Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the Loess Plateau,China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

Temporal and spatial variation and prediction of water yield and water conservation in the Bosten Lake Basin based on the PLUS-InVEST model

To comprehensively evaluate the alterations in water ecosystem service functions within arid watersheds,this study focused on the Bosten Lake Basin,which is situated in the arid region of Northwest China.The research was based on land use/land cover(LULC),natural,socioeconomic,and accessibility data,utilizing the Patch-level Land Use Simulation(PLUS)and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)models to dynamically assess LULC change and associated variations in water yield and water conservation.The analyses included the evaluation of contribution indices of various land use types and the investigation of driving factors that influence water yield and water conservation.The results showed that the change of LULC in the Bosten Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020 showed a trend of increasing in cultivated land and construction land,and decreasing in grassland,forest,and unused land.The unused land of all the three predicted scenarios of 2030(S1,a natural development scenario;S2,an ecological protection scenario;and S3,a cultivated land protection scenario)showed a decreasing trend.The scenarios S1 and S3 showed a trend of decreasing in grassland and increasing in cultivated land;while the scenario S2 showed a trend of decreasing in cultivated land and increasing in grassland.The water yield of the Bosten Lake Basin exhibited an initial decline followed by a slight increase from 2000 to 2020.The areas with higher water yield values were primarily located in the northern section of the basin,which is characterized by higher altitude.Water conservation demonstrated a pattern of initial decrease followed by stabilization,with the northeastern region demonstrating higher water conservation values.In the projected LULC scenarios of 2030,the estimated water yield under scenarios S1 and S3 was marginally greater than that under scenario S2;while the level of water conservation across all three scenarios remained rather consistent.The results showed that Hejing County is an important water conservation function zone,and the eastern part of the Xiaoyouledusi Basin is particularly important and should be protected.The findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for advancing sustainable development in arid watersheds and facilitating efficient water resource management.

Spatio-temporal evolution analysis of landscape pattern and habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 based on InVEST model

Habitat quality is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of ecosystem.The Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in the ecological protection of the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin.To comprehensively analysis the alterations of habitat quality in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin,this study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to calculate the habitat quality index and analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality in the study area from 2000 to 2022,and calculated seven landscape pattern indices(number of patches,patch density,largest patch index(LPI),landscape shape index(LSI),contagion index(CONTAG),Shannon diversity index,and Shannon evenness index)to research the variation of landscape pattern in the study area.The results showed that the number of patches,patch density,LPI,LSI,Shannon diversity index,and Shannon evenness index increased from 2000 to 2022,while the CONTAG decreased,indicating that the landscape pattern in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin changed in the direction of distribution fragmentation,shape complexity,and heterogeneity.The average value of the habitat quality index in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 was 0.90.Based on the value of habitat quality index,we divided the level of habitat quality into five categories:lower(0.00-0.20),low(0.20-0.40),moderate(0.40-0.60),high(0.60-0.80),and higher(0.80-1.00).Most areas were at the higher habitat quality level.The lower habitat quality patches were mainly distributed in Longyang Gorge and Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley.From 2000 to 2022,the habitat quality in most areas was stable;the increase areas were mainly distributed in Guinan County,while the decrease areas were mainly distributed in Xining City,Maqen County,Xinghai County,Qumarleb County,and Darlag County.To show the extent of habitat quality variation,we calculated Sen index.The results showed that the higher habitat quality area had a decrease trending,while other categories had an increasing tendency,and the decreasing was faster than increasing.The research results provide scientific guidance for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Qinghai Province section of the Yellow River Basin.

基于InVEST与CA-Markov模型的宝鸡市碳储量时空演变与预测

土地利用类型的变化是影响陆地生态系统碳储量变化的重要因素,分析区域未来土地利用格局对碳储量的影响、对维持碳平衡具有重要意义.基于宝鸡市2000—2020年土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型和CA-Markov模型,对2000—2020年宝鸡市不同土地利用类型碳储量的变化特征进行分析,并对2030年不同情景下宝鸡市土地利用变化及碳储量变化情况进行了预测.研究表明:①2000—2020年宝鸡市建设用地面积不断增加,耕地、林地和草地为主要土地利用类型.②2000—2020年,宝鸡市碳储量共损失0.42×10^(6)t,耕地和林地面积减少是其碳储量减少的主要原因.③2020—2030年自然发展情景下宝鸡市碳储量损失最多,耕地保护情景和生态保护情景下宝鸡市碳储量相差不大,控制城市扩张情景下宝鸡市碳储量损失最少、固碳能力最强.因此,未来进行国土空间规划时,可统筹考虑控制城市扩张情景、生态保护情景和耕地保护情景,以确保在粮食供给和生态安全的基础上,提高研究区的碳储量.

基于InVEST模型的宁夏地区生境质量时空演变特征

选取宁夏地区2000,2010和2020年3期土地利用变化数据,运用InVEST模型及ArcGIS软件,分析其土地利用类型和生境质量的时空演变特征与影响因素.结果表明,20年间宁夏土地利用类型变化趋势为:耕地、草地、裸地呈缩减态势,林地、水体、城镇用地呈增长态势;宁夏的土地利用类型变化是多种因素共同作用的结果;宁夏全域的生境质量水平在20年间维持在中等水平.生境质量水平高的区域集中分布在林地、草地及水体区域,生境质量水平低的区域集中分布在各市主城区.城镇化快速、人口密集、道路硬质化高、绿化率低和交通可达性高以及相关政策措施均对宁夏生境质量产生不同程度的影响,呈现出退化的演变趋势;宁夏土地利用类型同生境质量的演变具有明显的相关性.

基于InVEST模型和PLUS模型的三峡库区(重庆段)碳储量时空变化及预测

分析三峡库区(重庆段)近10 a的土地利用类型及碳储量的空间格局,并模拟未来10 a不同情景下土地变化趋势、预测碳储量变化,有利于促进区域土地利用格局的优化、合理生态政策的制定。利用InVEST模型,选取13个驱动因子,分析三峡库区(重庆段)在2010—2020年及不同发展情景下2030年的土地利用变化趋势,并结合PLUS模型评估其碳储量状况。结果表明:①2010—2020年三峡库区(重庆段)土地利用变化主要表现为耕地、草地和湿地向林地、建设用地及水域的快速转移;2010年、2020年碳储量分别为426.89×10^(6)、425.51×10^(6) t,呈下降趋势,总量减少了1.38×10^(6) t;②碳储量分布具有空间分异性,总体表现为西低东高、南低北高、库首>库尾,碳储量空间变化与地类变化具有较高的一致性;土地利用空间格局演变的贡献度最高的驱动因素是社会经济因子,其中人口、GDP最为突出;③到2030年,自然发展情景和城镇发展情景下碳储量分别减少了0.76×10^(6)、8.98×10^(6) t,生态保护情景下增加了3.72×10^(6) t。高碳密度的地类向低碳密度地类转移是导致碳储量减少的主要原因,因此,未来应形成平衡、协调、低碳的土地利用空间格局,规划城市增长边界,重点保障巫山山系、大巴山系、武陵山系等林草高碳储量区,推行尾库区复林复草,保障库区碳汇功能。

基于PLUS-InVEST模型的陕南地区土地利用变化多情景模拟与碳储量评估

在PLUS模型中纳入POI驱动因子并利用LASSO回归进行驱动体系筛选与精度验证,设定自然发展、经济保护与生态保护3种情景,利用筛选后的驱动因子模拟2030年各情景下陕南地区的土地利用格局,利用InVEST模型分析2000—2020年陕南地区碳储量的时空分异特征,探讨不同发展情景下土地利用变化对陕南地区碳储量的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,陕南地区的建设用地面积由23648.49 hm^(2)增长到78000.21 hm^(2),侵占了耕地、林地和草地的生存空间,使其分别减少了39415.05 hm^(2),8787.51 hm^(2)与17476.56 hm^(2),2030年3种发展情景下的建设用地均保持扩张的趋势。(2)在PLUS模型中加入POI驱动因子且利用LASSO算法筛选驱动因子有效提升了模型的精度与运行效率,模型的Kappa系数和OA系数分别提高了2.53%和0.20%,更精准地模拟了建设用地的分布情况。(3)2000—2020年陕南地区碳储量总量呈下降趋势,由2.1887×10^(9)t下降至2.1775×10^(9)t。2030年经济保护情景与自然发展情景的碳储量总量均小于2020年,生态保护情景下的碳储量总量最高,达到了2.1830×10^(9)t。(4)生态保护情景更有利于陕南地区的可持续发展策略,以陕南地区平均碳密度分区分布为基础,可为陕南地区分区发展与区域碳收支平衡提供参考,对未来不同情景下土地利用对区域碳储量的影响和双碳背景下的国土空间规划具有借鉴意义。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Future Scenario Simulation of the Trade-offs and Synergies of Mountain Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Dabie Mountains Area, China

Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in supporting regional sustainable development and improving local ecological environments. However, economic development in mountainous areas has long been lagging, and multiple conflicts related to resource assurance, ecological protection, and economic development have emerged. An accurate grasp of the current status and evolutionary trends of mountain ecosystems is essential to enhance the overall benefits of ecosystem services and maintain regional ecological security. Based on the In VEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services(ES) in the Dabie Mountains Area(DMA) of eastern China. The Markov-PLUS(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation) model was used to conduct a multi-scenario simulation of the area's future development. Water yield(WY) and soil conservation(SC) had overall increasing trends during 2000-2020, carbon storage(CS)decreased overall but slowed with time, and habitat quality(HQ) increased and then decreased. The ecological protection scenario is the best scenario for improving ES in the DMA by 2030;compared to 2020, the total WY would decrease by 3.77 × 10^(8) m^(3), SC would increase by 0.65 × 10^(6) t, CS would increase by 1.33 × 10^(6) t, and HQ would increase by 0.06%. The comprehensive development scenario is the second-most effective scenario for ecological improvement, while the natural development scenario did not have a significant effect. However, as the comprehensive development scenario considers both environmental protection and economic development, which are both vital for the sustainable development of the mountainous areas, this scenario is considered the most suitable path for future development. There are trade-offs between WY, CS, and HQ, while there are synergies between SC, CS, and HQ. Spatially, the DMA's central core district is the main strong synergistic area, the marginal zone is the weak synergistic area, and trade-offs are mainly distributed in the transition zone.

基于PLUS-InVEST模型的呼和浩特市多情景土地利用变化动态模拟及碳储量评估

为探究呼和浩特市土地利用变化对生态系统碳储量的影响,本研究基于InVEST模型与PLUS模型模拟预测呼和浩特市在自然发展、生态保护、耕地保护、城市发展4种情景下的土地利用与碳储量。结果表明:1990-2020年呼和浩特市不透水面、林地、草地、水体等土地利用类型的面积呈增加状态,耕地、裸地、灌木地等土地类型的面积呈减少状态,其中灌木地和裸地的土地转出率较高,分别为93.63%和98.24%。InVEST模型估算结果显示,不透水面不断扩张,侵蚀耕地等高碳密度土地类型,造成呼和浩特市1990-2020年碳储量呈逐年递减趋势。2030年自然发展、生态保护、耕地保护、城市发展情景模拟下的呼和浩特市的碳储量与2020年相比均呈现减少状态,其中耕地保护情景碳储量降幅最小,其次为生态保护情景,说明采取合理的保护措施能够有效抑制碳储量下降。耕地保护情景能够有效减缓城市建筑的扩张趋势,生态保护情景则可有效增加水体、草地等生态类用地面积。研究表明,落实耕地和生态保护政策、优化土地利用结构、提高土地利用效率对呼和浩特市的可持续发展均有重要意义。

基于FLUS和InVEST模型的云贵高原土地利用与生态系统服务时空变化多情景模拟研究

[目的]探讨云贵高原不同情景下的土地利用与生态系统服务时空变化,为云贵高原土地利用空间格局优化、生态系统服务功能提升和可持续发展策略制定提供科学依据。[方法]以云贵高原为研究对象,以2001年、2010年和2020年3期MCD12Q1土地覆被数据为基础数据,辅以自然和社会经济数据,基于ArcGIS,FLUS模型和InVEST模型,模拟2030年、2040年和2050年自然发展情景、生态保护情景和耕地保护情景下的土地利用以及碳储量、产水量和土壤保持量3项生态系统服务功能时空分布格局。[结果](1)不同情景下云贵高原的土地利用变化以林地持续增加和草地持续减少为主要趋势;耕地保护情景下,耕地面积最高可占总面积的10.38%;生态保护情景下,林草面积在2050年可达总面积的90%。(2) 3种情景下,云贵高原2020—2050年碳储量和土壤保持量均呈上升趋势,而产水量呈下降趋势。生态保护情景下,2050年碳储量预测值最高,为8.13×10^(9) t;产水量减少速率显著低于另外两种情景,降幅为0.46%。(3)宜昌市、普洱市和常德市等市州的生态系统服务供给能力较高;而贵阳市、毕节市和安顺市等市州的生态系统服务供给能力较低。[结论]云贵高原2020—2050年整体生态系统服务供给能力较好,各项服务功能在不同情景下表现出较强的空间聚集性和异质性。云贵高原今后的生态系统服务管理和可持续发展中,应考虑不同生态系统服务功能的空间异质性以及林地面积持续增加可能带来的水资源失衡问题。

Optimal Quota-Share and Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance and Investment with Heston’s Stochastic Volatility Model

An optimal quota-share and excess-of-loss reinsurance and investment problem is studied for an insurer who is allowed to invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset.Especially the price process of the risky asset is governed by Heston's stochastic volatility(SV)model.With the objective of maximizing the expected index utility of the terminal wealth of the insurance company,by using the classical tools of stochastic optimal control,the explicit expressions for optimal strategies and optimal value functions are derived.An interesting conclusion is found that it is better to buy one reinsurance than two under the assumption of this paper.Moreover,some numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis are provided.

基于PLUS和InVEST模型的合肥市生态系统碳储量时空演变特征

[目的]为寻求“双碳”目标导向下的合肥市城市发展新方案。[方法]依据合肥市2000-2020年5期土地利用数据,在合肥市国土空间规划指引下,运用PLUS模型模拟得到2035年合肥市土地利用时空演变规律,耦合InVEST模型探究多情景下合肥市碳储量时空变化特征,并进一步挖掘土地综合利用程度对碳储量的影响。[结果](1)2000-2020年合肥市土地利用变化特征主要表现为耕地、林地减少,其中耕地为建设用地扩增主要来源。自然发展和农田资源保护情景的土地变化规律大致相同,主要表现为耕地、林地、水体减少;绿色汇增城市发展情景下,林地相比其余2个情景面积由减少转为增加。(2)2000-2020年合肥市碳储量逐年递减,其中2005-2010年碳损失最为剧烈。到2035年,自然发展情景、农田资源保护情景、绿色汇增城市发展情景碳储量分别为138.96×10^(6),140.13×10^(6),139.81×10^(6) t。农田资源保护情景下,碳储量明显增加区域最低,建设用地扩张减缓;绿色汇增城市发展情景下,林地由碳损失转为碳固持,是最具固碳潜力的发展趋势。(3)绿色汇增城市发展情景土地利用率最高,可有效降低土地综合利用程度对碳储量流失的威胁。[结论]农田资源保护情景与绿色汇增城市发展情景均有助于城市固碳发展,实施生态保护与城市发展并行政策,调整土地综合利用模式有助于改善城市碳流失。

基于InVEST模型的京津冀土地利用变化及碳储量时空分异研究

大气中二氧化碳含量的增加是国际社会广泛关注的环境问题,人类活动改变土地利用格局,而土地利用/覆被(land-use/land-cover,LULC)变化影响陆地生态系统结构、功能及碳循环。本文在全球地表覆盖数据GlobeLand30的支持下分析了2000-2020年京津冀土地利用变化,利用InVEST模型模拟了碳储量时空变化,并结合空间自相关分析技术对其进行了分区研究。结果表明:①2000-2020年京津冀地区耕地和人造地表变化面积最大,分别为减少340222.124 hm^(2)和增加246333.493 hm^(2);②京津冀地区2000、2010和2020年碳储量总值分别为1666.47×10^(6)、1654.63×10^(6)、1632.88×10^(6)t,耕地流失和人造地表扩张是碳储量下降的主要原因;③京津冀碳储量高值主要分布在海拔相对较高的山林地区,低值主要分布在北京市中心、津冀海岸带,以及河北省沧州和唐山的东部南部区域;④局部自相关结果表明,碳储量出现高-高聚集的区域在研究区的北部和西部,在出现低-低聚集的区域中天津市东丽区和河北省邯郸市邯山区呈现出较为明显的弱化趋势。

Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model

The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020,and investigated the main driving factors(precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,land use/land cover change,and inflow from the Ili River)of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression,piecewise linear regression,and Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses.The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020,the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution pattern was"high in the east and low in the west";overall,the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly.The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced,although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River.At the same time,the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas,the improvement of vegetation growth,and the increase of regional evapotranspiration,thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation.The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns;the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta.The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash,promoted vegetation restoration,and had a positive effect on the water conservation;however,this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration.These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD.

基于PLUS和InVEST模型的乌鲁木齐市碳储量时空演变与预测

土地利用变化对陆地生态系统的碳储量变化有着重要影响,研究不同发展情景下陆地生态系用碳储量变化情况,有利于优化空间布局,协调土地利用与生态环境保护的关系。本研究结合PLUS和InVEST模型,通过多种驱动因素数据分析了2000—2020年乌鲁木齐市土地利用的变化特征,以此预测模拟2030年自然发展情景、生态保护优先情景和耕地保护优先情景下土地碳储量。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年乌鲁木齐市林地、水域、建设面积、未利用地数量增加,耕地、草地面积减少。(2)2030年,自然发展情景延续了以往发展模式,建设用地面积增幅为18.29%。生态保护优先情景下,建设用地的扩张速度得到有效控制,增幅已经减缓,为4.73%。耕地保护优先情景下耕地面积比自然发展情景下多了171 km^(2),耕地保护效果显著。(3)2000—2020年,碳储量呈下降趋势,共计减少8.5×10^(6)t。2030年自然发展情景下碳储量总量相较于2020年减少了4.065×10^(6)t,生态保护优先情景下比自然增长情景高7.519×10^(5)t,耕地保护优先情景比自然增长情景低1.979×10^(6)t。因此,在未来乌鲁木齐市发展规划中,应当落实耕地保护责任,控制建设用地向林地、草地等高碳密度用地的扩张,优化用地布局,提高区域碳储量水平。

基于InVEST模型的共和县生境质量时空变化及驱动因素

在新型城镇化背景下,青海省共和县作为兰西城市群建设的关键节点和典型的荒漠生态脆弱区,其经济和生态的协调发展对建设海南州可持续发展议程创新示范区具有重要意义。本研究基于2000年、2010年、2020年三期土地利用数据,利用InVEST模型,对2000—2020年共和县生境质量时空分布及效应变化特征进行探究,进而对生境质量的影响因子及其作用进行地理探测器和局部空间回归。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年共和县生境质量整体呈上升趋势,生境质量均值分别为0.612(2000年)、0.626(2010年)、0.627(2020年),生境质量空间分布存在明显的区域差异,空间格局上呈现北高南低的态势。(2)影响共和县生境质量的主驱动因子为年平均气温(TEM)和归一化植被指数(NDVI),因子间的交互作用对生境质量空间分异的影响大于单一因子,TEM与香农均匀度指数(SHEI)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)交互作用强烈。(3)TEM对生境质量呈负向效应,负向影响区域主要集中在共和北部与东部地区;NDVI呈正向效应,正向影响区域主要集中在共和中部与南部地区;国民生产总值(GDP)对生境质量的正向效应较2000年上升了30%,塔拉滩光伏促进了共和县生态产业协同发展。研究结果可为干旱区推动地方经济建设和生态环境保护提供科学的决策依据。

基于InVEST和PLUS模型下的土地利用变化及生境质量演变分析:以汉中盆地为例

汉中盆地是中国南水北调工程中的重要源头区,分析区内土地利用及生境质量,能提高对该地区演变规律的认识,进一步保护下游研究区的自然资源和生态环境安全。笔者基于2000~2020年20年内共3期土地利用数据,建立了研究区多类型土地利用数据库和生境质量评估体系,从土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量等多个方面对研究区内的土地利用的时空变化进行研究,并利用PLUS模型进行土地利用扩张和预测分析。结果表明:2000~2020年,土地利用类型变化较大,变化转移主要发生在水田和农村居民点用地、城镇用地之间;蔓延度指数逐年减少,景观破碎化程度较高;生境质量结果呈逐年下降趋势,高值面积减少并向南部扩展,低值面积增多并以城镇为中心向外辐射扩散,高等级的生态质量景观由水域和林草为主,主要沿汉江流域分布。

基于InVEST模型和PLUS模型的云贵高原产水量时空变化特征分析

对云贵高原产水量进行定量评估与研究,有利于探究该地区水资源的动态变化、维护该地区的生态安全以及构建该地区的生态平衡,对维持城市水源涵养具有重要的现实意义。本研究利用PLUS模型预测该地区2025与2030年土地利用类型,利用InVEST模型定量估算2000—2030年(以5年为一期)产水量,并对其进行时空分析;剖析了不同土地利用类型及不同坡度等级下的产水量变化情况;利用地理探测器对产水量进行驱动力分析。结果表明:(1)2000—2030年该地区产水总量呈现“下降-升高-下降-升高”的趋势,其产水总量分别是:7.818×10^(7)m^(3)、5.750×10^(7)m^(3)、4.700×10^(7)m^(3)、9.162×10^(7)m^(3)、7.498×10^(7)m^(3)、7.820×10^(7)m^(3)、8.999×10^(7)m^(3);产水量空间分布呈现东南和北部高、中部低特征;(2)未利用地是该地区产水量最高的地类;(3)气象因子的变化是引起云贵高原年产水量变化的主要因素。地理探测器的分析表明降水量、蒸散发量对产水量的解释力较强,降水量和土地利用的交互作用对产水量变化的解释力最强。产水量集中在坡度为0°~5°的区域,占总产水量的43.80%。研究结果可为云贵高原水资源的动态评估、有效管理和可持续发展提供科学参考。

基于InVEST模型的蒲河流域景观格局及生境质量时空演变分析

[目的]通过对景观生态格局和生境质量的时空动态分析,深入研究沈阳市蒲河流域实施水土保持措施前后的生境质量响应情况,旨在为小型流域的水土保持策略提供科学依据,以促进生态经济的协同增长和区域生态的持续健康发展。[方法]基于蒲河流域2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)等数据,结合FRAGSTATS和InVEST模型,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量及生境退化度对土地利用变化进行分析,探究响应机理。[结果](1)在2000-2010年期间,蒲河流域的耕地开发活动频繁,导致森林、草地等土地类型的比例显著下降;在2010-2020年期间,蒲河生态廊道的建设推动土地利用的变化,耕地面积流向人造地表、森林和草地。(2)在2000-2020年期间,蒲河流域的整体景观格局经历先趋于完整后破碎化的演变过程,蒲河两岸景观形成多种要素集合的密集格局,城市中心北部边缘地区生境持续破碎化。(3)从流域整体分析,2000年、2010年、2020年的生境平均质量分别为0.349,0.329,0.354,呈现出先降后升的趋势。生境退化平均值分别为0.098,0.112,0.086,与生境质量变化趋势一致。随着蒲河生态廊道建设,2020年生境质量明显改善,生态系统受到的威胁减少。从空间格局分析,东北部与西南部呈现出明显的空间分布特征;东北山区、西南湿地等区域生境质量总体较好,但有着生境退化的威胁。[结论]在水土保持措施的影响下,蒲河流域的景观生态格局得以改善,有效抑制了生境的退化现象。

基于InVEST-PLUS模型的陕西省水源涵养量估算及预测

[目的]为估算陕西省水源涵养量。[方法]通过耦合InVEST模型和PLUS模型,计算陕西省2000—2020年水源涵养量,并预测未来2030年土地利用变化下的水源涵养量。[结果]陕西省2000—2020年平均水源涵养量为132.25 mm,空间分布特征为水源涵养量由北向南逐渐增强。从植被类型来看,林地是陕西省水源涵养量的主体,年平均水源涵养量为199.55×10^(8)m^(3);从行政区来看,安康市水源涵养量最大(308.96 mm)。2030年陕西省水源涵养总量为285.16×10^(8)m^(3),相比2020年降低8.68×10^(8)m^(3)。[结论]陕西省未来2020—2030年水源涵养量呈略微下降趋势。