Constitution identification model in traditional Chinese medicine based on multiple features

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions;thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning;and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes.Methods First;TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people;from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ);and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second;heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition;a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last;the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures;which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy;precision;and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model.Results It was found that the accuracy;precision;and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842;0.868;and 0.790;respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature;either a single facial complexion feature;a body shape feature;or deep features;the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105;0.105;and 0.079;the precision increased by 0.164;0.164;and 0.211;and the F1 score rose by 0.071;0.071;and 0.084;respectively.Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model;which incor-porated multifeatures;including the facial complexion feature;the body shape feature;and the deep feature.In addition;by employing the proposed model;the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.

A Preliminary Study on Legitimacy Identification Standards for Unconventional Treatment Technologies in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Compared with western medicine with objective and standardized theories,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)places more emphasis on subjective thinking.Moreover,there are several academic schools under TCM,and ancient secret prescriptions and proven prescriptions play important roles in TCM treatments.However,the drugs used by some academic schools and some ancient secret prescriptions and proven prescriptions often contradict mainstream theories,and some TCM treatment methods do not significantly conform to the methods that are considered safe by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),medical textbooks and other canonical books.Despite the long history and abundant successful experiences of TCM treatments,controversies regarding these unconventional treatment technologies,specifically when these breach the safety standards of treatment,exist considering that several medical adverse effects are observed when performing these unconventional treatments.In view of this,distinguishing“welldefined technological breakthrough”from“medical fault”is considered necessary.This study discusses the issue and raises constructive suggestions on the corresponding identification standards for unconventional treatment strategies in TCM.

General Situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification Methods

Traditional Chinese medicines are the material basis for the treatment of diseases under theoretical direction, as well as the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines. The quality of traditional Chinese medicine directly influences clinical efficacy. Therefore, the identification of traditional Chinese medicine is the responsibility of medicinal workers. The identification method develops from observation, tasting, smelling and listening to firing method and testing with water, and the construction of fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines and molecular biological techniques. The development and evolution of traditional Chinese medicine identification methods was reviewed in this paper.

Analysis on the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and Six-Meridian Pattern Identification of coronavirus disease 2019

Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identification,which provided later generations with a theoretical basis for the treatment of Exogenous Febrile Diseases.The coronavirus disease 2019 belongs to the category of“Pestilence”(the general term for virulent infectious epidemic diseases)in“Febrile Diseases”(the general term for acute externally contracted diseases caused by Warm Pathogens,with fever as the chief manifestation,also known as Warm Diseases)and the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 is mostly based on the Triple Energizer Pattern Identification(the a categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Triple Energizer)or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification(the categorization of Febrile Diseases Pattern Identification according to the theory of Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood which indicates the stages of the clinical course with corresponding pathological changes).Although the theory of Cold-induced Diseases(the condition caused by Cold,manifested as chills and fever,absence of sweating,headache and floating-tense pulse)and the theory of Febrile Disease seem to be entirely distinct with each other,Zhongjing Zhang’s theory contained Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification,and Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification also contained Zhongjing Zhang’s Six-Meridian Pattern Identification(the categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Six Meridians,applied to the diagnosis of acute Febrile Diseases at different stages,and also useful for the Pattern Identification of other diseases).The basic principles and therapeutic methods of Cold-induced Diseases and Febrile Diseases are intertwined.Therefore,this paper will combine the two theories to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019,and try to use Six-Meridian Pattern Identification to guide the treatment of this disease.

Perspectives in application of biosensors for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine

Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify specific substances. Thesemolecular recognition functions can be combined with the target, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and thebinding of enzymes to the substrate through the recognition process. Biosensor has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity, fast reaction speed, low cost and easy operation. It has wide application prospect in food, pharmacy,chemical industry, clinical examination, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and so on, especially as a newtechnology means, in the field of modern herbal medicine research influence. Studies have demonstrated that thebiosensing technology has been applied to, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） targets, isolation and purification ofTCM, the mechanism of TCM, quality control of TCM, the active ingredients detection of TCM and other basicresearches. Biosensor technology has made an important contribution to the research of modern herbal medicine, and hasbecome a Hot-spot in future research.

Research hotspots andfrontiersanalysisoftraditional Chinese medicine constitution identification:Avisual analysis of literature based on CiteSpaceand vosviewer

Objective:To explore the development and hotspots in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution identification since the year 2000.Methods:Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software,literature from five prominent databases including VIP,WanFang,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),PubMed,and Web ofScience was analyzed.Visual methods were used to examine the annual publications,keywords,authors,and collaborative networks.Results:After deduplication with EndNotes,a total of 5,747 articles meeting the criteria were included.Since 2000,the publications of TCM constitution identification shown three major stages:a significant increasing trend with the year before 2016,a fluctuating trend from 2016 to 2021,and a decreasing trend with the year after 2021.The co-occurrence analysis ofkeywords revealed health management,hypertension,and constitution as hot directions in this field of research.CiteSpace was used for keyword clustering and burst analysis,health management,medical life,and constitution emerged as the latest hotspots in the past three years,which will be the main development directions in the future.Clusters such as hypertension,preventive treatment,and health management were identified,representing the main research themes at present.VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for co-occurrence and clustering analysis of authors,revealing collaborative research networks,with prominent groups represented by WANG Qi,WANG Ji,LI Lingru,HOU Shujuan,ZHU Yanbo,etc.Conclusion:Research related to TCM constitution identification is developing rapidly,involving various aspects of medical care and daily life.However,there is still a need to build an extensive academic platform,strengthen the dissemination of Chinese medicine culture,standardize,intellectualize and universalize the identification of TCM constitution assessments,and construct a health service system with Chinese characteristics.

ETCM v2.0:An update with comprehensive resource and rich annotations for traditional Chinese medicine

Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0(ETCM v2.0,http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/)was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books,9872 Chinese patent drugs,2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients.To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery,we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module,which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient,as well as their binding activities.Importantly,five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0,which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy,to summarize the rules of prescription use,and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials.Moreover,ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced Java Script-based network visualization tool for creating,modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks.ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs,the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing,and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.

Integrating ancient and modern approaches to traditional Chinese medicinal authentication

Authentication is a key component of quality control,and the quality of Chinese medicinal materials directly impacts clinical efficacy.Chinese medicinal quality control is an important concern of the wider community,and it is intricately connected to the future and development of Chinese medicine.Macroscopic identification has been used for thousands of years in Chinese medicine,and it continues to be effective for resolving important issues related to quality control in the modern-day.However,new challenges have emerged for macroscopic identification.For example,new botanical varieties have emerged,with differences in macroscopic features related to cultivated vs.wild materials.Changes in processing methods and cultivation techniques also affect these features.Consequently,continual progress and innovation in Chinese medicinal authentication methods are needed.Macroscopic identification is based on organoleptic assessment,microscopy,and research of ancient texts,such as the Bencao.In addition to collecting information from traditional experience-based differentiation,innovation can take advantage of new technologies that can provide even more detailed,precise information about morphology.In the present review,we summarized inheritance and innovation in the scientific exposition of Chinese medicinal authentication,featuring a review of specialized publications,description of the establishment of a Chinese medicine specimen center and Chinese Medicine digital project,the expansion of authentication technologies,and the formation of a cultural project dedicated to the Compendium of Materia Medica.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on oligoasthenospermatism:a narrative review

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the treatment of oligoasthenospermatism(OAS) with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: The literature describing OAS treatment with TCM in the past 4 years was searched.Three studies were reviewed, evaluated, and summarized. The etiology and pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, medicine administration, and combination of TCM with Western Medicine were all examined.RESULTS: TCM had an advantage in treating OAS and had fewer adverse events than conventional treatments.CONCLUSION: Although TCM has an advantage in treating OAS and fewer adverse events, the efficacy of TCM and modern medicine on OAS is unsatisfactory.

Inter-observer Reliability of Indicators and Decision of Pattern Identification Using Diagnostic Flowchart with Traditional Korean Medicine

Objective： To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification（PI）, and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures（SOPs） were enhanced by using a diagnostic flowchart. Methods： A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. Results： The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators（for al patients） and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from ＂poor＂（κ=–0.051） to ＂good＂（κ=0.968）. The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from –0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators（for the subjects） general y ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from –0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was general y high for al of the indicators and ranged from ＂moderate＂（AC1=0.408） to ＂excel ent＂（AC1=0.996）. Conclusions： In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency（e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used）, it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training.（Trial registration No. KCT0000916）

扩增子测序技术在中药分子鉴定中的应用

中药鉴定是保证中药用药安全的关键环节。中药分子鉴定通过分析遗传物质的差异实现鉴定,弥补了传统鉴定方法主观性较强的不足,成为中药鉴定方法的有力补充。扩增子测序技术通过对特定片段进行扩增,结合不同测序技术实现物种鉴定。文章对扩增子测序技术在生物鉴定中的优势、扩增子测序技术在中成药及中药材中的应用,以及扩增子测序技术在中药鉴定中的关键技术步骤进行总结梳理,分析扩增子测序技术在中药分子鉴定中的应用现状及未来发展,为后续中药分子鉴定工作提供研究思路。

基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略探索

目的:针对当前无法对未知样品进行快速“盲检”鉴定药材的情况,提出中药材化学成分信息“数字身份证”鉴定策略,以期实现未知药材的鉴定分析。方法:基于数学分析法和实证研究法,确定鉴定步骤:(1)利用UHPLC-QTOF-MS对多批次药材进行分析;(2)经数字量化,提取多批次药材的共有离子;(3)根据离子强度输出top-N个离子信息分别作为不同药材的“数字身份证”;(4)以上述“数字身份证”为基准,通过保留时间、质荷比、离子强度进行样品的匹配鉴定,反馈匹配可信度(Matching Credibility,MC)。结果:通过数学分析和实证研究表明,基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略是切实可行的。在该策略下,9种药材可被快速准确地鉴定。结论:基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略有助于实现未知中药材的鉴定分析,可用于中药材的非靶向鉴定。

基于BERTopic与CiteSpace的中国中医药领域研究热点与主题演化分析

目的/意义 梳理近10年中国中医药领域文献,阐述该领域热点主题与发展趋势。方法/过程 检索2013-2022年万方数据平台中医药领域研究文献,以摘要为研究对象,利用BERTopic模型抽取主题,并采用CiteSpace进行可视化分析。结果/结论 纳入中文文献12 683篇,发现5个主题:临床试验与疗效、病机与药理研究、中医药领域发展、慢病治疗、药物分析与文献研究。对其中热度持续增长的中医药领域发展主题深入分析,提出人工智能与中医药领域的深度融合是未来趋势。

基于六经辨证探讨颈椎病的防治

颈椎病是临床常见病之一,通过药物、功能康复等,在一定程度上可缓解患者的临床症状。六经辨证是中医诊疗疾病的方法论,是中医辨证施治整体观的具体体现,通过六经辨证,医者可以准确地定位包括颈椎病在内的临床各类疾病的位置和病因,为临床诊疗提供更有针对性的方案。本文通过检索文献,探讨六经辨证理论在颈椎病防治中的应用,以期为临床诊疗提供一定的思路和方法。

孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病的经验探析

孙克伟教授在长期临床诊治中总结发现,多种肝病殊途同归,提出“补脾土,疏肝解郁”“逐湿邪,热无所依”“补先天,解毒袪邪”“调气血,瘀滞得化”“温脾阳,截断逆挽”的学术经验,临床应用效果显著。该文将从以上五法探析孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病经验,旨在为肝病中医诊疗提供参考和借鉴。

论中国式现代化视阈下编辑的传统文化观

中国式现代化视阈下编辑的传统文化观包含三个层面的内容:理论本体、实际运用与基本要义。编辑传统文化观涵义的本质,是编辑对中华优秀传统文化同马克思主义基本原理、科学社会主义价值观的高度契合性有深刻认识和理解。编辑传统文化观的实际运用,重点在于“创造性转化”和“创新性发展”,具体路径有经典重构、大众普及、科技赋能、国际传播等。编辑传统文化观的基本要义,是编辑对中华传统文化要“有鉴别地加以对待,有扬弃地予以继承”。

中草药栽培与鉴定专业实践教学体系优化研究

本文从师资力量、教学平台、教学体系和教学考核4个方面为切入点,研究了中草药栽培与鉴定专业实践教学模式现状。提出提升师资力量,打造教学平台,构建教学体系,以及建立考核评价机制等优化措施,并探索构建凸显中药特色“一核心、两阶段、三单元、四确保”的实践教学体系,阐述其体系优化改革的实践与思考。以全方位、多角度促进学生综合素质的提高,为中医药发展培养高素质复合型中药农业人才奠定基础。

基于高分辨质谱的中药学本科实验课程教学探索

中药制剂是由多种中药配伍组成的,是一个复杂的分子体系,其分析鉴定工作存在较大难度。高效液相色谱与高分辨质谱联用系统(HPLC-HRMS)在中药复方的定性研究中发挥着重要作用。本论文通过探索将高分辨液相色谱质谱联用系统应用到中药学本科生实验教学实践中,建立了对中药制剂参松养心胶囊中5种特征性成分进行鉴定的实验教学方法。使学生了解高分辨质谱在中药制剂分析和鉴定中的重要应用,开阔了本校中药学专业本科生的科研视野,提高了学生对仪器分析的理解,对培养高素质高水平的药学本科生起到了积极作用。

关于建立当代中国传统手工纸特性指标的探讨

经过实地调研,发现当代传统手工纸与古代传统手工纸存在许多明显差异。目前,大多数当代传统手工纸缺失纸张特性标识,这使得用户难以辨别不同类型和不同厂家的手工纸特性,也无法准确评判其质量。为了有助用户更好地选择和评估当代手工纸,基于对中国、日本、韩国传统手工纸特性的研究,以及参考国际标准、某些国家标准和行业标准中关于纸张耐老化性的内容,本文提出了一套当代中国传统手工纸特性鉴别指标。该鉴别指标提供了有关藏品用纸耐老化性和造纸工艺用水洁净度的相关建议。鉴于传统手工纸的独特性和多样化用途,对非藏品用途纸张,建议生产单位公开与使用场景相关的物理性能和机械性能信息;对于藏品用途的纸张,则应满足纸张耐老化性的相关指标,并公开造纸工艺用水的洁净度情况。

基于中医体质辨识学说的个体化康复方案在老年慢性心衰患者中的应用

目的探讨基于中医体质辨识学说的个体化康复方案在老年慢性心衰(CHF)患者中的应用效果。方法选择2020年5月至2022年5月我院收治的老年CHF患者60例,随机分为参照组和观察组各30例。除常规西医基础治疗外,参照组接受西医常规运动联合中药汤剂辨证施治,观察组接受基于中医体质辨识学说的个体化康复方案联合中药汤剂辨证施治。比较两组患者的心功能及生活质量。结果治疗2周后,观察组的NYHA心功能分级情况优于参照组(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,两组的SF-36评分均高于治疗前,且观察组SF-36评分高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论基于中医体质辨识学说的个体化康复方案在老年CHF患者治疗中应用效果显著,能够明显改善患者的心功能,提升其生活质量,值得临床推广应用。