Analysis on Serum Trace Element Levels of Echinococciasis Patients in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan,China,2011

In Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture inSichuan province, China, 41 echinococciasis patientswho had received surgical treatment were recruitedin the study, and 82 health persons who had livedin Garze for at least 10 years were selected ascontrols. The serum levels of Zn, Se and Cu of thecases and controls were detected. The resultsshowed that most echinococciasis cases weredistributed in Shiqu county （17.1%, 7/41）, and only1 case was distributed in Yajiang county （2.4%）. Themale to female ratio of the cases was 1：1.56. Theechinococciasis patients were mainly aged 30-39years （36.59%, 15/41）. And, the cases aged 20-49years accounted for 68.29% （28/41）. Comparedwith health controls, the serum levels of Zn and Seof the cases significantly declined. However, theserum level of Cu of the cases had no significantlychange. It was confirmed that the serum levels ofZn and Se were interrelated with the prevalence ofechinococciasis.

COMPARISON OF SERUM TRACE ELEMENT SPECTRUM BETWEEN LIVER CANCER PATIENTS AND HEALTHY ADULTS

The study of the relationship between trace element and health and disease has attracted more and more interests of scientists. As well known there exist complex interaction between the trace elements, and the trace elements and other substances, so the trace element research must be involved to the com-prehensive effect of multifactors, other than single element. We determined the contents of fifteen trace elements in serum from thirty patients with liver cancer and thirty healthy adults by ICP-AES analysis. The obtained data were analysed statistically by not only routine statistical test bat also multi-variate discrimination analysis, multi-variate stepwise regression and non-linear mapping algorithm. It is hoped that it can provide some valuable informations for investigation on relationship betwecn trace elements and cancer.

Variations of Hair Trace Element Contents in Diabetic Females

Background: Alterations of trace elements, could induce metabolic disorders as they forthwith participating in the metabolic pathways and play different roles modulating it as well as many enzymes require trace elements for their activation and functions. Of these elements, selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) have been recognized as essentials for metabolism. Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus are important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and their global prevalence are growing from 2.8% in 2000 projecting to be 4.4% in 2030. Diabetes is prevalent in Saudi Arabia with high incidence in urbanized areas and its prevalence is estimated to expand 3 times by 2030. Patients and Methods: In total, 75 diabetic women and 80 aberrantly healthy women were recruited. Clinical and familial history was recorded. Hair Se, Zn, Cu and Mn levels were analyzed as well as fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: Our findings revealed a marked decrease of Zn and Mn levels in diabetic women hair compared to control group (p < 0.05, p <0.005 respectively). Otherwise, Se and Cu levels were significantly elevated in hair of diabetic patients (p < 0.005, p <0.05 respectively). Conclusion: Diabetes may disrupt the trace elements balance as well as their alterations can affect glucose metabolism and insulin action. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause disturbance of some trace elements which, in turn, can modulate glucose homeostasis. The metabolic dysregulation occurring in hyperglycemia may influence trace element status by increasing excretion, diminishing availability or redistribution of trace elements among different body pools. Hair trace elements can be useful long-term markers for metabolic disturbance;however, larger prospective studies are required to validate their role in diagnosis and follow up applications.

Measurement of the Trace Elements Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mg and the Ultratrace Elements Cd, Co, Mn, and Pb in Limited Quantity Human Plasma and Serum Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

In public health studies limited volumes of blood are often collected and stored for future hypothesis testing. Archived samples are irreplaceable and therefore it is valuable to develop analytical techniques that require minimal sample vo-lume. This work describes the measurement of trace elements Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and ultratrace elements Cd, Co, Mn, Pb in limited quantity (150 μL) human serum or plasma samples. Samples were digested using a hotblock and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analytical method was evaluated using a quadrupole (Q) and sector field high resolution (SF) instrument to analyze trace elements in Seronorm? quality control serum material. The method was used to analyze 1888 blinded human plasma samples which were archived for the National Cancer Institute from the Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian China. The inductively coupled plasma method was capable of accurately analyzed limited quantity samples of human serum and plasma for the trace elements Mg, Cu, Fe Zn and the ultra trace elements Co, Mn and Pb. The concentration of Cd in human plasma samples was below the level of detection for 75% of the samples analyzed.

INAA to Determine Trace Element Concentrations in the Hair of Street Children of Isfahan City, Iran

This study aimed to assess trace element concentrations in the hair of street children. Nutritional status was assessed by 24 hours’ dietary recall and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis found that Br, Sc, Sm and Ti concentrations show a normal distribution, and there is no significant difference between street children and control group. However, in the street children’s hair, the levels of Au, U, V are decreased and the levels of Co, La, Sb, Th are increased compared to the control group.

Relationship between serum adhesion molecules, trace elements and delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum adhesion molecules, trace elements and delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures.Methods:A total of 46 patients with delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures in our hospital from May 2014 to June 2016 were selected as the observation group, 46 patients with normal healing of tibial and fibula fractures were selected as the control group, then the serum adhesion molecules and trace elements levels of two groups at forth, eighth and sixteenth week after the surgery were compared.Results:The serum dhesion molecules levels of observation group at forth, eighth and sixteenth week after the surgery were all higher than those of control group, the serum trace elements levels were all lower than those of control group, and the serum adhesion molecules levels of two groups at eighth week after the surgery were all higher than those at other time, the trace elements levels were all lower than those at other time (allP<0.05).Conclusions:The serum adhesion molecules and trace elements of patients with delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures show obviously abnormal state, so those indexes of those patients should be paid to more monitoring and improvement.

Uncertainty Estimation for the Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Human Hair by Flame and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Trace element analysis on hair samples has been widely used to assess wildlife and human exposure to different contaminants present in the environment or at the workplace. Pollutants due to the presence of toxic metals in environment not only enter the body by breading, water, and foodstuff accumulates in hair, but they could be adsorbed directly on the hair from environment. In order to remove adsorbed elements and thus determine the internally bound elements correctly, hair sample must be washed. In the present work, we propose uncertainty estimation for the analytical results that are obtained from determination of cadmium, lead, copper, iron, manganese and nickel in human hair by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS and ETAAS）. To estimate the uncertainty of analytical result obtained, two types of bias are calculated in the assessment of trueness： a proportional bias and a constant bias. Nested design was applied for calculating proportional bias and Youden method to calculate the constant bias. The results we obtained for proportional bias are calculated from spiked samples. In this case, the concentration found is plotted against the concentration added and the slop of standard addition curve is an estimate of the method recovery. Estimated method of average recovery in human hair is： （1.019 ±0.026）, （0.918 ±0.014）, （1.073±0.016）, （1.0597± 0.017）, （1.073± 0.020） and （0.934± 0.117） for Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Fe and Cu respectively.

Use of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for the Determination of Trace Elements in Human Scalp

The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) in human scalp hair obtained from subjects living in Forsyth County, North Carolina, USA. The influence of age, sex, race, and smoking habits on the levels of trace elements in the hair samples were also investigated. Additionally, analyses were subjected to a statistical, regression, and principal component analysis to evaluate inter-elemental association and possible pattern recognition in hair samples. Furthermore, Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios, which are often used to evaluate the degree of Ca and Cu utilization in humans and as markers for various health related issues including, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic cancer, were calculated. The overall mean concentrations of Fe (25 μg/g), Ca (710 μg/g), Mg (120 μg/g), Zn (190 μg/g), Cu (12 μg/g), and Cr (0.20 μg/g) were found in hair samples. The trace element concentrations varied widely in hair samples as demonstrated by large range of concentrations obtained for each element. However, levels of Cd and Pb elements of <0.030 μg/g were detected in hair sample. In general, the levels of the trace elements in hair samples were poorly correlated. However, significant correlations were found between Ca and Mg (r = 0.840, p = 0.05). The levels of Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr in hair samples and the calculated Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios were found to be largely correlated with age, race, sex, and smoking habits.

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HAIR AND ORGANS DETERMINED BY NAA

Twenty four male autopsies were obtained from Shanghai. The samples of liver, lung, kidney cortex, brain and scalp hair were collected from the autopsies. The elements As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, 8, Se and Zn were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The present study provides the elemental levels of different tissues for normal male adults. The distribution pattern of elements was discussed. Great difference on distribution of some elements in different tissues was observed.

Early and late long--term effects of vasectomy on Zn,Cd, and Cu levels in prostatic fluid and serum

Aim: To evaluate the early and late long-term effects of vasectomy on the serum and prostatic fluid trace elements.Methods: In 37 vasectomized and 25 non-vasectomized (control) men, the Zn, Cd and Cu levels in the serum andprostatic fluid were measured by means of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Re-suits: No significant difference was found in the prostatic Zn, Cd and Cu levels between the vasectomized and controlgroup. The Zn level in the semm were significantly lower in the vasectomized men than in the controls (11.04 and 13.54 umol/L, respectively; P < 0.05), while the serum Cd and Cu levels were not significantly different between thetwo groups. Conclusion: Vasectomy may decrease the serum, but not the prostatic Zn levels. Its pathophysiologicalsignificance is worthy of further investigation.

PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF THE HUMAN HAIR REFERENCE MATERIAL

The preparation of the human hair reference material and the steps taken to confirm its homogeneity and stability as well as its certificatipn are described. Certified values for 17 elements, which are of importance for human health, and reference values for the other 13 elements are provided for this material.

Study on Relation of Kidney-Deficiency with Hearing Damage and Serum Trace Elements in Patients with Chronic Nephropathy

Objective: To find some objective criteria for Syndrome Differentiation of Kidney Deficiency by analysing the relationship between Kidney and hearing as well as serum trace elements. Methods: The hearing and serum trace element of 73 cases of chronic nephropathy were measured. Results: The incidence of hearing damage in high frequency was 68. 5% with a mean hypoacusis of 35. 1 ±6. 1 dB, while in the 55 patients of Kidney deficiency type, the incidence of hearing damage in high frequency was 83. 6%, which was significantly higher than that in patients without Kidney Deficiency. The serum levels of trace elements (iron and zinc) in patients with Kidney Deficiency were lower than the normal level and that in patients without Kidney Deficiency, and the decrease of serum iron was directly proPOrtional to the degree of hearing damage. Conclusion: There was close relationship between Kidney Deficiency and hearing damage as well as the serum levels of iron and zinc.

Visual Functions and TraceElement Metabolism in Tobacco-toxic Optic Neuropathy

Visual functions and nutrition metabolic characteristics werestudied in 8 subjects(16 eyes)with tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy(TTON).Their visual functions tested by psychophysical and electrophysiologicmethods showed that:1.central vision diminished in 16 eyes,2.dyschromatopsias were found in 14 tested eyes,3.bilateral symmetricalcentral or cecocentral scotomas were the visual field characteristics in allcases,4.PVEP were severe abnormal in 3 spatial frequencies in all cases and56.3% of 15' checkboard ...

Trace element characteristics of a Gorham-Stout Syndrome sufferer

Gorham-Stout Syndrome (GSS) is an infrequent and mysterious bone disease characterized by massive bone dissolving or even disappearing due to an unknown pathogeny. It is quite different from the Itai-itai disease and osteoporosis. In 2001, an 8-year-old boy from a small town in Xinjiang was found to get GSS disease. Some parts of his bones vanished without any external force. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd and Cu, especially Na and K in his hair were far higher than those of the healthy people, and the concentration of Cd was 2 times that of the reference while those of Cr and Zn were insufficient for health. The ratio of K/Na was also higher than that of healthy group. Four different ratios revealed weak bone growth potential and strong bone breakage occurred simultaneously in the GSS sufferer’s skeletal system. It might be the synergistic effect of the trace elements leading to the baffling syndrome. Further investigation demonstrated that the trace elements can cause a series of diseases, including GSS disease and a typical rheumatoid arthritis (ARA). Epidemiological investigation also proved that there were about 25% of the inhabitants in the town suffered from an ARA. All of these data implied there was significant relationship among Gorham-Stout Syndrome, ARA and prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.

麋鹿被毛微量元素、重金属含量及对环境污染的监测作用

哺乳动物被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量能够反映其生活状态和栖息地状况,是环境监测中重要的生物化学指示物。对北京南海子和浙江临安两地麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)种群被毛中的10种重金属和34种微量元素进行测定,以期探讨麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属含量在栖息环境监测中的可行性。结果表明:除Re元素外,其余43种元素在麋鹿被毛中均被检出,统计分析表明Li、Be、Sc、V、Co、Ga、Rb、Ir、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Tl、Bi、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf 34种元素为麋鹿被毛的特征元素;与北京南海子麋鹿种群相比,浙江临安麋鹿种群被毛中的微量元素Sr、In、Sb、W、Bi、U和重金属元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd含量更少,其余32种元素含量均高于北京南海子麋鹿种群;独立样本t检验分析表明,麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量存在地域差异性,仅Cr(p=0.064)、Ni(p=0.769)、Mo(p=0.129)、Tl(p=0.065)、Zr(p=0.138)和Hf(p=0.057)6种元素差异不显著,其余37种元素差异均显著;北京南海子和浙江临安麋鹿种群的栖息环境和食物均未受到Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、V、Co、Ni、Sb和Tl 10种重金属元素污染的威胁。研究表明,麋鹿被毛可作为栖息环境重金属污染的非损伤监测指示材料。

氨基酸微量元素螯合物对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及微量元素沉积的影响

为研究饲料中添加氨基酸微量元素螯合物对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、微量元素沉积及血清生化指标的影响,本试验以初始体重为(40.05±0.05)g的草鱼为研究对象,共计720尾随机分为6组,对照组(CON组)饲喂不添加微量元素的基础饲料,无机微量元素添加组(IT100组)饲喂在基础饲料中添加草鱼微量元素需要量的100%无机微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰的试验饲料,氨基酸微量元素螯合物添加组(OT25组、OT50组、OT75组和OT100组)饲喂以25%、50%、75%和100%氨基酸微量元素螯合物等比例替代IT100组饲料中无机微量元素的试验饲料,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼,养殖8周。结果表明:1)不同组之间草鱼的存活率、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。与CON组相比,IT100组、OT75组增重率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料系数的变化趋势则与之相反,OT50组和OT75组显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,IT100组、OT50组、OT75组、OT100组肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著升高(P<0.05),OT25组肠道的淀粉酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。3)根据草鱼脊椎骨微量元素沉积量的二次回归方程,氨基酸微量元素螯合物内元素分别在添加水平为铜67.53%、铁58.22%、锌58.68%、锰56.07%时到达100%无机微量元素效价。4)与CON组相比,IT100组的血清中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素氮含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清补体3、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组比较,OT各组血清甘油三酯含量均显著降低(P<0.05),OT100组血清总胆固醇、尿素氮含量及谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),OT75组和OT100组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),OT100组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著上升(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加适宜比例的氨基酸微量元素螯合物能提高草鱼生长性能、营养消化吸收和脊椎骨内微量元素沉积,其中75%的氨基酸微量元素螯合物替代比例为最适替代比例。

不同锌源对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及微量元素沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料添加不同锌源对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及微量元素沉积的影响。选择270尾体重[(10.00±0.05)g]相近的珍珠龙胆石斑幼鱼,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。无机锌组在基础饲料中添加30 mg/kg(以锌计)的硫酸锌(ZnSO_(4)组),试验组则在基础饲料中分别添加等量的赖氨酸锌(Lys-Zn组)和组氨酸锌(His-Zn组)。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与ZnSO_(4)组相比,试验组蛋白质效率显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);His-Zn组终末均重、增重率和特定增长率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与ZnSO_(4)组相比,试验组血清谷草转氨酶活性以及总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05);Lys-Zn组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与ZnSO_(4)组相比,试验组血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Lys-Zn组血清除外)活性显著提高(P<0.05),His-Zn组血清和肝脏丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),His-Zn组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与ZnSO_(4)组相比,试验组肌肉中铜和锌含量显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,氨基酸螯合锌在促进珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长、提高抗氧化能力以及提高微量元素沉积方面的效果均优于硫酸锌,其中组氨酸锌的效果更佳。

早期断奶对阿尔巴斯绒山羊增重及血清免疫、生化和微量元素指标的影响

为了研究不同断奶日龄对阿尔巴斯绒山羊增重及血清免疫、生化和微量元素指标的影响,以确定阿尔巴斯绒山羊较适合的早期断奶时间,试验选择出生日龄基本一致、体重接近的健康阿尔巴斯绒山羊公羔24只,随机分成30 d断奶组、40 d断奶组、50 d断奶组和60 d断奶对照组,每组6只,其中30 d断奶组、40 d断奶组、50 d断奶组羔羊采用逐渐断奶法(设置10 d过渡期)分别在30,40,50 d断奶,60 d断奶对照组采用直接断奶方式在60 d断奶。各组羔羊从第30天开始,每隔10 d称重1次,统计10 d平均日增重;于第90天晨饲前采血检测血清中免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)A、IgG、IgM水平;于第60,90天晨饲前采血测定血清生化指标[总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、肌酐(CREA)、尿素(UREA)、血糖(GLU)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酸激酶(CK)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)]和微量元素指标(铁、镁、锌、镉、铅、铜、锰);分析早期断奶对阿尔巴斯绒山羊增重及血清免疫、生化和微量元素指标的影响。结果表明:在试验31~40 d,40 d断奶组羔羊10 d平均日增重高于30 d断奶组、50 d断奶组和60 d断奶对照组,其中与30 d断奶组、50 d断奶组差异显著(P<0.05),与60 d断奶对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);在试验41~50 d、51~60 d、61~70 d、71~80 d、81~90 d,各组羔羊10 d平均日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。在试验第60天时,各组羔羊血清中TP、TC、UREA、GLU、CK、ALP水平均差异不显著(P>0.05),30 d断奶组羔羊CREA、TBIL水平显著低于60 d断奶对照组(P<0.05);各组羔羊血清中铁、镁、锌、镉、铅、铜、锰水平均差异不显著(P>0.05),且除30 d断奶组和40 d断奶组羔羊血清中铁水平低于正常参考值外,其他各组羔羊血清中铁、镁、锌、镉、铅、铜、锰水平均在正常参考值内。在试验第90天时,30 d断奶组羔羊血清中IgA水平高于40 d断奶组、50 d断奶组和60 d断奶对照组,其中与50 d断奶组差异显著(P<0.05),与40 d断奶组和60 d断奶对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);各组羔羊血清中IgG、IgM、TP、TC、CREA、UREA、GLU、TBIL、CK、ALP水平均差异不显著(P>0.05);各组羔羊血清中铁、镁、锌、镉、铅、铜、锰水平均差异不显著(P>0.05),且除30 d断奶组羔羊血清中铁水平低于正常参考值外,其他各组羔羊血清中铁、镁、锌、镉、铅、铜、锰水平均在正常参考值内。说明对阿尔巴斯绒山羊羔羊实施早期断奶切实可行,且于40 d断奶效果较好。

精神分裂症患者利培酮血药浓度与血清微量元素含量相关性

目的探讨精神分裂症患者利培酮血药浓度水平与血清微量元素含量相关性。方法选取2023年1月1日至2023年12月31日广元市精神卫生中心住院治疗且单独使用利培酮的精神分裂症患者200例为研究对象,检测患者利培酮血药浓度,根据血药浓度结果分为低浓度组(<20 ng·mL^(-1),17例)、正常浓度组(20~60 ng·mL^(-1),153例)和高浓度组(>60 ng·mL^(-1),30例),比较3组患者的血清微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰和硒含量,分析血药浓度与血清微量元素含量的相关性。结果①正常浓度组和低浓度组比较,铁、锌、铜、锰和硒含量差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);高浓度组与低浓度和正常浓度相比,铁、锌含量低,硒含量高,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。②高浓度组铁、硒含量异常比例高于低浓度组和正常浓度组(p<0.05)。③利培酮血药浓度与铁含量呈负相关,与硒含量呈正相关。结论利培酮血药浓度与血清微量元素铁、硒含量呈现相关性,且利培酮血药浓度较高时,铁、锌和硒含量异常的风险较高,建议监测血药浓度及铁、锌和硒含量。

支气管哮喘的治疗动向

支气管哮喘的治疗动向河北医学院附属四院金普乐，周俊琴支气管哮喘是临床常见病、难治病。近年米，随着环境污染的加重及精神因素致病的增多，此病的发病率呈上升趋势。目前，寻找新的防治哮喘的措施，已成为中西医呼吸内科领域中的核心问题之一。笔者仅就近５年来中医、...