A MEO Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System Constellation Scheme for China

A medium earth orbit （MEO） tracking and data relay satellite system （TDRSS） constellation scheme for China is proposed. This system consists of MEO satellite constellation, inter-satellite links （ISLs） and terrestrial gateway station, which can provide continuous bidirectional data transmission links between low altitude spacecrafls and the terrestrial gateway station in China. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed constellation can cover the global low altitude space sphere and earth surface of China continuously, and has a preferable practical perspective.

A preliminary study of level 1A data processing of a low-low satellite to satellite tracking mission

With the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment {GRACE） mission as the prime example, an overview is given on the management and processing of Level IA data of a low-low satellite to satellite tracking mission. To illustrate the underlying principle and algorithm, a detailed study is made on the K-band ranging （KBR） assembly, which includes the measurement principles, modeling of noises, the generation of Level 1A data from that of Level 0 as well as Level IA to Level IB data processing.

Comparison Between Computer Simulation of Transport and Diffusion of Cloud Seeding Material Within Stratiform Cloud and the NOAA-14 Satellite Cloud Track

A precipitation enhancement operation using an aircraft was conducted from 1415 to 1549 LST 14 March 2000 in Shaanxi Province. The NOAA-14 satellite data received at 1535 LST soon after the cloud seeding shows that a vivid cloud track appears on the satellite image. The length, average width and maximum width of the cloud track are 301 km, 8.3 and 11 km, respectively. Using a three-dimensional numerical model of transport and diffusion of seeding material within stratiform clouds, the spatial concentration distribution characteristics of seeding material at different times, especially at the satellite receiving time, are simulated. The model results at the satellite receiving time are compared with the features of the cloud track. The transported position of the cloud seeding material coincides with the position of the track. The width, shape and extent of diffusion of the cloud seeding material are similar to that of the cloud track. The spatial variation of width is consistent with that of the track. The simulated length of each segment of the seeding line accords with the length of every segment of the track. Each segment of the cloud track corresponds to the transport and diffusion of each segment of the seeding line. These results suggest that the cloud track is the direct physical reflection of cloud seeding at the cloud top. The comparison demonstrates that the numerical model of transport and diffusion can simulate the main characteristics of transport and diffusion of seeding material, and the simulated results are sound and trustworthy. The area, volume, vidth, depth, and lateral diffusive rate corresponding to concentrations 1, 4, and 10 L-1are simulated in order to understand the variations of influencing range.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Light and Microwave Switches Based on Wavelength Selective Switch for Future Satellite Networks

A hybrid switching node structure with light and microwave links is proposed, which is applicable to the future data relay satellite systems, aiming at the development trend of coexistence of light- link and microwave-link in the future. An experimental system for the light and microwave hybrid switching node based on wavelength selective optical switches (WSS) and optical transceiver modules, is established. It is shown by our experiment that this hybrid switching node can realize the dynamic bandwidth allocation and wavelength routing while the bit error rate of light link is less than 10?12, which provides a method for solving the hybrid switching problem of light-link and microwave-link on the future data relay satellite systems.

Zenith Pass Problem of Inter-satellite Linkage Antenna Based on Program Guidance Method

While adopting an elevation-over-azimuth architecture by an inter-satellite linkage antenna of a user satellite, a zenith pass problem always occurs when the antenna is tracing the tracking and data relay satellite （TDRS）. This paper deals with this problem by way of, firstly, introducing movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage to predict the movement of the user satellite antenna followed by analyzing the potential pass moment and the actual one of the zenith pass in detail. A number of specific orbit altitudes for the user satellite that can remove the blindness zone are obtained. Finally, on the base of the predicted results from the movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage, the zenith pass tracing strategies for the user satellite antenna are designed under the program guidance using a trajectory preprocessor. Simulations have confirmed the reasonability and feasibility of the strategies in dealing with the zenith pass problem.

Comparison between several satellite constellation schemes for MEO-TDRSS of China

The satellite constellation classes, which are suitable for the medium earth orbit tracking and data relay satellite system （MEO-TDRSS） of China, are investigated. On the basis of the functionality and the traffic distribution characteristic of MEO-TDRSS, the coverage performance and inter-satellite link properties of four different constellation schemes are compared by simulations. Simulation results indicate that the rosette and common-track constellations, whose satellites are distributed on the celestial sphere more uniformly, are appropriate for the implementation of MEO-TDRSS of China.

中继卫星空间静态波束的构建方法

通过空间静态波束的广域覆盖,中继卫星测控服务的时效性及多目标能力将得到有效提升。对中继卫星空间静态波束的构建方法进行了研究,在数字波束形成原理基础上,基于中继卫星相控阵天线和多个地面返向波束计算单元,实现了空间静态波束形成。最后对空间静态波束构型进行仿真分析,从不同波束交叠和不同空间高度2个角度分别开展。结果表明,在工程应用中须对卫星波束覆盖和地面返向波束计算单元数量进行折中考虑,最大化发挥中继卫星空间静态波束的性能优势。

天基为主的空间站测控通信模式

空间站时代为测控(TT&C)通信系统带来保障时间更长、覆盖要求更高、数据传输能力更强、航天员在轨工作生活体验更好等新的挑战,结合中继卫星系统(TDRSS)、卫星导航系统等天基测控通信手段的能力特点,提出以天基手段为主的解决方案,采用多星多舱段接力模式,将航天员出舱等重大活动的测控通信覆盖率提升至接近100%,采用多星多目标工作模式,较好地保障各种交会对接模式,综合利用中继卫星S频段多址(SMA)链路连续业务、短报文业务和北斗短报文业务常态化保障空间站安全运行,应用天地一体网络化技术,为航天员在轨上网、天地通信和载荷实验数据传输提供优质服务。

CSK调制信号的跟踪方法

CSK调制信号能够满足GNSS厘米级高精度服务的高信息速率播发需求,正受到广泛关注。针对CSK调制信号只能用于播发数据,而不能用于提供测量观测量的问题,对CSK调制信号的跟踪方法进行了研究。通过权衡性能和实现复杂度,提出了两种跟踪方法,方法一跟踪精度高但实现复杂度高,方法二以损失跟踪精度为代价降低了实现复杂度。理论和仿真分析结果表明,所提方法一在CSK调制信号载噪比高于40 dB-Hz时,可提供与BPSK信号相当的跟踪性能。方法二相比方法一所需相关器资源降低一半,性能损失约4 dB。论文的研究成果可为CSK调制信号在GNSS高精度信号体制中的应用提供支持。

Design of THz Space Application System

Two kinds of space applications of THz band are proposed. A novel method for the THz band signal propagation in the satellite-earth link is studied in order to overcome the huge loss in the atmosphere. The THz signal should be transformed to Ka band by data processor on satellite, and then be transmitted to the earth station in order to avoid the THz loss in the atmosphere. The design can realize at least 10 Gbps space communication or data relay. Furthermore, three aspects of challenges in THz band are analyzed.

中继卫星终端相控阵天线自跟踪算法设计与性能分析

针对飞行器与中继卫星之间建立全球实时通信数据链的需求,开展了飞行器二维有源相控阵天线自跟踪技术研究。结合载体坐标系,对自跟踪算法原理进行了分析,给出了计算公式,并完成了二维相控阵天线跟踪系统设计与实现。仿真和系统测试表明,跟踪算法静态角跟踪误差≤0.25°,角速度≤25°/s时,跟踪算法能正常工作,且在阵元失效率≤20%时性能保持不变。

载人航天天基测控通信探析

梳理了国内外空间站天基测控通信应用的概况,针对近地载人航天对测控通信系统的高要求,分析提出中继卫星系统的发展建议,以及导航卫星和低轨卫星星座系统的特点优势。调整中继卫星轨位、增加中继激光链路、采用全景波束全时监控模式,以及导航卫星和低轨卫星星座作为必要补充等途径,可为载人航天测控通信提供更好的灵活性、可用性和效费比。为载人航天天基测控通信发展提供了参考依据。

中继卫星对目标的跟踪规律研究

分别导出跟踪与数据中继卫星对中（低）轨道航天器以及地面站的跟踪规律，利用该规律可确定中继卫星大型机动天线相对于轨道坐标系的期望跟踪角和跟踪角速度，进而可用于卫星系统的跟踪和指向控制律设计，最后给出数值算例以验证导出规律的正确性。

用户星对中继卫星的跟踪规律研究

根据中继卫星系统中用户星跟踪中继卫星的要求 ,定义了用户星天线坐标系 ,推导出了用户星天线对中继卫星的跟踪规律。通过该跟踪规律可以推出用户星天线跟踪中继卫星的跟踪角度、角速度和角加速度。同时 ,在给定系统一定初始条件的情况下 ,利用该跟踪规律分别推出了用户星最大跟踪角度和角速度与用户星轨道高度和用户星轨道倾角之间的关系。最后利用 STK(Satellite Tool Kit)对该跟踪规律进行了间接验证。

中继卫星调度问题的CSP模型

中继卫星在地球同步静止轨道上运行,既能直视中、低轨道用户航天器,又能直视地面站,是沟通用户航天器与地面站的桥梁。中继卫星调度问题是一类非常重要的调度问题。基于约束满足理论,通过分析中继卫星调度问题的特点与约束条件,建立了中继卫星调度问题的CSP模型。利用卫星工具箱STK进行模拟仿真,对CSP模型进行了求解。结果表明,所建立的CSP模型是合理的。

星间激光链路数据中继技术研究进展

基于高性能激光链路构建高速安全的数据中继卫星系统可为不同轨道、不同功能的对地观测卫星和用户航天器提供大容量、无缝隙的数据中继服务,在军事和民用领域均具有广泛的应用前景。以欧洲为代表的发达国家相继开展了星间激光链路数据中继技术的理论研究和星上演示验证,并启动了相应的工程验证计划。综述了国内外星间激光链路数据中继技术的研究现状,对几种典型激光链路数据中继卫星系统,着重研究了系统结构、激光终端及模拟验证实验。最后,分析了数据中继卫星激光链路组网中着重关注的几个方向。

中继卫星单址链路调度模型与算法研究

中继卫星的任务规划与调度是空间资源管理的重要内容之一,目的在于为中继卫星系统的任务计划编制提供科学合理的决策手段与依据。中继卫星单址链路调度问题的重要特点在于,中继卫星与用户航天器之间并非时时可见,因此通信任务存在可见时间窗口约束。只有在可见时间窗口内,通信任务才可能执行并完成。在进行合理假设的基础上,建立中继卫星单址链路调度问题的约束规划模型。对基本遗传算法进行改进,提出了基于有效基因路径表示的改进遗传算法。应用结果表明,基于约束规划理论建立中继卫星单址链路调度模型并采用基于有效基因路径表示的遗传算法求解是合理的。

中继卫星资源调度问题研究现状与展望

随着跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)的发展以及中继应用需求的增加,其资源调度成为决定系统性能的关键因素之一。分析了包括描述方法、活动与资源、约束条件等在内的中继卫星资源调度问题基本内涵,研究了目前中继卫星资源调度的数学模型和实现算法,比较了不同数学模型和实现算法的优缺点。针对未来卫星激光和微波链路联合组网的发展趋势,提出了基于多终端-多节点及基于资源故障的激光/微波混合链路中继卫星资源调度的基本方法。

激光链路中继卫星系统网络设计及性能分析

随着卫星激光通信技术的发展,激光链路中继卫星系统将成为未来天基信息系统的骨干网。首先设计了一种"2颗国土星+2颗境外星"的网络架构,然后借助地面程控交换技术分析方法,定义了光网络性能指标,最后仿真了激光链路中继卫星系统的网络性能。仿真结果表明,当每颗用户卫星通信业务量为0.2 Erl、接入损失概率要求不大于0.2、链路利用率不小于0.6的情况下,激光链路中继卫星系统的12条接入链路可以支持50颗用户卫星接入。

大型无人直升机电力线路巡检系统实用化

大型无人机(unmannedhelicopter,UAV)巡检系统在电网运行检测、灾害应急勘测领域具有良好的应用前景,但现有巡检系统在实用化方面存在一些问题和局限性,需要进一步深化研究。论文系统提出了大型无人直升机电力巡检技术研究、装备研制和示范应用方面的实用化目标和策略,开展了国产Z-5型无人直升机飞行平台、无人直升机测控通信系统和任务载荷系统实用化的研究,采用卫星中继通信技术解决无人直升机长距离巡检通信问题,研制了一体化、全自动电力巡检光电吊舱。研制的新一代大型无人直升机巡检系统在南方地区沿海、山区、冰区、平原、雨雾、高海拔乃至夜间等多种典型复杂环境下进行了示范应用,累计已巡检110~500 kV线路30余条,46架次,巡线里程超过1340 km,单架次巡检线路长度超过60 km、飞行时间达3 h,巡检系统环境适应性、巡检效率和可靠性显著提高,基本达到实用化水平。