Exploration of the Construction of Economic Service Trade System under the Background of Hainan Free Trade Port

China has a large population,a large middle-income group,and a wide consumer market coverage.In the context of economic globalization,the connection between the Chinese economy and the world industrial chain has been further strengthened,contributing to the development of the global economy.Under the background of the Hainan Free Trade Port,building an economic service trade system will help to create a new highland for economic service trade,promote the development of China’s service trade,and facilitate the rational allocation of resources on a global scale.Because of this,the article will analyze the opportunities for building an economic service trade system and the challenges of building an economic service trade system under the background of Hainan Free Trade Port,and focus on analyzing the path strategies for building an economic service trade system to create a high-level new highland of service trade and actively face the challenges of era development and economic upgrading[1].

China Foreign Exchange Trade System Opens in Shanghai

The China Foreign Exchange Trade System, the only national foreign exchange trading institution in China, officially opened for business at 15 Shanghai Bund, Shanghai, on April 18 this year. It marked the start of the first market prices for foreign exchange in the country. The opening of the system means that the relationship between

US“Minilateralism”and Its Effort to Reshape the Global Economic and Trade System

In recent years, the US has sought to foster a “minilateral” economic and trade system to have a firm grip on the power of rules-making in global economic competition. With the gradual expansion of American minilateralism, China is facing institutional challenges arising from the reshaping of global rules. While critically learning from some US practices, China needs to create international rules in line with its own interests and put itself at the forefront of global economic development trends.

Security Communication Model of Wireless Trade System

This paper proposes a C/S system model for K-Java and PDA named Net-Wireless.It is a discussion and proposal on information security and solutions for R-Java handsets and PDAsin wireless network. It also explains the scheme which between client security module and serversecurity module. Also, We have developed a Security Server and a K-Java encryption module fore-commerce system and other trade systems.

The Securitization of US Trade Policy and Its Impact on the World Trade System

Since Biden took office,the US’foreign trade policy has demonstrated a dual focus.On the one side,it continued and stepped up the trade restriction policies against China under the Trump administration,particularly the crackdown on Chinese technology enterprises;on the other hand,it eased the strained economic and trade relations during the Trump era with its allies and partner countries.

The Influence of the Implementation of Trade Facilitation Systems on the Time Required for Creating Delivery Orders: A Case Study of Tema Port

This study evaluated the impact of Ghana’s Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS), implemented within the National Single Window initiative, on the efficiency of issuing Delivery Orders (DO) at Tema Port. Filling a gap in the existing literature, the research employed a quantitative approach to assess a specific time-related aspect of the cargo clearance process. Employing an Independent t-test on a dataset spanning 2026 Delivery Orders (924 pre-ICUMS and 1102 post-ICUMS) from July 2020 to July 2023, the study investigated ICUMS’s effectiveness in reducing DO issuance time. Results indicate a noteworthy decrease in average DO issuance time, from 11 days pre-implementation to approximately 9 days post-implementation, a reduction validated by statistical analysis through the independent t-test. In light of these findings, the study recommends ongoing refinement of the implementation, reinforcement of trade facilitation measures, and the adoption of best practices from successful global ports. Continuous stakeholder training and regular assessments of ICUMS performance are also endorsed. The study’s implications support the theoretical framework for Single Window systems and carry significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to streamline trade facilitation processes driven by Information Technology. Practically, the results serve as a management tool for stakeholders, highlighting areas for targeted interventions to reduce DO issuance times. Methodologically, this research contributes by applying robust statistical analysis to a specific component within the Time Release Study framework, offering a nuanced understanding of trade facilitation systems’ effectiveness in improving cargo clearance processes.

Current Statistics System Fails to Reflect New Changes in International Trade Activities

Today developed countries mainly participate in international trade via their foreign affiliates and intermediate goods are more frequently traded as a result of increasingly deepening international divisions of labour.Against this background,the current trade statistical system that is characterized by the statistical principle of cross-border trade and production,and the custom’s registration data collection method,greatly exaggerate the trade imbalance between China and America. Consequently,it is necessary for the Chinese nation to overcome the shortcomings of the current statistical system so as to evaluate more fairly the trade imbalance between China and America by referring to the Ownership-Based Framework of the complimentary statistical system under the US Current Account.This article, on the basis of the statistical principle of oumership,attempts to regulate the distorted trade imbalance resulting from the current trade statistical system,and aims for an increased understanding of the trade imbalance between China and America from a theoretical background,as well as from the points of view of practitioners and decision makers.

Achievements and Problems of Reform of Investment Management System for Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone

The establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone provides many possibilities for China's economic construction. This paper made a comparative analysis on investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and traditional investment management system,discussed achievements and problems of reform of investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone,and finally came up with pertinent policy recommendations.

Evolution of the global polyethylene waste trade system

Introduction:China’s import bans on solid wastes starting from 2017 have challenged the global trade system of plastic wastes,which remains poorly characterized.This study chooses polyethylene(PE)as a case and aims to map out the global trade networks of PE waste(GPETN)from 1976 to 2017.Outcomes:We find that the size and complexity of the GPETN had been growing until 2016.After the mid-1990s,PE waste basically flowed from developed economies,mainly the EU and the US,to developing economies such as China.Since 2001 when admitted into the WTO,China’s PE waste import surged until 2014 when it absorbed over 60%of global export.Regulations on solid waste import following the Green Fence campaign in 2013 resulted in substantial reductions in China’s import as well as the global export of PE waste after 2014.Several other developing economies,such as Malaysia,Turkey,and Vietnam,had transitioned to net importers,but their imports were insufficient to replace China as new recycling bases for PE waste.Conclusion:The results highlight the urgent need of a joint effort for developed and developing countries to build a stronger global circular economy system with sufficient capacity to treat PE waste locally.

Improved method for subsystems performance trade-off in system-of-systems oriented design of UAV swarms

For the rapidly developing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm,the system-of-systems(SoS)oriented design is a prospective conceptual design methodology due to the competence for complex mission requirements and subsystems interactions.In the SoS oriented design,the subsystems performance trade-off is the basis of design decisions.In the trade-off for surveillance missions,most previous works do not consider track reporting and mainly focus on the design of platforms.An improved method for the subsystems performance trade-off in the SoS oriented UAV swarm design is proposed.Within an improved design framework with subsystems disaggregation,this method is characterized by treating platforms,sensors,and communications as equally important subsystems,integrating operational strategies into the trade-off,and enabling the trade-off for track reporting.Those advantages are achieved by a behavior-based modular model structure for agent-based operational modeling and simulation.In addition,a method of analyzing the bounds of the communication range is also presented.Simulation experiments are conducted by using precision-based simulation replication rules and surrogate modeling methods.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,and show that the configuration of area partitioning changes the trade space of subsystems performances,indicating the necessity of integrating operational strategies into the conceptual design.

China-US Trade Balance under the Ownership-based Statistical System

In the context of economic globalization,territory-based bilateral trade statistics are no longer compatible with the reality of cross-border flow of capital factor and rapid emergence of multinational firms.On the basis of survey of literature studies,this paper has created a three-country model of bilateral trade based on ownership principle and demonstrated that ownership-based statistical system under this model can reflect bilateral trade volume and balance more objectively,truthfully and comprehensively.In addition to theoretical demonstration,this paper has revaluated China-US trade balance using ownership-based statistical methodology and the result indicates that the existing statistical system of trade severely overestimates the real level of China-US trade balance and FDI in China is a major reason behind increasing China-US trade surplus.

Neo-merchantalism： Open Trade, Open Currency, and Open Monetary System？

Neo-merchantalism is the use of national currency in international trade among countries to increase global trade. This is called as open currency in the study. Neo-merchantalism also includes open trade to facilitate trade among countries. Thirdly, neo-merchantalism covers International Monetary Fund （IMF）. Because IMF regulates and controls money flow among countries in international trade, neo-merchantalism could be presented as follows： neo-merchantalism = open trade ＋ open currency ＋ IMF. Open trade and open currency exist in merchantalism theory. But today, there is also IMF control. Therefore, neo-merchantalism = merchantalism ＋ IMF. Globalism started in 1990 in global markets. It increased the amount of global trade from 13 trillion dollars to 60 trillion dollars. Therefore, each country has 6%-7% economic growth in global markets in the 2000s. It is expected that neo-merchantalism theory doubles global trade up to 100 trillion dollars. Because each country uses its money to do intemational trade, IMF＇s restrictions are important in currency flow, as countries may overprint their money to do more trade that increases inflation rate in global economies. For example, emission of United States （US） dollars increased 50% after 2008 crises in American economy. Therefore, the Federal Reserve aims to stop quantitative enlargement policy in order to impede inflation in American economy. In neo-merchantalism, IMF can restrict money print and currency flow according to country＇s gross domestic product （GDP）, because quantity theory in economy requires that a country can issue its national currency according to its national GDP.

VIGOROUSLY CARRYING OUT FOREIGN TRADE AGENCY SYSTEM

Voices are growing louder and louder,calling for vigorously carryingout the foreign trade agency system in China’s foreign economic andtrade field.Vice Premier Li Lanqing in charge of foreign trade andeconomic cooperation has pointed out many times recently that theoperational mode of foreign trade should be transferred from thetraditional purchase system to service-type agency system.This isimportant to deepening the reform of the foreign trade system.

On Protection System of the Domestic Trade Name Rights

商号一直是我国知识产权保护的弱点,但商号在我国有着广泛的应用,并且具有巨大的商业利益,因此,我国的商号保护制度需要加强和改进。本文主要从商号的保护重要性和商号保护的具体措施的改进进行论述。

Scaling up private investment in low-carbon energy systems through regional cooperation: Effective trade policy measures

How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.

China's Foreign Trade Enterprises and Modern Enterprise System

Foreign trade enterprises in China are now reviving up their efforts in transforming their foreign trade operational mechanism in line with the requirements of a socialist market economic structure, and State enterprises are being restructured into modern enterprises. Over the past few years, Chinese foreign trade enterprises have undergone progressively deepening reform, changing from carrying out State mandatory planning during the early days of reform into self-governing and profit-

Presenting Knowledge System of International Trade Terms in Business English Learners＇ Dictionaries

Dictionaries should present business encyclopedic knowledge as well as business linguistic knowledge. This paper, taking Incoterms for international trade as an example （with ＂CIF＂ as the case for analysis）, introduces 7 types of dictionary structures （overall structure, frame stzucture/megastrncture, macrostructure, microstzucture, distribution structure, cross-reference stzucture/mediostrncture and access structure）, summarizes the knowledge system of international trade terms （consisting of ＂international trade＂, ＂sets of rules of international trade terms＂, ＂Incoterms 2010＂, and ＂CIF＂）, and illustrates the methods of systematically presenting the knowledge system of international trade terms through dictionary structures in an English-English-Chinese bilingualized business English learners＇ dictionary with Oxford Business English Dictionary for Learners of English （New Edition） as a reference. Such presentation is intended for enhancing business English learners as dictionary users to grasp the knowledge of international trade terms as a whole.

THE SYSTEM OF REGISTERING AT THE CUSTOMS FOR THE RECORD BUILT UP IN FREE TRADE ZONES

With a view to accelerating the construction and development of the free trade zones and the foreign trade business of enterprises within the said zones, and making entering or leaving the zones convenient for those enterprises; the Customs shall in accordance with the newly promulgated regulations as stipulated in Supervising Measures of the Customs in Free Trade Zones require that consigness, consignors or their agents register for the record their car.

Analysis on the Technical Standardization System of Juvenile Product in Europe and the United States of America and Strategies of Technical Measures of Trade

China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile products in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile products exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.

On the legal systems of the overseas trade in the Song Dynasty

The golden period of the development of China＇s overseas trades is most significant in the Song Dynasty, which established the legal mechanisms of the overseas trades with the perfect systems. These legal regulations made clear the subjects of the overseas trade to a large extent, stipulated the procedures for the overseas trade, and at the same time, established the related legal liabilities and regulation means and methods of the governments. Although it met the huge demands of the development of the foreign trade, and had brought the economic income for the governments, yet because the governments had adopted the strict control measures, to a certain extent, it also restricted the rapid development of the foreign trade. This paper starts from the analysis of the legal subjects of the overseas trade in the Song Dynasty, and conducted the specific analysis of the trade procedures and other related contents of the legal systems of the overseas trade in the Song Dynasty.