳定、可靠。结论食管癌的发生影响因素是多方面的,与环境、饮食及遗传因素息息相关。

滇西官房铜矿床微量元素R型因子分析及其地质意义研究

官房铜矿床位于我国著名的三江成矿带南澜沧江火山岩段北段,属云县-景谷(火山弧)铜多金属成矿带,是该区最具代表性的玄武岩铜矿床,储量达中型规模。对矿区内矿石的33种微量元素进行聚类分析与R型因子分析,结果显示:经过聚类分析,33种微量元素可分为基性岩元素组合、中低温矿化元素组合、中酸性岩相关元素及中高温矿化元素组合;R型因子分析得到F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)四类元素组合因子。其中,聚类分析与R型因子分析的元素分类结果基本一致,能够代表矿床的成矿过程,即成矿分为热液成矿期和中低温地下水热液改造期两个阶段,成矿流体主要来源于深部,成矿物质具有壳幔混合来源的特征,该矿床属于隐伏岩体及岩浆作用有明显成因联系的浅成中-低温热液矿床。

基于聚类分析和因子分析的前列腺癌中医证候研究

目的分析前列腺癌患者的中医证候分布特点,为中医治疗前列腺癌提供参考。方法收集228例前列腺癌患者的中医四诊信息,运用主成分分析法对选取的条目进行因子分析,并结合证候要素判定标准确定前列腺癌的中医证候要素特点,再应用系统聚类分析法对条目进行聚类分析,探索前列腺癌的中医证候分布规律。结果(1)排名前10位的症状、体征为尿频、潮热盗汗、大便干结、腰膝酸软、头晕、尿急、畏寒肢冷、神疲乏力、失眠、便秘。(2)聚类分析结果显示,前列腺癌中医证候以脾肾两虚证占比最多(29.82%),其余依次为肾虚瘀阻证(21.49%)、气阴两虚证(20.61%)、气血亏虚证(20.18%)、气滞血瘀证(7.89%)。(3)因子分析结果显示,前列腺癌病性证素为气虚、阳虚、阴虚、血瘀、血虚、湿热,病位证素为肾、脾、肝、脑、心。结论前列腺癌的病位涉及肾、脾、肝、脑、心,多属虚实夹杂、本虚标实之证;临床可分为脾肾两虚证、肾虚瘀阻证、气阴两虚证、气血亏虚证、气滞血瘀证,其中脾肾两虚证占比较高。

调强放疗致肺癌患者急性放射性食管炎影响因素分析

目的:分析影响肺癌患者调强放疗后急性放射性食管炎发生的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析80例Ⅱb~Ⅳ期肺癌患者临床资料,行调强放疗,总照射量60~66 Gy。同步化疗47例、靶向治疗15例,采用RTOG急性放射性损伤的分级标准,观察发生急性放射性食管炎的分级情况,比较发生和未发生急性放射性食管炎患者的临床相关资料,利用多因素Logistic回归分析急性放射性食管炎发生的独立危险因素。结果:本组80例完成调强放疗计划周期后,有48例患者出现急性放射性食管炎,其中1级40例,2级4例,3级2例,4级2例;急性放射性食管炎发生率为60.00%;急性放射性食管炎患者年龄≥60岁、Ⅲb~Ⅳ期、存在同步化疗、靶向治疗、有糖尿病、食管照射长度>10 cm占比均高于未发生放射性食管炎的患者(P<0.05),且急性放射性食管炎患者的食管照射总剂量、平均剂量、体积百分比V20、V30、V40、V50均高于未发生放射性食管炎患者(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,有同步化疗(OR=40.005)、同步靶向治疗(OR=42.479)、食管照射平均剂量高(OR=63.688)、V20(OR=52.300)、V30(OR=36.525)、V40(OR=40.366)、V50(OR=47.276)高是影响肺癌患者调强放疗后急性放射性食管炎发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:有同步化疗、同步靶向治疗、食管照射平均剂量高、V20、V30、V40、V50高为影响肺癌患者调强放疗后急性放射性食管炎发生的独立危险因素,临床在制定放疗方案时,应根据患者的实际情况,结合不同的分割方案来制定治疗计划,避免出现过度损伤食管的情况。

食管癌术后患者睡眠障碍的影响因素研究

目的:探究影响食管癌术后患者出现睡眠障碍的影响因素。方法:选取2022年2月至2023年7月山东宁阳县第一人民医院心胸外科收治的食管癌术后患者370例作为研究对象,按照匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表分为睡眠障碍组(评分>7分,n=170)和非睡眠障碍组(评分≤7分,n=200)。收集患者性别、年龄、接受教育水平、家庭收入、疾病认知、付费方式、术后导管数等数据,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究食管癌术后患者出现睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肠内营养供给方式(OR=0.097)、卧位不适(OR=0.238)、是否拔除胸管(OR=4.418)、夜间咳嗽(OR=0.282)、疼痛评分(OR=9.341)、是否拔除胃管(OR=5.601)、反酸/呃逆(OR=0.181)、导管数量(OR=3.825)是食管癌术后患者出现睡眠障碍的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:根据术后睡眠质量影响因素,医护人员需及时制定干预措施,从而改善食管癌术后患者的睡眠情况。

植物类中药中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

尝试利用化学计量学方法探讨微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。对１０５味植物类中药４２种微量元素测定数据用因子分析和聚类分析进行了多因素分析。因子分析证实了一个１０因子模型能合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系；样本聚类分析证明了１０５味中药合理地聚类成不同组；显示了１０５味中药分类结果和中药四性理论为依据的自然分类的良好一致性，正确判断能力高达７８．１％，证明中药微量元素含量是决定中药四性的物质基础之一，揭示了微量元素含量和中药疗效之间存在的相关性。

不同产地红花中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

中药药效不仅与有机成分有关,而且与无机元素的种类与含量也有密切的关系.本文用ICP-MS法测定了不同产地红花中微量元素的含量,并用因子分析和聚类分析对测定结果进行分析比较,用于红花产地的归属判别.因子分析的结果表明总方差的71%的贡献来自第1个因子,所对应的Fe,Ni,V,Ca,Cr,Co,Sr,Cd,As,Se,Zn,Cu,P,Mo是红花的特征微量元素.聚类分析的结果表明当样本层次聚类分析聚成三类时,样本的类归属情况为新疆,山东,内蒙古,四川红花为一类,河南红花为一类,云南红花为一类.这说明不同产地来源的红花中微量元素的含量有差别,可以根据这种差别进行药材的归属.