Teaching Reform of “Nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine” Course Based on OBE Concept

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing is one of the important disciplines in TCM.It is based on TCM theory and combined with modern nursing theory and technology,aiming to provide comprehensive and individualized nursing services.With the changes in the medical environment and the continuous improvement of people’s health needs,the teaching of TCM nursing is facing new challenges and opportunities.This paper aims to discuss the teaching reform of TCM nursing course based on the concept of outcome-based education(OBE)or student-centered teaching.The significance of this study is to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the teaching reform of TCM nursing course,and to promote the development and progress of TCM nursing education.Through the teaching reform based on OBE concept,we can better cultivate TCM nursing talents with innovative spirit and practical skills,and contribute to the development of TCM.

Research Progress of Treating Diabetic Nephropathy with Traditional Chinese Medicine

By collecting and sorting out the literature and journals on the clinical use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in recent years,it is concluded that Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of DKD.Chinese medicine therapy has a unique role in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.How to correct syndrome differentiation and treatment?Improving clinical effects is the research direction that all medical staff will work together in the future.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a meta-analysis

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods: Data were collected from the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), WanFang Data(WF) and VIP Database, including literature regarding the effects of TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with COPD published before January 2017. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible literature. The weighted mean differences and odds ratios were used to analyze St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) scores, pulmonary function, hospital stay, and clinical efficacy.Results: Twenty-three randomized controlled trials comprising 3116 cases(TCM nursing combined with the conventional nursing group: 1559; conventional nursing group: 1557) met the inclusion criteria. TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing was associated with a lower SGRQ score, higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) value, higher FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC) value, higher FEV1% value, higher FEV1 predicted value, shorter hospital stay, and preferable clinical efficacy.Conclusions: TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing emphasized that dialectical nursing can be performed preferably in patients with COPD.

The Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

In this paper, the authors examine and interpret the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) whom the Chinese believes and practices for so many centuries. The authors also explain the ancient Chinese con-cepts of Chi and Tao (Yin and Yang) which are the foundation of the TCM. This paper also seeks to discuss the ways of attaining a healthy body with the clarity of mind as well as to demonstrate the benefits of such healthy lifestyle.

Quality Marker Concept Inspires the Quality Research of Traditional Chinese Medicines

Traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have been used in China for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases, highly treated as the Chinese cultural heritage. It has played the pivotal role in maintaining the health of Chinese people and even the entire globe.

Papers published from 1995 to 2012 by six Traditional Chinese Medicine universities in China: a bibliometric analysis based on science citation index

OBJECTIVE: The quality and quantity of published research papers are important in both scientific and technology fields. Although there are several bibliometric studies based on citation analysis, very few have focused on research related to Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. METHODS: The bibliometric method used in this study included the following focuses: publication outputs for each year, paper type, language of publication, distribution of internationally collaborative countries, sources of funding, authorization number, distribution of institutes regarding collaborative publications, research fields, distribution of out-puts in journals, citation data, and h-index. RESULTS: A total of 3809 papers published from 1995 to 2012 were extracted from the science citation index(SCI). The cumulative number of papers from all six universities is constantly increasing. The United States attained the dominant position regarding complementary and alternative medicine research. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the greatest participator in collaborative efforts. Research field analysis showed that the research mainly focused on pharmacology pharmacy, chemistry, integrative complementary medicine, plant sciences, and biochemistry molecular biology. The Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine had the most citations. CONCLUSION: In recent years, in terms of SCI papers, the six Traditional Chinese Medicine universities studied here have made great advances in scientific research.

MAO Ze-dong's View on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Modern Significance

MAO Ze-dong's view on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can be divided into the scientific view on TCM,the development view on TCM and the future view on TCM.The core of MAO Ze-dong's view on TCM lies in its scientific nature.The basic content of MAO Ze-dong's development view on TCM includes unity of TCM and Western medicine(WM),advocating the multi-angle development of TCM from the height of Chinese national dignity,independence and self-confidence.MAO Ze-dong's future view on TCM is targeted at WM learning from TCM,integrating TCM and WM and establishing new Chinese medicine.The contemporary enlightenment of MAO Ze-dong's view on TCM is to start from reforming the medical education system before establishing new Chinese medicine.

Ophthalmic Syndrome Differentiation System and Digital Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),ophthalmic syndrome differentiation is an ophthalmology-specific method for identifying syndromes based on the“Five Orbiculi”theory.It was devised by Professor Qing-Hua PENG through an unprecedented combination of syndrome element differentiation and ophthalmic clinical practices,based on the Clinical Terminology of Chinese Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-Syndromes of the National Standards of the People's Republic of China.This approach integrates an ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system with digital Chinese medicine(DCM),and proposes the extraction of syndrome elements of ophthalmic diseases from research on DCM.These elements are then quantified and organized to form a model of digital diagnosis and treatment specific to ophthalmology,which should help to achieve synergistic development of the ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system and DCM.

老年初治肺结核中医证型与细胞因子及免疫表达的相关性分析

目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作为研究对象,根据辨证分型分为肺阴亏虚组78例、阴虚火旺组83例、气阴两虚组79例、阴阳两虚组82例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-5、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10等细胞因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪测定TB淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞的绝对数及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值,并将测定结果进行统计学分析。结果 四组肺结核患者IL-β、IL-5、IL-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气阴两虚组IFN-γ水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组TNF-α水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组的IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组IL-8水平显著高于其他三组,气阴两虚组高于肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞绝对数在阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴阳两虚组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值显著高于其他三组,肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组、气阴两虚组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同证型的老年肺结核病患者细胞因子及免疫细胞表达存在差异性,可作为中医辨证论治的客观参考标准之一,为临床辨证治疗提供一定参考。

新质生产力赋能中医药传承创新发展的策略与思考

文章探讨了新质生产力在推动中医药传承创新发展方面的策略与思考。科技创新交叉融合突破所产生的新质生产力,为中医药领域带来了前所未有的发展机遇。文章探讨了新质生产力在医药领域的潜力和发展方向,强调了其在推动中医药传承创新中的重要作用;分析了现代信息技术对中医药传承创新发展的影响,重点介绍了中药材大数据云服务平台、人工智能赋能、先进设备智能制造、大数据超算以及中医药循证研究证据库等方面的应用;展望了人工智能大模型在医药领域的发展方向,为未来中医药传承创新发展提供了新的视角和思路。

论中医治疗急危重症之临床理念

中医急诊重症医学是一门新兴学科,本文结合古代医籍论述及当今临床实践,总结了中医救治急危重症的5个理念:救命留人之“整体观”;祛除病因之“病因论”;明辨虚实之“正邪论”;动态观察之“恒动观”;已病防变之“未病论”。救命留人之“整体观”是战略层面的,在急危重症的救治中要贯穿始终;祛除病因之“病因论”和明辨虚实之“正邪论”是战术层面的,关乎具体治疗方案的制订;动态观察之“恒动观”,是在治疗方案初步确定,动态观察病情变化,随时评估治疗效果,反馈修正治疗方案;而已病防变之“未病论”,则是我们通过以上4个理念的坚持,所应达到的理想状态。

中医药科技创新基础研究重点方向思考

本文围绕用现代科学解读中医药学原理、发挥中医药防病治病的独特优势与作用、提高中药全链条创新能力,提出了中医药科技创新基础研究的重点方向。对每个重点方向的来源依据、研究进展、研究重点及相关科学问题进行阐释,为中医药现代化基础研究提供参考。

以效为标·以数为据·以调为治——论中医学的数据科学思维

中医学的本质是追求人与自然的统一和健康平衡,是人类智慧与疾病对抗并寻找和逼近健康解决方案中最优解的过程。中医学持续的生命力源于对临床疗效的追求、从大量复杂数据中寻找促进健康的证据,以及调整健康状态的干预模式。中医学的诊疗模式本身就蕴含着数据科学思维,体现了以数据驱动的决策模式,是一种天然基于数据的科学。

超声影像组学模型鉴别肝郁痰凝型与冲任失调型乳腺癌中医证型的价值

目的探讨超声影像组学模型鉴别肝郁痰凝型与冲任失调型乳腺癌中医证型的价值,寻求有助于中医辨证分型的客观指标。方法回顾性收集2018年1月—2021年12月于福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院行术前超声检查并经病理确诊且有完整中医辨证资料的231例(247个病灶)乳腺癌患者资料,获取术前超声图像,用ITK-SNAP软件勾画感兴趣区(ROI),利用Pyradiomics 3.0软件提取超声影像组学特征,病灶按7∶3比例分为训练集(175个)和测试集(72个),使用最小绝对收缩与选择算法(LASSO)进行特征降维筛选,采用支持向量机(SVM)构建影像组学模型,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的鉴别诊断效能。结果纳入病例中肝郁痰凝型107例115个病灶,冲任失调型124例132个病灶。LASSO算法筛选出17个可鉴别肝郁痰凝型和冲任失调型乳腺癌的超声影像组学特征,其中前7个特征权重系数较大,分别为Dependence Variance,Correlation,Sphericity,Center Of MassIndex2,Bounding Box5,Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis和Short Run Emphasis。利用上述17个有效特征构建的影像组学模型在训练集和测试集上的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.797(95%CI:0.730~0.864)和0.775(95%CI:0.666~0.883)。该模型训练集的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为72.3%(60/83)、73.0%(65/89)、72.7%(125/172);该模型测试集的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为75.5%(37/49)、65.4%(17/26)、72.0%(54/75)。结论超声影像组学模型能够有效鉴别肝郁痰凝型与冲任失调型乳腺癌,筛选出的影像组学特征可作为乳腺癌中医辨证分型的微观指标。

基于“成骨-成血管耦联”理论探讨中医药防治激素性股骨头坏死的科学内涵

激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head, SNOFH)是骨科常见难治性疾病,又被视为“不死癌症”,若不及时干预将导致患者面临人工全髋关节置换术的风险。近些年研究证实,“成骨-成血管耦联”途径研究SNOFH发生发展的机制具有重要意义。SNOFH中医病机责之于脾肾亏虚为本,瘀血为病,痰阻为渐,毒聚为损。“成骨-成血管耦联”机制与“瘀去-新生-骨合”中医理论存在高度契合性。越来越多的临床证据表明中医药治疗SNOFH不仅具有疗效显著、不良反应小、价格低廉等优势,还能提高患者生存质量,为促进股骨头血管重建与再生以及股骨头坏死骨修复等发挥重要作用。基于“瘀去-新生-骨合”理论,临床上多采用补肾活血类中药及中药复方用于SNOFH防治,运用“成骨”之健脾补肾药,“成血管”之活血化瘀药,祛除“抑制因素”之化痰药、祛湿药,有步骤、有层次的治疗SNOFH取得显著效果。因此,从“成骨-成血管耦联”角度探讨SNOFH中医药干预的科学内涵已成为当今研究新热点,能够为后续SNOFH的防治研究和新药研发提供理论参考和借鉴。

基于“五寓”课程思政理念的中医药人才培养策略研究——以“中药炮制学专论”课程为例

中药学类研究生课程重视中药学思维的培养,具有课程思政挖掘的良好基础,但课程思政缺乏系统设计,思政教育与专业教育融入未形成长效机制,专业课程考核和评价欠缺“课程思政”相关指标,“两张皮”问题仍然存在.为此以“中药炮制学专论”课程为例,课程团队践行“五寓”课程思政理念,通过对教学内容进行重构,改进教学方法,拓宽教育场域,实现思政目标与知识目标、能力目标和素质目标“同频共振”.“五寓”课程思政理念的凝练针对性地解决了研究生课程思政教与学中的问题,为中药学学科课程思政建设提供了保障.

多重思维交汇下中医本科课程一体化内涵建设探索

随着全球一体化发展下的学科交叉与融合,教学一体化建设的优势作用逐渐显现。本科教学质量的提升,既要保持传统优势,又要紧随时代的发展有所创新,不仅要有形式上的整体性,更要挖掘知识内涵的一体化发展。中医本科教学体系通过中医学“整体观念”引导学科融合,能够恢复知识体系的整体性。以中西方各具优势和特色的思维模式,辨证选择以多种不同教学思维和方法,能够更加精准对焦教学内容的外在表达。因此,中西贯通,多重思维优势互补,是中医本科课程一体化建设的创新,是突破固有模式、深化内涵建设的教学新探索。

成果教育导向理念下思维导图在康复专业课程群中的教学研究与实践策略

成果教育导向(OBE)理念由美国教育学家首先提出,经过不断地发展,形成了比较完整的理论体系,贯穿于教育认证标准的始终。《中医康复学》《物理治疗学》《肌肉骨骼康复学》《运动医学》等课程是辽宁中医药大学中医康复学专业、康复治疗学专业的核心课程,具有专业性强、实践知识丰富、技能操作多样化等特点。基于OBE理念可以将该课程教学的特点与思维导图有机融合,真正实现以学生为中心,培养学生的自主学习能力,提高学生的学习兴趣,构建专业知识框架,形成自己的独立的知识体系,为将来走向社会,提高学生就业的竞争力打下基础。

基于《中药学》课程的中医药“象思维”能力塑造

《中药学》是中医学、中药学专业学生的基础课程,如何将现代科学的知识与传统中医药思维系统结合,如何有效提升学生的专业素养,是《中药学》课程教学过程中面临的重要命题。“象思维”是认知传统中医药理论的核心路径之一,因此将“象思维”的培养融入到《中药学》课程教学环境中,将促进学生能力与专业素养的系统提升。本文针对象思维的概述与范畴、内涵与外延进行了系统阐释,为《中药学》的教学过程中融入“象思维”提供了可能的契机。进一步提出通过“知识讲授-实践学习-综合能力”的培养路径,形成“象思维”的思考能力,促进自主学习能力的养成,有效提升学生的专业素养。