A Reverse-Design Strategy for the Track Error of the Qi Tai Telescope Based on Pointing Accuracy

The Qi Tai Telescope(QTT),which has a 110 m aperture,is planned to be the largest scale steerable tele-scope in the world.Ideally,the telescope’s repeated pointing accuracy error should be less than 2.5 arc seconds(arcsec);thus,the telescope structure must satisfy ultra-high precision requirements.In this pur-suit,the present research envisages a reverse-design method for the track surface to reduce the difficulty of the telescope’s design and manufacture.First,the distribution characteristics of the test data for the track error were verified using the skewness coefficient and kurtosis coefficient methods.According to the distribution characteristics,the azimuth track error was simulated by a two-scale model.The error of the long period and short amplitude was characterized as large-scale and described by a trigonometric function,while the short period and high amplitude error was characterized as small-scale and simulated by a fractal function.Based on the two-scale model,effect of the error on the pointing accuracy was deduced.Subsequently,the relationship between the root mean square(RMS)of the track error and the RMS of the pointing accuracy error of the telescope was deduced.Finally,the allowable RMS value of the track error was derived from the allowable pointing accuracy errors.To validate the effectiveness of the new design method,two typical radio telescopes(the Green Bank Telescope(GBT)and the Large Millimeter Telescope(LMT))were selected as experimental examples.Through comparison,the theoretical calculated values of the pointing accuracy of the telescope were consistent with the measured values,with a maximum error of less than 10%.

A new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference detection for signal waveform modulation multi-level discs

The sub-land/sub-pit affects the characteristic of the tracking error signal which is generated by the conventional differential phase detection （DPD） method in the signal waveform modulation multi-level （SWML） read-only disc. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference. Based on the diffraction theory, the amplitude difference is proportional to the tracking error and is feasible to be used for obtaining the off-track information. The experimental system of the amplitude difference detection method is developed. The experimental results show that the tracking error signal derived from the new method has better performance in uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio than that derived from the conventional DPD method in the SWML read-only disc.

Tracking error analysis and simulation of FLL-assisted PLL

In order to solve problems in high dynamic environment, a frequency-locked loop （FLL） assisted phase-locked loop （PLL） is put forward for carrier tracking. On the basis of the analysis of discriminators, the total phase error of the tracking loop is analyzed and a general error expression is derived. By using linearization and Jaffe-Rechtin coefficients, the performance of a special first order FLL-assisted second order PLL is analyzed to get a closed expression. Analysis results and simula- tions show that there exist an optimal FLL loop bandwidth and a optimal PLL loop bandwidth which can make the phase jitter much less than that when the PLL is used alone.

NOVEL METHOD FOR ERROR ANALYSIS AND SELF-CALIBRATION OF LASER TRACKING MIRROR MECHANISM

Laser tracking system （LTS） is an advanced device for large size 3D coordinates measuring with the advantages of broad range, high speed and high accuracy. However, its measuring accuracy is highly dominated by the geometric errors of the tracking mirror mechanism. Proper calibration of LTS is essential prior to the use of it for metrology. A kinematics model that describes not only the motion but also the geometric variations of LTS is developed. Through error analysis of the proposed model, it is claimed that gimbals axis misalignments and tracking mirror center off-set are the key contributors to measuring errors of LTS. A self-calibration method is presented of calibrating LTS with planar constraints. Various calibration strategies utilizing single-plane and multiple-plane constraints are proposed for different situations. For each calibration strategy, issues about the error parameter estimation of LTS are exploded to find out in which conditions these parameters can be uniquely estimated. Moreover, these conditions reveal the applicability of the planar constraints to LTS self-calibration. Intensive studies have been made to check validity of the theoretical results. The results show that the measuring accuracy of LTS has increased by 5 times since this technique for calibration is used.

Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.

Path-tracking Control of Underactuated Ships Under Tracking Error Constraints

这份报纸论述在经常或慢的变化时间的海负担下面强迫 underactuated 轮船 asymptotically 追踪一条 parameterized 参考书路径的新控制器的一个建设性的图案，那总是从轮船保证距离到参考书路径在指定价值以内。控制设计基于一个全球指数的骚乱观察员，到一种几乎球形的形式的轮船动力学的转变，在一个修理地球的框架的追踪的错误的解释，动态变量的介绍补偿参考书路径产生的松驰，p乘可辨的步功能，并且 backstepping 和 Lyapunovs 指导方法。建议结果的有效性通过模拟被说明。

An Analysis on Position Estimation, Drifting and Accumulated Error Accuracy during 3D Tracking in Electronic Handheld Devices

This work focuses on a brief discussion of new concepts of using smartphone sensors for 3D painting in virtual or augmented reality. Motivation of this research comes from the idea of using different types of sensors which exist in our smartphones such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer etc. to track the position for painting in virtual reality, like Google Tilt Brush, but cost effectively. Research studies till date on estimating position and localization and tracking have been thoroughly reviewed to find the appropriate algorithm which will provide accurate result with minimum drift error. Sensor fusion, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), MEMS inertial sensor, Kalman filter based global translational localization systems are studied. It is observed, prevailing approaches consist issues such as stability, random bias drift, noisy acceleration output, position estimation error, robustness or accuracy, cost effectiveness etc. Moreover, issues with motions that do not follow laws of physics, bandwidth, restrictive nature of assumptions, scale optimization for large space are noticed as well. Advantages of such smartphone sensor based position estimation approaches include, less memory demand, very fast operation, making them well suited for real time problems and embedded systems. Being independent of the size of the system, they can work effectively for high dimensional systems as well. Through study of these approaches it is observed, extended Kalman filter gives the highest accuracy with reduced requirement of excess hardware during tracking. It renders better and faster result when used in accelerometer sensor. With the aid of various software, error accuracy can be increased further as well.

Track-to-Track Association Technique in Radar Network in the Presence of Systematic Errors

The presence of systematic measuring errors complicates track-to-track association, spatially separates the tracks that correspond to the same true target, and seriously decline the performances of traditional track-to-track association algorithms. Consequently, the influence of radar systematic errors on tracks from different radars, which is described as some rotation and translation, has been analyzed theoretically in this paper. In addition, a novel approach named alignment-correlation method is developed to estimate and reduce this effect, align and correlate tracks accurately without prior registration using phase correlation technique and statistic binary track correlation algorithm. Monte-Carlo simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm has good performance in solving the track-to-track association problem with systematic errors in radar network and could provide effective and reliable associated tracks for the next step of registration.

线性自抗扰控制系统的稳定性分析方法

针对二阶线性系统和二阶线性自抗扰控制,提出了基于误差的稳定性分析方法。该方法通过观测误差、跟踪误差状态量建立闭环系统状态空间模型,借助状态空间模型的特征值分析闭环系统的收敛性,并运用李雅普诺夫法判断系统的稳定性。与基于劳斯判据的稳定性分析方法相比较,二者的分析结论一致,算例和仿真结果验证了所提方法的简单性和有效性。此外,通过仿真和蒙特卡洛实验验证了自抗扰控制相比于PID控制在跟踪性能、抗扰能力和鲁棒性等方面的优势。

Approximation-error-ADP-based optimal tracking control for chaotic systems with convergence proof

In this paper, an optimal tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of discrete-time chaotic systems using the approximation-error-based adaptive dynamic programming （ADP） algorithm. Via the system transformation, the optimal tracking problem is transformed into an optimal regulation problem, and then the novel optimal tracking control method is proposed. It is shown that for the iterative ADP algorithm with finite approximation error, the iterative performance index functions can converge to a finite neighborhood of the greatest lower bound of all performance index functions under some convergence conditions. Two examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed optimal tracking control scheme for chaotic systems.

基于漏斗函数双电机伺服系统跟踪与同步控制

针对双电机驱动伺服系统具有未知非线性的问题,提出一种基于漏斗函数的跟踪与同步控制方案。首先,利用神经网络逼近和补偿复杂的非线性,在此基础上,引入滤波技术解决传统反步控制的“计算爆炸”问题,同时引入非光滑漏斗误差面确保系统的状态量被约束在预定义的漏斗边界内,结合改进的漏斗函数和反步设计技术设计了一种自适应量化漏斗跟踪控制方案。为了同时保证双电机的同步运行,同步控制器采用了平均偏差耦合策略,实现了双电机伺服系统的跟踪与同步控制。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现对负载的跟踪以及双电机的同步。

基于PSO-BP神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪

针对分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪精度差、耗时较长的问题,研究基于粒子群算法-反向传播(particle swarm optimization-back propagation,PSO-BP)神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪方法,以提升视觉反馈跟踪效果。依据分拣机器人的视觉反馈信息,建立分拣机器人运动学模型,并求解分拣机器人机械臂输出位置和输入位置的误差函数;利用PSO算法优化BP神经网络的权值与偏置;在权值与偏置优化后的BP神经网络内,输入误差函数,预测分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量;利用预测视觉反馈跟踪控制量,在线调整增量式比例-积分-微分(proportional-integral-derivative,PID)的参数,输出高精度的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量,实现分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可有效视觉反馈跟踪分拣机器人机械臂的关节角;存在干扰情况下,在运行时间为10 s左右时,阶跃响应趋于稳定;有干扰情况下,视觉反馈跟踪的平均误差为0.09 cm,耗时平均值为0.10 ms;无干扰情况下,平均误差为0.03 cm,耗时平均值为0.04 ms。

基于领航-跟随法的多机器人编队控制

编队控制是多机器人系统研究的核心问题之一,具有广泛的研究价值。针对编队问题,通过对轮式差分驱动机器人运动模型进行分析,并设计相应的控制器。在传统的领航-跟随模型上,引入“虚拟机器人”,将跟随者机器人对领航者机器人的轨迹跟踪转换为跟随者对“虚拟领航者”的轨迹跟踪。首先,预设定实际领航者机器人的行进路径,由实际领航者引导运动方向的运动轨迹被视为主轨迹,虚拟机器人通过数据产生参考点从而生成参考轨迹,跟随者机器人通过对参考轨迹的跟踪与“虚拟领航者”构成轨迹误差跟踪系统。然后通过Lyapunov的控制理论验证控制器的理论可行性,最后在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台进行实验,通过改变控制参数来使机器人形成相应的期望队形,在较短的时间内,跟随机器人对参考轨迹的跟踪误差趋向于0且速度收敛,验证了编队系统的可行性。

基于病毒溯源优化思想的元启发式优化算法

为提高当前元启发式算法的优化精度和收敛性能,模拟病毒溯源过程的优化思想,文章提出一种元启发式病毒溯源多目标优化算法。给出更早感染者、最早感染者、误差最优解和算法性能评价指标的定义,构造追踪方向、追踪指令和追踪范围启发式更新算法,建立具有目标偏好的感染度函数,由此设计具有快速精准搜索能力的启发式追踪算子和筛查算子。通过17个单目标和多目标测试函数优化实验验证了所提算法在优化精度、优化速度和平均误差上均优于参与比较的其他6个元启发式算法,为复杂优化问题的求解提供了一种新的有效方法。

基于PREF的扫描磁铁电源设计与实现

PREF装置是中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所与近代物理研究所联合设计建造的10~60 MeV质子同步加速器,属于国内唯一的位移损伤效应模拟试验专用装置。针对该装置的扫描磁铁电源输出电流频率200 Hz、跟踪误差小于≤±5×10^(-3)的技术要求,采用三组H桥串联拓扑方案,通过移相控制,基于脉宽调制实现技术要求。经仿真与测试结果表明:电源能够输出峰-峰值为±420 A,幅值与频率均连续可调的高精度三角波电流,满足工程应用要求。

2022年西北太平洋和南海台风预报精度评定

评定2022年西北太平洋和南海台风业务定位定强、路径和强度预报精度,结果表明:2022年,官方台风预报机构的定位误差与台风强度等级呈负相关;中国气象局中央气象台在各强度等级的定位平均误差最小,全年定位平均误差(15.4 km)较2021年(19.7 km)减小21.8%,定强平均绝对误差(1.3 m·s^(-1))较2021年(1.4 m·s^(-1))略减小。主观预报和客观预报方法的路径预报平均误差较2021年普遍有所减小,而强度预报平均绝对误差较2021年普遍有所增大。SSTC、CMA-TRAMS和ECMWF-IFS路径预报技巧评分相对较高。NCEP-GFS、JMA-GSM、CMA-TRAMS和CMA-TYM强度预报系统性偏差不明显,NCEP-GFS、HWRF和CMA-TRAMS强度预报技巧评分相对较高。

基于遥测姿态变换的外测数据跟踪部位修正方法

外测数据跟踪部位修正对于飞行器飞行试验的高精度轨迹参数获取有着重要意义.提出一种基于飞行器遥测姿态数据和粗略轨迹参数的跟踪部位修正新方法,利用遥测姿态数据确定惯导平台中心与跟踪部位轨迹参数的变换关系,进而由粗略轨迹参数推算惯导平台中心与跟踪部位测距、径向速度、方位角和俯仰角的差异值,实现跟踪部位修正量的准确计算.采用误差传播法对粗略轨迹误差影响下的跟踪部位修正精度进行理论分析,验证了该修正方法在实际应用中的有效性.进一步通过仿真实验和实装实验检验了修正精度.结果表明跟踪部位修正量的计算误差远小于外测系统的精度指标要求,有重要的实际应用价值.