Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid.They represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed thereafter.The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment.By reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

Recent Situation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Stomach Pain with Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Stomach

Stomachache is one of the most common diseases of digestive system, among which stomach pain of deficiency cold of spleen and stomach is the most common. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy as an external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for relieving stomach pain due to deficiency of spleen and stomach, has the advantages of convenient operation, small adverse reactions and remarkable curative effect, which is easy for patients to accept. In this paper, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy such as moxibustion and warm acupuncture therapy for stomach pain of spleen and stomach deficiency cold type is summarized to provide evidence-based basis for clinical treatment of stomach pain of spleen and stomach deficiency cold type.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine inImproving Hot Flashes Symptom ofBreast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women. Around 50% of BC receptor-positive patients are hormone-dependent cases, and it is necessary for them to use endocrine after operation. Through inhibition of estrogen level

Similarity measurement of Chinese medicine ingredients for cold-hot nature identification

目的:中药药性理论是中医药的核心基础理论,其中寒热药性是当前研究的重点。研究发现中药成分是产生药性的物质基础。因此,我们推断成分相似的中药具有相似的药性。由于中药指纹图谱可以反映中药的物质成分,因此,当前热点集中于通过中药指纹图谱技术研究中药药性。方法:为了验证上述假说,本文研究量化中药成分的相似性为指纹图谱的相似性,探索中药成分与寒热药性之间的关系。首先,我们利用紫外指纹图谱分析61味寒热药性明确的中药(30味寒性药和31味热性药)。其次,一个距离度量学习算法被研究度量中药指纹图谱的相似性。最后,一个检索方案被提出构建预测识别模型用于中药寒热药性的识别。结果:大量的实验发现,石油醚溶剂下的紫外图谱可以更好的区分寒热药性。与已有的识别方案相比,提出的模型具有更好的识别性能。结论:实验结果证明了我们的推论,成分相似的中药具有相似的药性。提出的预测模型被证明是可行和有效的。

Cold environments and human metabolism: A traditional chinese medicine perspective

The concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human beings and nature,positing that the human body undergoes distinct physiological changes in response to various natural environments.Cold,as a primary external factor in cold areas,necessitates the body's autonomous adaptation to uphold optimal living conditions.The repercussions of cold on the body are both far-reaching and profound,with metabolic equilibrium adjustments playing a pivotal role.This article,rooted in the TCM principle of Yin-Yang balance,delves into the metabolic intricacies and adaptive responses to the human body in cold environments.The effects manifest in heat-producing tissues,systemic substance consumption,the blood substance concentrations,liver function,and metabolic rhythms.The article subsequently presents TCM recommendations for maintaining health in cold climates.It concludes by advocating the exploration of metabolic homeostasis changes as a key avenue for investigating the metabolic traits s of populations in cold regions.We posit that such insights will enhance comprehension of the metabolic shifts in cold region populations and advance the evolution of regional medicine.

Expression of the difference between the Cold(Han) and Hot(Re) natures of traditional Chinese medicines(Strobal and Rhubarb) based on the cold/hot plate differentiating assay

In this study, objective differences between the Cold (Han) and Hot (Re) nature of traditional Chinese medicines, e.g. Strobal and Rhubarb, are determined by using a cold/hot plate differentiation technology. A novel, self-designed cold/hot plate differentiating instrument, with methodological study, was used to investigate the intervention of Strobal and Rhubarb on the temperature tropism of mice. Compared with the ICR and BALB/c mice, it was found that KM mice on the cold/hot plate were more sensitive to the change of temperature, within the tolerant temperature range of 15-40 ℃ . The temperature tropism behavior of mice is influenced by treatment with Rhubarb and Strobal, as is the activity of ATPase in liver tissue. These trends are consistent with the definition of the Cold/Hot nature of Chinese medicines based on traditional Chinese medicinal theory. This study showed that the differences of the Cold/Hot nature of traditional Chinese medicines. might be objectively represented by the temperature tropism of animal by means of cold/hot differentiating assay.

Interpretation of the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Jiangxi based on"unified coldness and warmness"

`Since the outbreak of COVID-19,various regions have introduced their own TCM prevention and treatment methods.However,there are two opposing views on the nature of cold and temperature.Since modern times,the thought of the unification of cold and temperature has developed rapidly,and many doctors gradually realized the importance and practicability of the unification of cold and temperature,and began to advocate the unification of cold and temperature syndrome.The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Jiangxi was developed by Professor Wu Bingcai,a master of Chinese medicine,based on the unified idea of cold and temperature,according to the characteristics of humid climate in Jiangxi,and in combination with the characteristics of COVID-19,the anti-toxin prescription for dispelling cold and desiccating dampness and the anti-toxin prescription for clearing heat and dehumidifying,which achieved exact and satisfactory results in clinical application.

中西医结合视角下《伤寒论》“六经病篇”提要

“六经病篇”构成了《伤寒论》之主体内容,笔者结合ICU中西医结合救治重症感染性疾病、新发突发传染病等的临床经验体会,认为“六经病篇”是多种感染性疾病诊疗经验之整合。太阳病篇论述了各类外感病初期发汗法及禁忌证,以及发汗后基础病种加重等变证之应对;阳明病篇论述了外感病中“发热、汗出、恶热”为主之病症,并详论了下法之应用时机、力度、禁忌等,旁及阳明中寒病、谷疸病等;少阳病篇之意义在于后世医家之发挥和推广;太阴病篇主要叙述了具有自限性的急性胃肠炎;少阴病篇主要论述了表现为中医“寒邪直中”和“伏气温病”之重症感染,亦涉及了较多之“下利”;厥阴病篇论述了表现为“热深厥深”之感染性休克,亦涉及病情危重之“下利”。

Metabolomics coupled with similarity analysis advances the elucidation of the cold/hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines

It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia. Since few works have been contributed to understanding the TCM theory, the mechanism of actions of drugs with cold/hot properties remains unclear. In the present study, six kinds of typical herbs with cold or hot properties were orally administered into mice, and serum and liver samples were analyzed using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) based metabolomics approach coupled with similarity analysis. This approach was performed to identify and quantify changes in metabolic pathways to elucidate drug actions on the treated mice. Our results showed that those drugs with same property exerted similar effects on the metabolic alterations in mouse serum and liver samples, while drugs with different property showed different effects. The effects of herbal medicines with cold/hot properties were exerted by regulating the pathways linked to glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism and other metabolic pathways. The results elucidated the differences and similarities of drugs with cold/hot properties, providing useful information on the explanation of medicinal properties of these TCMs.

江苏地方医派传承发展张仲景学说刍议

仲景学说自明清开始出现北学南移,此与江苏地方医派关系密切。除刊刻《仲景全书》,精研仲景学术思想外,江苏医家结合当地气候、饮食及患者体质等因素,灵活变通《伤寒杂病论》的证治思路,促进了温病学派的诞生。此外,江苏地方医派秉承寒温一体理论,临证融伤寒、温病之长,同时将此思想融入中医教育中;并且借鉴西方院校教育模式,发展中医学校教育,开辟当代中医教育之先河。文章对江苏中医流派的学术及教育学思想进行了简单阐述,并对后续的中医药数字化科普工作进行了思考及展望,为中医流派的守正创新研究提供思路。

桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗神经根型颈椎病的效果观察

目的 分析桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法对神经根型颈椎病(风寒阻络证)的治疗价值。方法 回顾性分析126例于2021年5月至2023年6月天津市南开区中医医院诊治的神经根型颈椎病患者资料,均属风寒阻络证,以2021年5月至2022年3月诊治的63例患者为对照组,以2022年4月至6月诊治的63例患者为观察组,对照组行常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗。经4周治疗后,比较两组病情程度相关评分,颈椎活动度,血流动力学及临床疗效。结果 治疗后,观察组颈椎病临床评价量表(CASCS)评分明显较对照组高,简化McGill疼痛问卷量表(SF-MPQ)及颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分明显较对照组低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组颈椎活动角度明显较对照组大(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组基底动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)明显较对照组低,平均血流速度(Vm)明显较对照组高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组、对照组总有效率分别为92.06%、77.78%,观察组明显较高(P<0.05)。结论 桂枝葛根汤联合循经走罐法治疗神经根型颈椎病(风寒阻络证),能促进病情改善,增大颈椎活动范围,调节血流动力学指标。

中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏治疗动静脉内瘘血肿的效果观察

目的探讨中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏对动静脉内瘘血肿的护理效果。方法本研究为随机对照试验。选取2021年2月至2023年2月连云港市中医院门诊动静脉内瘘血肿患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为参照组30例和联合组30例。参照组男21例,女9例,年龄(47.58±7.15)岁,采用多磺酸粘多糖乳膏联合常规护理;联合组男20例,女10例,年龄(46.45±6.14)岁,在参照组基础上实施中药热敷。记录并比较两组患者的皮下血肿消退时间和疼痛持续时间、并发症发生情况、护理满意度。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果联合组患者的皮下血肿消退时间、疼痛持续时间均短于参照组[(7.54±2.25)d比(10.85±3.14)d、(4.25±0.48)d比(6.50±0.51)d],差异均有统计学意义(t=6.934、9.072,均P<0.001);联合组患者的并发症发生率低于参照组[6.67%(2/30)比26.67%(8/30)],护理总满意度高于参照组[90.00%(27/30)比66.67%(20/30)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.320、4.812,P=0.038、0.028)。结论中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏可加快动静脉内瘘血肿患者的皮下血肿消退,缩短疼痛持续时间,提升护理满意度,减少并发症发生,缓解炎症,值得临床推广。

中药穴位热熨敷的不同推熨频率对促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响

[目的]观察中药穴位热熨敷的不同推熨频率对促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响。[方法]选取2020年1月—2023年3月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院二外科住院的腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术后患者108例,随机分为试验A组、试验B组、对照组各36例。对照组采用常规护理方法,试验组在常规护理基础上实施子午流注理论指导下的中药热熨敷干预,试验A组的推熨频率为90~95次/min,试验B组的推熨频率为115~120次/min,从术后第1天开始,每日2次,直至肛门排气和排便。观察3组患者胃肠功能恢复、住院时间、中医证候积分变化情况以及不良反应发生情况,评价3组患者的临床疗效。[结果]干预后,试验B组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间明显短于试验A组和对照组(P<0.05),试验B组首次排便时间和术后住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);3组患者中医证候积分的组间效应、时间效应及交互效应均有统计学差异(P<0.05);3组患者中医证候积分随时间推移均呈下降趋势,试验B组术后72 h的中医证候积分低于试验A组和对照组,且试验A组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验A组和试验B组的临床治疗总有效率均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]中药热熨敷能有效促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复,以推熨频率为115~120次/min的整体治疗效果更为显著。

高血压六经辨证论治思路与方法

基于六经辨证理论体系,探析高血压的六经辨治用药思路。高血压早期病在三阳,阳气尚足,病多属实;病变后期,病在三阴,阳气衰弱,病多属虚。高血压病在太阳,以解表祛邪为主;病在阳明,以清热通下为要;病在少阳,宜调畅气机;病在太阴,需温补脾胃;病在少阴,需调理心肾;病在厥阴,需调和寒热。

益气活血解毒法促进卵巢癌由“冷”向“热”转化基于免疫-炎性微环境的理论探讨分析

卵巢癌是致死率高居首位的妇科恶性肿瘤,探索有效的治疗方法预防转移成为亟待解决的临床难题。免疫治疗是肿瘤治疗的新视野,然而卵巢癌由于普遍缺乏细胞毒性T细胞的浸润,并且浸润的T细胞并不能识别所有的肿瘤抗原,属于“冷肿瘤”范畴,对免疫治疗并不敏感。中医认为气虚血瘀毒浊是卵巢癌的关键病机,益气活血解毒法是重要治法,有必要在理论研究上进一步阐明。免疫抑制和慢性炎症构成肿瘤微环境两大核心特征,共同促进肿瘤发生、发展及转移。本文分析了免疫-炎性微环境与中医“阴阳”“毒邪”理论的高度契合性:阳化气不足,如同正性免疫细胞如细胞毒性T细胞不足;阴成形太过,一方面,如同过多的免疫抑制性细胞、因子、代谢产物浸润,另一方面,如同人体的因虚致毒,维持并放大了炎性微环境,炎症促进肿瘤进展,炎症反过来又可促进免疫抑制。从免疫-炎症的角度阐明该法的治疗思路:“温阳扶正,平衡阴阳”以激活正性免疫;“活血、化痰、散寒、清热”以驱散阴邪,解化毒滞,从而缓解免疫抑制,调控炎性微环境;“以毒攻毒”以抗炎治疗,完善了该法转化“冷”“热”免疫原性的理论基础,为进一步物质研究提供理论依据。

葛根汤联合中药热敷治疗神经根型颈椎病风寒阻络证临床观察

目的 观察葛根汤联合中药热敷治疗神经根型颈椎病风寒阻络证的临床效果。方法 选取吉林省吉林中西医结合医院骨伤科2021年7月—2022年7月收治的90例神经根型颈椎病风寒阻络证患者,运用掷硬币法分为2组,各45例。对照组用葛根汤治疗,观察组使用葛根汤加中药热敷治疗,比较2组颈椎功能障碍评分、临床疗效、颈肩疼痛程度评分。结果 治疗后,对照组总有效率低于观察组(P<0.05);观察组的颈椎功能障碍评分与颈肩疼痛程度评分更低(P<0.05)。结论 葛根汤联合中药热敷治疗神经根型颈椎病风寒阻络证临床效果较好,优于单一使用葛根汤治疗的方式,有较高临床应用价值。

中医寒气对高脂饮食诱导肥胖模型小鼠脂肪组织TRPM8通路的影响

目的通过观察中医寒气对高脂饮食诱导肥胖型小鼠脂肪组织TRPM8的影响,探讨寒气减肥效应的作用机制。方法30只6~8周龄的雄性C57BL/6J野生型小鼠和TRPM8^(-/-)小鼠随机分为3组,分别为C57BL/6J 30℃组、C57BL/6J 4℃组、TRPM8^(-/-)4℃组。采用高脂饲养的方法复制肥胖型小鼠模型。所有小鼠首先饲养在温度为30℃、相对湿度为(55±15)%、室内风速0.1~0.2 m/s、光照周期12 h的笼子中4周,然后将C57BL/6J 4℃组、TRPM8^(-/-)4℃组小鼠转移至18℃的温度下适应性饲养1周,接着转移至4℃的低温饲养箱中饲养4周。作为对照组,C57BL/6J 30℃组小鼠始终在30℃环境下饲喂。9周后,取各组小鼠肩胛、附睾、腹膜脂肪组织并用HE染色法、免疫组织化学染色及Western blot法检测其TRPM8蛋白的表达。结果与C57BL/6J 4℃比较,TRPM8^(-/-)4℃组和C57BL/6J 30℃组肩胛和腹膜脂肪细胞数量显著减少(P<0.001),TRPM8蛋白的表达明显减少。结论中医寒气可诱导肥胖小鼠脂肪细胞TRPM8蛋白的高表达,影响脂肪代谢,有望成为减肥药物研发的新策略,TRPM8有望成为减肥药物研发的新靶点。

艾灸结合中药汤剂治疗脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛的中医治疗进展

胃脘痛是上腹胃脘部以疼痛为主要症状的病症,临床上最常见的证型为脾胃虚寒型。临床研究发现艾灸结合中药汤剂治疗脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛效果更优,这种内外同治之法的优势在于艾灸增强了汤药的温通功效,汤药补充了艾灸通络行气的作用。本文从艾灸、中药汤剂及二者结合治疗进行综述,为进一步探索脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛的预防和治疗提供依据,以期在临床上发挥更大的价值。

谈寒湿疫之寒湿入营

仝小林院士提出新型冠状病毒感染属寒湿疫,其病理因素为寒湿,应从散寒化湿而治。寒湿入营是寒湿疫特殊证型,见于危重阶段,其病因病机及辨治施治均不同于热入营分。从寒湿入营的特点及鉴别角度进一步梳理、更新、完善寒湿疫辨证理论体系,诠释寒湿入营理论的临床意义,以期为寒湿疫危重症防治提供新思路。

中药穴位贴敷配合艾灸治疗脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预在中药穴位贴敷配合艾灸治疗脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛应用效果。方法选取福鼎市医院在2021年2月至2022年11月期间接诊的脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛患者68例作为分析对象,以随机数字表法分组模式将其分为观察组和对照组,对照组34例常规护理,观察组34例实施中医药穴位贴敷配合艾灸护理干预,对两组干预效果、症状改善及满意度等进行比较。结果干预后,观察组反酸、胃痛、恶心呕吐、腹胀、腹泻评分等中医证候积分、VAS评分、不良反应发生率均低于对照组(均P<0.05);干预后,观察组SF-36生活质量评分、护理满意度评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对于脾胃虚寒型胃脘痛患者在实施中药穴位贴敷配合艾灸治疗后,强化护理干预,效果肯定,可有效改善症状,提高生活质量,提高护理满意度,降低疼痛程度,减少不良反应。