Partial Trace Method for Deriving Density Operators of Light Field

With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we can fully display the partial trace method to deduce some new density operators of light field. The general form of single-mode density operator is derived in this way from a normalized two-mode generalized squeezed pure state density operator.

Low-complexity signal detection for massive MIMO systems via trace iterative method

Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high complexity.To avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is proposed.By combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection algorithm.Firstly,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is analyzed.Then,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink systems.The proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton iteration.However,its complexity is still high for higher iterations.Thus,it is applied only for first two iterations.For subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton iterations.Convergence guarantees of the proposed detector are also provided.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.

An improved algorithm based on equivalent sound velocity profile method at large incident angle

With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical equivalent sound speed profile(ESSP)method replaces the measured sound velocity profile(SVP)with a simple constant gradient SVP,reducing the computational workload of beam positioning.However,in deep-sea environment,the depth measurement error of this method rapidly increases from the central beam to the edge beam.By analyzing the positioning error of the ESSP method at edge beam,it is discovered that the positioning error increases monotonically with the incident angle,and the relationship between them could be expressed by polynomial function.Therefore,an error correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is obtained.The simulation experiment conducted on an inclined seafloor shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable efficiency to the original ESSP method,while significantly improving bathymetry accuracy by nearly eight times in the edge beam.

Distinguishing the main components of submarine groundwater and estimating the corresponding fluxes based on radium tracing method—taking the Maowei Sea for example

Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)is an important part in the land-sea interactions,which mainly contains three components:submarine fresh groundwater discharge(SFGD),tidal flat recirculated saline groundwater discharge(tidal flat RSGD)and subtidal recirculated saline groundwater discharge(subtidal RSGD).In order to make a more accurate assessment of the impact of SGD on coastal ecological environment,it is necessary to distinguish the main components of SGD.In this study,the Maowei Sea,located in the northern part of the Beibu Gulf,was selected as the study area.Based on the radium(Ra)tracing method,we present a new analytical method for distinguishing the three main components of SGD in this area combined with field data.The average daily flow along the coastline of the Maowei Sea of tidal flat RSGD was slightly higher than that of SFGD,and both two were on the magnitude of 1×10^(5)m^(3)/d.The average daily flow for the subtidal RSGD of the entire subtidal zone of the Maowei Sea reached to the magnitude of 1×10^(6)-1×10^(7)m^(3)/d.The long-term variation trend of terrestrial SGD is a valuable information for the study of the influence of terrigenous material on the coastal ecological environment.Based on the results of four sampling periods,it is found that the fluxes of SFGD and tidal flat RSGD in the Maowei Sea had good linear correlation with the net precipitation.As an example,January 2015 to August 2022 were selected as the study periods,and the variation trends of SFGD and tidal flat RSGD were calculated by linear function with net precipitation as the independent variable.The results showed that the flux of tidal flat RSGD was slightly higher than that of SFGD,and the difference between the two is larger in flood season while smaller in dry season.In general,in the coastal range of China,the total SGD flux in the Maowei Sea area is at a high level,and the SFGD flux is at a medium level.

A FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IMNUNOASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TRACE ALBUMIN USING UNLABELED EUROPIUM CHELATE

A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.

A QUENCHING FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TRACE ALBUMIN USING UNLABELED TERBIUM CHELATE

A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.

Variations of trace elements and rare earth elements(REEs)treated by two different methods for snow-pit samples on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications

Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods.To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements(Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li,Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements(REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry(ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements(defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements(especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns,REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.

PLANNING MOTION TRACE OF ROBOT BY SPINOR METHOD

The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived through the sense, the spinor method directly converges tracking error in the planning. It promotes the dynamic accuracy of trace operation. It is also suitable to the exerciser with redundant freedom.

关于高纯石英原料矿石地质学评价方法的探讨

高纯石英资源是一种重要的战略性资源。本文结合高纯石英成矿地质特征及其对后期选矿提纯、材料加工等的影响,系统总结了高纯石英原料中杂质的赋存状态、形成机理以及评价方法等,得出:(1)可以作为高纯石英原料的潜在岩石类型有花岗伟晶岩(包括不含暗色矿物的伟晶状花岗岩)、脉石英以及水晶,岩浆演化晚期的伟晶状花岗岩-伟晶岩早期阶段的NYF型花岗伟晶岩结晶形成的石英纯度更高,后期适当的变形变质作用更有利于高纯石英矿床的形成。高纯石英原料矿石中石英矿物呈现无色透明至半透明,矿物构造裂隙少,伟晶岩型矿石矿物组成通常为石英、钠长石、条纹长石、白云母等,黑云母等暗色矿物含量极少,基本不见锂辉石、独居石等稀有金属矿物和电气石、萤石等含挥发分矿物。(2)影响高纯石英的主要地质因素包括脉石矿物及晶界杂质、包裹体、晶格杂质等。其中包裹体类型、数量和尺寸是包裹体评价的关键指标,天然石英矿物中的气液两相包裹体、矿物包裹体和<10μm包裹体应尽量少;Al和Ti是晶格杂质元素评价标志性元素,通常要求天然石英矿物中Al<50×10-6和Ti<10×10-6。(3)建议按照手标本特征-石英矿物特征-石英中包裹体特征-晶格元素赋存状态及含量的顺序,从宏观到微观,综合借助光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阴极荧光光谱分析系统(SEM-CL)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)等开展地质学评价和研究工作。

基于微分方程曲面求交跟踪法的包容式节点相贯区域建模研究

包容式节点是一种新型管状相贯式节点,其形态是一种典型的薄壁自由曲面结构。在进行曲面造型过程中会涉及曲面求交的问题,而曲面求交是计算机辅助几何设计(CAGD)领域中的关键技术之一。本文构建了包容式节点非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面模型,将求包容式节点中的相贯线问题转化为NURBS曲面的求交问题。基于微分方程的跟踪算法原理,在分割法求得初始交点的基础上,采用微分方程追踪法求出所有交点,最后将所求得交点进行曲线拟合,交线包围区域即为包容式节点与腹杆相贯焊接区域。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定复杂高温合金中微量硅

以混酸低温加热方式溶解合金,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定复杂高温合金中微量硅。通过实验前准备、动能歧视和完全匹配基体消除二次污染、多原子离子干扰和共存元素干扰。采用5 mL盐酸、0.5 mL硝酸和几滴氢氟酸作溶剂,于80℃加热溶解合金样品,以Sc为内标校正仪器波动产生的影响。以硅的信号强度值为纵坐标,其质量分数为横坐标,绘制标准工作曲线,质量分数在0.002%~0.10%范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999,检出限为0.0003%。样品加标平均回收率为90.0%~110.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.0%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,能够满足日常测试要求。

党的批评与自我批评方法溯源、原则遵循与实践要求

批评与自我批评是中国共产党长期坚持、行之有效的工作方法,其产生具有深厚的历史渊源、其实施具有多方面的条件保障,是政党建设的一种科学方法。从建党初期自发的、零星的运用这一方法,到党的七大作为党的建设的重要方法广泛运用,伴随着中国共产党发展壮大的每个时期,直至今天依然是党的建设极其重要的方法与时俱进。为有效开展批评与自我批评,我们需要掌握正确的原则、立场和方法并提供扎实的条件保障,避免运用中的偏差或错误。

二氧化硅抛光液中金属杂质的检测方法

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子质谱仪检测二氧化硅抛光液中金属杂质元素,通过调节元素分辨力,选择适合的同位素进行检测,可有效解决质谱干扰问题。采用标准加入法稀释样品检测金属杂质含量的方法,10μg/kg加标回收率为81.17%~111.79%,可以实现对二氧化硅抛光液中多金属杂质的快速分析。

楔块耦合的碳纤维增强复合材料褶皱缺陷全聚焦成像

褶皱是碳纤维增强复合材料中最主要的缺陷类型之一,当使用超声相控阵对复合材料薄板进行检测时,由于采集系统非线性效应和电子串扰等干扰会引发盲区现象,掩盖了薄板内的褶皱信息。为削弱盲区影响,考虑在相控阵与复合材料薄板(小于10 mm)之间增加楔块,提出楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法。基于费马原理与斯涅耳定律,建立楔块耦合的多层介质超声波传播模型;制备含褶皱缺陷的碳纤维增强复合材料试样,搭建超声相控阵数据采集系统,采集全矩阵数据;将楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法和传统全聚焦方法的成像效果进行对比。结果表明,基于楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法能减小试样表面盲区深度,修正声时偏差,削弱盲区影响,恢复出试样内的褶皱缺陷。相比传统全聚焦方法,纤维褶皱长度、褶皱顶部高度、褶皱角度这3个参数表征的精准程度分别提高了5.9%、4.1%、4.2%。该文为碳纤维增强复合材料薄板褶皱缺陷的检测提供了新思路。

高纯铟杂质元素的ICP-MS测试方法研究

红外材料锑化铟的原材料之一是高纯度铟,其杂质元素的种类和含量直接影响了探测器的性能。因此建立准确高效的痕量元素定量测试方法尤为重要。通过严格控制温度保证酸解过程的可实现性,使用标准加入法建立标准曲线并对样品进行测试。经过响应率对比,该项测试选取的基底样品为单标溶液In10000,标准曲线的线性相关系数均接近于0.999。排除线性差异的影响,对多批次的测试结果进行分析并验证其准确性。同时采用内标法验证In10000溶液内的多种杂质元素含量。结果表明,基底样品具有极低的杂质含量。通过配置已知标准浓度的溶液对该测试方法的准确性和可重复性进行多次验证。测试结果表明,该项测试方法准确有效,可应用于高纯(大于6N) In的杂质含量测试。

永定河平原南部典型植被土壤优先流特征及其归因

[目的]研究永定河平原地区的优先流现象,解析其形态特征和发育程度,明确影响优先流的主要因素,为该区域淡水资源保护以及生态环境恢复提供理论依据。[方法]以3种典型植被柳树、荆条和狗尾草为对象,在25 mm入渗水量下(大雨)通过野外亮蓝染色示踪试验获取原始土样和染色剖面图像,使用图像处理技术解析水分和溶质在土壤中下渗的形态规律,结合相关性分析和主成成分分析法研究不同土壤因子对优先流产生和发育的响应。[结果](1)柳树、荆条和狗尾草土壤优先流分别集中在10—40 cm处、10—40 cm处和10—30 cm处,最大染色深度分别为40.0 cm,44.8 cm,31.5 cm。不同植被类型垂直剖面上显示出染色面积比随土层深度的增加而下降。(2)优先流发育程度为柳树样地>荆条样地>狗尾草样地。柳树样地和狗尾草样地的染色面积比和长度指数差异显著(p<0.05),荆条样地与其他2种植被差异均不显著(p>0.05)。(3)黏粒、砂粒、粉粒含量对方差变异性的贡献率为24.824%,根重密度和有机质含量对方差变异性的贡献率为46.312%。[结论]永定河平原南部3种典型植被中柳树样地最早发生土壤优先流现象,形成优先流染色形态分化程度最高,优先流现象最明显,而狗尾草样地最不明显。随着入渗水量的增加,土壤水分运动表现出整体下移,加深了土壤水流形态分化界面深度,即0—20 cm土层染色形态表现为相对稳定。土壤机械组成与径级小于5 mm根系是影响优先流产生发育的重要因素,由于各样地中植被的生长发育状态不同,因此对土壤优先流的影响程度也不尽相同,存在一定的差异性。

星载共口径多波束赋形反射面天线设计

为了满足星载通信中多任务并行需求,提出了一种由格里高利型反射面和三个馈源喇叭天线组成的共口径多波束反射面天线,该天线能够产生两个固定轮廓波束和一个点波束。天线设计是采用射线追踪法确定点波束馈源位置以建立天线基础结构,并通过Zernike多项式和Cubic B-splines函数共同对主、副反射面进行赋形优化来完成。为了验证该方法的有效性,对口径为1.1 m的天线进行仿真设计,结果表明两个赋形轮廓波束在Ku收、发频段边缘增益(EOC gain)分别为27.7、28.0、28.0、28.2 dBi,固定点波束在服务区EOC gain不低于34 dBi并且在0~6.5°范围内的扫描波束增益不低于35 dBi。

6061铝合金半连铸圆坯组织瞬态数值模拟研究

本文建立了6061铝合金半连铸过程传热模型和元胞自动机-有限元(CAFE)耦合模型,采用边界跟踪法模拟了瞬态条件下不同铸造工艺对凝固组织演变的影响。经试验验证,该模型可模拟6061铝合金半连铸的凝固组织。用其预测不同铸造温度、速度和传热系数下的凝固组织。结果表明:铸造温度升高,等轴区宽度从219.1 mm降至187.4 mm,柱状晶和等轴晶均粗化;铸造速度增加,液穴深度增大,等轴晶区的宽度由222.1 mm降至202.4 mm,柱状晶尺寸增大,等轴晶细化;传热系数增大,铸坯边部温度梯度增大,柱状晶粗化,但中心熔体冷却速度增大,对等轴晶有一定细化效果。用半连铸方法生产6061铝合金铸锭,适当降低铸造温度,增大铸造速度和冷却水量有利于形成细小的凝固组织。

基于同轴聚焦微流控拓扑构造的双乳液滴生成机制数值模拟

采用流体体积(VOF)相界面追踪技术建立了同轴聚焦微通道内双乳液滴生成过程的数值计算模型。当内相、中间相和外相流体流速分别为0.01、0.011、0.04m/s时,该模型能够稳定形成单分散性较好、直径为500μm的双乳液滴。形成的双乳液滴适合药物领域的应用。在此基础上,分析了聚焦孔半径、聚焦孔颈长与聚焦孔颈角对三相流体的液滴驱动方式的影响,并讨论了微流道拓扑结构变化与双乳液滴生成机制及特性的内在联系与机理。结果表明,聚焦孔半径影响了Marangoni效应对内液滴局部扰动的程度,在改变生成液滴截面尺寸的同时,也使液滴生成频率发生相应的变化。聚焦孔颈长的改变决定了内外相流体的流型,限制了液膜断裂与脱离过程,从而对液滴生成方式产生根本性影响。聚焦孔颈角的变化影响了鞘液对外界面的剪切作用,通常情况下较大的角度使得局部流体阻力得以缓慢的释放,有利于生成液滴界面的稳定性。

2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级强地震动模拟研究

为满足数字化时代应急处置的新要求,基于随机有限断层法的发展,利用青海门源地区地下三维速度结构的模型和v S30数据,通过逐步迭代射线追踪法、格林函数位移解析相位谱和有限断层法的联合计算,以青海门源6.9级地震为例,获得具有地表土层放大效应的强地震动模拟数据,进而绘制出研究区内PGA和烈度分布模拟图;并与实际台站记录的PGA和实地调查烈度结果相比,其烈度区划范围基本一致,同时也验证此联合计算方法可用于未来地震灾害的快速评估,并为灾后应急救援提供参考。