A Study of Triangle Inequality Violations in Social Network Clustering

Clustering a social network is a process of grouping social actors into clusters where intra-cluster similarities among actors are higher than inter-cluster similarities. Clustering approaches, i.e. , k-medoids or hierarchical, use the distance function to measure the dissimilarities among actors. These distance functions need to fulfill various properties, including the triangle inequality (TI). However, in some cases, the triangle inequality might be violated, impacting the quality of the resulting clusters. With experiments, this paper explains how TI violates while performing traditional clustering techniques: k-medoids, hierarchical, DENGRAPH, and spectral clustering on social networks and how the violation of TI affects the quality of the resulting clusters.

A quantification model of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in children with idiopathic precocious puberty and early puberty

OBJECTIVE:To establish a quantification model of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes by sampling patients undergoing idiopathic precocious puberty(IPP)and early puberty.METHODS:A questionnaire for classifying and quantifying TCM syndromes was designed and administered.All the results were analyzed;the relationship between 3 types of syndrome and 47symptoms were summated.Meanwhile,the frequency distribution of each symptom or sign was aggregated.Fuzzy mathematics was used to develop a quantification model ofTCM syndromes.RESULTS:We found that precocious puberty had 3types of syndrome,including hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency(Syndrome I),depressed liver Qi transforming into fire(Syndrome II),and end retention of damp heat(Syndrome III).In the IPP group,Syndrome I was the most common principal syndrome(100%).Forty-six patients(43.81%)werediagnosed with Syndrome I accompanied by Syndrome II and 11(10.48%)were diagnosed with Syndrome I accompanied by Syndrome III.In the early puberty group,Syndrome I was also the main syndrome(98.39%).The degrees of most symptoms were mild to moderate.Reddened tongue was the most common tongue manifestation(62.86%prevalence)in the IPP group.The most common pulse manifestations were slippery pulse,thread pulse,and taut pulse.The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient(ANC)method was used to quantify the TCM syndromes in 167 cases.Diagnostic accuracy rate reached 91%,comparable to expert diagnosis.CONCLUSION:We find that there are 3 types of syndrome in the IPP group and in the early puberty group.Syndrome I(hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency)is the main syndrome in the two groups.ANC may be an appropriate for quantification model ofTCM syndromes.

Rebuilding of the Diamond Model Based on Evolutionary Economics and Demonstration of Industrial Clusters in China

The Industrial Clusters show more competitive advantage in the world obviously since 1970＇s, which attracts extensive attention from all over the world. As the most important researches of the New Economic Geography, Poter＇s diamond model generalizes the internal mechanism of clusters, but the model has not given the microcosmic status of the factors of the clusters, therefore, it is significant to go deeper into the diamond model and the dissertation wishes to do some researches deeply.Based on the actuality of research, this paper surveys Porter＇s diamond model from the Evolutionary Economics, and combines the research of the field with the instance in China, then puts forward the diamond model of twin-screw and implements the model into traditional industrial clusters in Zheiiang province. Detailed explaining is as follows. The main innovations of the dissertation are as follows： （1） having taken the points of biology into economics, and developing the Evolutionary Economics creatively; （2） having proved the diamond model, put forward a twin-screw microcosmic model for the first time, and tried to study the dynamic and solid relationships of each factor in the diamond model, which is the most important innovation of the dissertation.