Analysis on the Changes of Research Hotspots in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Knowledge Graph

Objective: To grasp the changing trend of research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and to better play the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases. Methods: The research literature from 2020 to 2022 was searched in the CNKI database, and CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis. Results: The papers on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine changed from cases, overviews, reports, and efficacy studies to more in-depth mechanism research, theoretical exploration, and social impact analysis, and finally formed a theory-clinical-society Influence-institutional change and other multi-dimensional achievement systems. Conclusion: Analyzing the changing trends of TCM hotspots in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 can fully understand the important value of TCM, take the coordination of TCM and Western medicine as an important means to deal with public health security incidents, and promote the exploration of the potential efficacy of TCM, so as to enhance the role of TCM in Applications in social stability, emergency security, clinical practice, etc.

Visual Analysis of Knowledge Map of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis Based on CiteSpace

Objective: To analyze the relevant research literature on the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), understand the current research status, hot spots and future development trend in this field, and provide basis and feasible suggestions for further research in this field. Methods: The journal literatures related to the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with TCM in recent 20 years in CNKI database were searched and passed through CiteSpace 5.8.R3 generates the knowledge map of relevant literature authors, document issuing institutions and keywords, and makes visual analysis. Results: A total of 1,576 documents were included, and the annual number of documents showed a fluctuating upward trend, forming a relatively stable research team represented by authors such as LYU Xiaodong, PANG Lijian and LIU Chuang;According to the atlas of document issuing institutions, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospitals ranked first in the number of documents issued, and the cooperation between institutions is dominated by the University of traditional Chinese medicine and its affiliated hospitals;Keyword cluster analysis shows that a large number of studies have been carried out in the field of etiology and pathogenesis, TCM compound, clinic and experiment. Conclusion: The research on the prevention and treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with TCM has a high degree of attention, but the cooperation network between the research authors and institutions needs to be strengthened. The research on the pathogenesis and improving the quality of life of patients is the trend of development in the future.

Visual Analysis of the Application and Development Trend of Cinnamon in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on CiteSpace

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the application and development trend of Chinese medicinal material cinnamon in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Articles published from 2008 to 2023 were exported using"cinnamon"as the subject word in the Chinese database of CNKI.Knowledge graphs were drawn by CiteSpace software on the number of articles published,the institutions publishing articles,and keyword clustering,and the data were sorted by Excel.Combined with the extracted information,the application of cinnamon in traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was analyzed,and its development trend was discussed and prospected,providing further reference for researchers.[Results]The number of articles published showed an overall upward trend and maintained a high number of articles.In the analysis of the journals publishing articles,the journal with the largest number of articles was West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,which had certain representativeness.In the analysis of institutions publishing articles,the institution with the largest number of articles was Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,and most institutions had little cooperation.Four categories was obtained in keyword clustering,respectively,general research,component identification,production process and product development of cinnamon."Glycyrrhizin"was the keyword with the earliest burst time,and the hot words that have received much attention in recent years are"medication law"and"data mining".[Conclusions]The application of cinnamon in the field of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly to treat diseases and as raw materials for traditional Chinese medicine products.The development trend is"quality control"and"product research and development".Further research and development of cinnamon in traditional Chinese medicine need to promote the participation of more institutions to participate,and cooperation and communication between institutions should be strengthened to promote the deep integration of production,research and academia.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Automated Diagnosis Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning

Syndrome differentiation is the core diagnosis method of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).We propose a method that simulates syndrome differentiation through deductive reasoning on a knowledge graph to achieve automated diagnosis in TCM.We analyze the reasoning path patterns from symptom to syndromes on the knowledge graph.There are two kinds of path patterns in the knowledge graph:one-hop and two-hop.The one-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes immediately.The two-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes through the nature of disease,etiology,and pathomechanism to support the diagnostic reasoning.Considering the different support strengths for the knowledge paths in reasoning,we design a dynamic weight mechanism.We utilize Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF to implement the reasoning method and the weighted score calculation.The proposed method reasons the syndrome results by calculating the possibility according to the weighted score of the path in the knowledge graph based on the reasoning path patterns.We evaluate the method with clinical records and clinical practice in hospitals.The preliminary results suggest that the method achieves high performance and can help TCM doctors make better diagnosis decisions in practice.Meanwhile,the method is robust and explainable under the guide of the knowledge graph.It could help TCM physicians,especially primary physicians in rural areas,and provide clinical decision support in clinical practice.

Sino-Russian cooperation on the sustainable utilization of Arctic biological resources: modernizing traditional knowledge

Considering the effects of global warming,humans need to face the possibility of an ice-free Arctic during summer.Russia spans Eurasia and occupies more Arctic lands than any other country.This vast area has a great variety of species,and the geography and environment of the Arctic have endowed these species with unique and valuable properties.All the world’s ancient nations have their traditional knowledge.The indigenous traditional knowledge of the Arctic and the knowledge embedded in traditional Chinese medicine are part of the world’s time-honored wisdom.Some of this ancient lore cannot be verified by modern scientific methods,but the methods are effective in practice,triggering further exploration and innovation.Russian Arctic indigenous people have a long history of using the Arctic biological resources.The use of therapeutic materials in traditional Chinese medicine has many similarities with the use of Arctic biological resources by indigenous peoples.Both types of traditional knowledge can inspire new approaches to the development of the Arctic biological resources.China and Russia are among the world’s largest countries,and it is important that they cooperate in developing the Arctic biological resources.The development of sustainable use of these resources,while updating traditional knowledge,is an urgently needed investment that requires an innovative approach.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Community-based Natural Resource Management in Northeast India

Community-based natural resource management in northeast India has a long history. Indigenous knowledge and adaptation are the collective information, with improvement from generation to generation. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity will play a significant role in natural resource management through traditional practices. This paper discusses the characteristics and application of the traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginal peoples in northeast India and its role in natural resource management. Examples are provided in two different eco-cultural landscapes, i.e., Demazong (the Buddhist eco-cultural landscape in Sikkim Himalaya) and the Apatani eco-cultural landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, which illustrate the utility value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable natural resource management. Both eco-cultural landscapes are indeed very complex and highly evolved systems with high levels of economic and ecological efficiencies. The paper concludes that traditional ecological knowledge systems and institutions could serve as entry points into the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. This could be achieved through the exploration of the cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. With rapidly depleting biodiversity in the developing tropic regions, there is a greater utilization today than ever before of the value of respecting the "Sacred" as a tool towards better conservation of natural resources.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Sacred Groves and Conservation of Biodiversity in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve of India

The sacred groves in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR) of India were studied to understand the concept of traditional ecological and biodiversity conservation systems. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the selected villages of the PBR along with the survey of sacred groves. In 10 selected villages of the PBR 7 sacred groves were managed by Mawasi and 16 sacred groves by Gond tribal communities. Different deities were worshipped in the sacred groves and each grove was named after the deity dwelling in the respective sacred grove. A total of 19 such deities were recorded during the survey worshipped by the local people. In study area, various traditional customs associated with sacred groves were in practice. The sacred groves were rich in plant genetic diversity and were composed of many ethnobotanically useful species, including wild edible fruits, medicinal plants, fodder, fuelwood and timber yielding species. Given the importance of conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem attempts should be made to maintain the sanctity of sacred groves.

Agro-biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge on Tunisian Coastal Oases

The Tunisian coastal oases constitute a model of very rich plant biodiversity, organized in different floors of cultivation. The date palm is the highest, the second is the diversified fruit trees and the smallest is composed by various other productions. The present paper is the results of a RAA diagnosis and bibliographic analysis of nearly thirty years of work on oases. The aim of this study is to focus on the plant diversity and the traditions in using different products. The survey revealed the existence of nearly 45 local date palm varieties, about 26 fruit trees, 65 vegetables and divers other species. It also raises nearly 30 uses of dates and date palm by-products. This survey shows also that oases inhabitants keep in possessing, for a long time, a knowledge to make ingenious concerning use and conservation of the products and by products of the date palm. This survey has all as much demonstrated the risks from weakening this balance which has long been maintained. Some recommendations to maintain and conserve this system are also presented in this paper.

Tacit Knowledge Mining:The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world.TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM.The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM.As the essence of the TCM,TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive,complicated,relativistic,highly individualized,constantly innovative,the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment,as well as difficult to explicate.It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment.Besides the traditional master‑apprentice,family‑based,school‑based,and inheritance and education methods,together with the inheritance based on the books,images,and network platforms,in the process of TCM modernization,a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge.In this study,we introduced the usage of SECI model,complexity adaptive system,latent variable model,and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining.An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM.Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods,modern mining methods,and further the artificial intelligence,the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development,and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.

Teething in infants—Knowledge and attitude of traditional birth attendants in Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction: Misconceptions are associated with the teething process in Nigeria and is often blamed for symptoms in infants. A horrendous incident occurred in Nigeria in 2008 which recorded 84 infant deaths due to consumption of adulterated teething syrup to prevent teething problems. In the quest to engage the populace, particularly mothers, in health education to change this erroneous mindset about teething, it will be necessary and more cost effective to involve Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA’s) who can be invaluable in assisting to dispel myths associated teething as they live and work among the local populace and many times give counsel to mothers. Aim: To assess the attitude and beliefs of TBA’s in Ibadan, to teething in infants. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among TBA’s in Ibadan, Nigeria. A thirteen item interviewer administered questionnaire was distributed to all 163 TBA’s in the five urban local government areas who agreed to be part of the study. Results: Over half of the respondents (59.5%) and (55.8%) associated the teething process with fever and diarrhea respectively. Other beliefs included boils (49.1%), loss of appetite (48.5%), weight loss (44.2%), and sleeplessness (42.3%). A greater proportion of the older and less educated TBA’s associated teething with fever, diarrhea, boils, loss of appetite and weight loss. The respondents would advise analgesics (55.8%), teething powder (67.5%), antibiotics (12.3%), concoctions (4.3%) and sedatives (4.3%) as teething remedies. There was a greater tendency for less educated TBA’s to advise the use of concoctions?and antibiotics. Conclusion: The study reveals grave misconceptions among TBA’s who in developing countries like Nigeria give counsel to mothers in the various communities. There is an urgent need for health education to the TBA’s particularly the older and less educated ones.

Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Food and Water Security in the Semi-Arid Turkana County, Kenya

Weather extremes negatively affect socioeconomic developments in arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) and increase vulnerability of residents to food and water insecurity. Thus, communities adapt to such extremes of weather using Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and/or Modern Technologies. Modern farming technologies and land resource developments in ASALs have in past ignored TEK, and in most cases led to undesired outcomes. It’s against this backdrop that this study was conceived to assess TEK among the Turkana people, its application and contribution to food and water security. The research adopted a cross-sectional social survey in collecting data from Central Turkana Sub-County residents. The study revealed that the Turkana people possess vast knowledge related to their environment;that this TEK plays a significant role in food production, preservation and in natural resource management. For instance, in 82% of the respondents use TEK in enhancing livestock production through the selection of livestock species that are suitable and drought tolerant;over 70% of them use TEK in reducing risk associated with livestock losses due to prolonged droughts. Further, TEK influenced the development and conservation of the water resources (r = 0.631;p < 0.01) including siting boreholes and wells. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.755;p < 0.01) between TEK and food security. TEK should be incorporated into the decision-making processes involving development projects within the ASALs.

Understanding of Traditional Knowledge and Indigenous Institutions on Sustainable Land Management in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

The paper is based on a study whose objective is to provide an understanding of the extent to which traditional knowledge and indigenous institutions for natural resource governance remain relevant to solving current land degradation issues and how they are integrated in formal policy process in Kilimanjaro Region. Data collection for this study combined qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 221 individuals from households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire;41 in-depth interviews and 24 focus group discussions were held. Findings indicate that the community acknowledges that there is traditional knowledge and indigenous institutions regarding sustainable land management. However, awareness of the traditional knowledge and practices varied between districts. Rural-based districts were found to be more aware and therefore practiced more of traditional knowledge than urban based districts. Variations in landscape features such as proneness to drought, landslides and soil erosion have also attracted variable responses among the communities regarding traditional knowledge and indigenous practices of sustainable land management. In addition, men were found to have more keen interest in conserving the land than women as well as involvement in other traditional practices of sustainable land management. This is due to the fact that, customarily, it is men who inherit and own land. This, among other factors, could have limited the integration of traditional knowledge and indigenous institutions in village by-laws and overall policy process. The paper concludes by recommending that traditional knowledge and indigenous institutions for sustainable land management should be promoted among the younger generations so as to capture their interest, and ensure that successful practices are effectively integrated into the national policies and strategies.

Expression model for multiple relationships in the ontology of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge

Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.

Traditional agroecological knowledge and practices:The drivers and opportunities for adaptation actions in the northern region of Ghana

Agroecological practices are promoted as a more proactive approach than conventional agriculture to achieving a collective global response to climate change and variability while building robust and resilient agricultural systems to meet food needs and protect the integrity of ecosystems.There is relatively limited evidence on the key traditional agroecological knowledge and practices adopted by smallholder farmers,the factors that influence smallholder farmers’decision to adopt these practices,and the opportunities it presents for building resilient agricultural systems.Using a multi-scale mixed method approach,we conducted key informant interviews(n=12),focus group discussions(n=5),and questionnaire surveys(N=220)to explore the traditional agroecological knowledge and practices,the influencing factors,and the opportunities smallholder farmers presented for achieving resilient agricultural systems.Our findings suggest that smallholder farmers employ a suite of traditional agroecological knowledge and practices to enhance food security,combat climate change,and build resilient agricultural systems.The most important traditional agroecological knowledge and practices in the study area comprise cultivating leguminous crops,mixed crop-livestock systems,and crop rotation,with Relative Importance Index(RII)values of 0.710,0.708,and 0.695,respectively.It is reported that the choice of these practices by smallholder farmers is influenced by their own farming experience,access to market,access to local resources,information,and expertise,and the perceived risk of climate change.Moreover,the results further show that improving household food security and nutrition,improving soil quality,control of pest and disease infestation,and support from NonGovernmental Organizations(NGOs)and local authorities are opportunities for smallholder farmers in adopting traditional agroecological knowledge and practices for achieving resilient agricultural systems.The findings call into question the need for stakeholders and policy-makers at all levels to develop capacity and increase the awareness of traditional agroecological knowledge and practices as mechanisms to ensure resilient agricultural systems for sustainable food security.

Using Icons in a Knowledge Based System for Traditional Medicine

MedTrad＋ is an expert system for African Traditional Medicine where actors are often illiterate. Its originality lies in the use of icons instead of textual content of facts. It has been created by GExpert＋ which is An Expert system Generator based on the use of icons in a Web environment. With its iconic interface GExpert＋ allows any user to overcome any intermediary for the management and the use of its knowledge base. Traditional healers from Yamoussoukro region are working toward its validation.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Practices of Ethnic Kyrgyz of the Eastem Pamir in Ethnotoponyms

The author analyzes ethnotoponyms, the local place names of Kyrgyz people living in the Murgab region of Tajikistan＇s Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous region. The author conducted field research in the region in 2010-2015. The article also builds on data from the works of pre-Soviet Russian and western travelers, who studied the region at middle 19th early 20th centuries. The author concludes that local place names given by Kyrgyz people to the mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys reflect the unique features of natural landscapes of Eastern Pamir as well as Kyrgyz nomads＇ empirical observations of natural phenomena and processes, livelihoods and nomadic values.

Ethnobotany and Indigenous Traditional Knowledge in Brazil: Contributions to Research in Ecopsychology

This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to investigatethe plants used by these indigenous people, their diverse uses and tounderstand how traditional knowledge is passed on to new generations.This is a qualitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary survey, whose datacollection strategies included the application of semi-structured questionnairesand collection of plants for cataloguing according to AngiospermPhylogeny Group or APG III (2009). We identified 26 plant species, usedfor various purposes such as medicinal use, food, construction, craft andcultural, which were deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal Universityof Tocantins. Roots, stem and leaf are the plant parts most used bythe community. The plants mentioned were most frequently found on thebanks of the Javaés River and in the backyard of the residences. Significanttraditional knowledge of these people about the plants are transmittedto new generations, through visual, orality and experimentation. Ethnobotanicalstudies strengthen research in ecopsychology while allowingresearch into the interactions between human populations and plants.

Community nurses＇ knowledge need toward traditional chinese medicine and related factors in China： A cross-sectional survey

Purpose：The aim of the study was to examine the knowledge need toward Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in nurses who worked in Community Health Centers, and to explore the related factors in the current situation of China. Subject and setting： Participants worked in five community health centres across Chaoyang Beijing, and each com- munity health centre includes 4-7 health stations. A questionnaire survey was administered to 218 registered commu- nity nurses using cluster sampling. The investigation was conducted after obtaining informed consent from each par- ticipant. Design： A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to gather data in this study. Instruments： The survey tool was a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire designed by experts in TCM and related fields, which had good face va- lidity and internal consistency. Results： The nursing technology of TCM scored highest score in our research （42.87±5.74）. Next came disease prevention in TCM （21.02±2.67）. The lowest mean score was for the usage of Chinese herbal medicine （15.03±2.77）. The significant related factors for nurses＇ knowledge need towards TCM were educa- tional background （P 〈 0.05）, working unit （P 〈 0.01）, ＂on-the-job training on TCM＂ （P 〈 0.01） and ＂have studied lit- erature on Chinese medicine＂ （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： This results suggest nurses working in community care would like to learn more about TCM. Improving community nurses＇ understanding and learning of TCM can promote the application and promotion of TCM nursing technology in the community. Therefore, we could adopt targeted education for community nurses, in order to meet their knowledge needs, and to promote the application of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge to the community.

On the Construction of Knowledge Ecology Models in the Strategic Change from Traditional Enterprises to Innovative Enterprises from the Perspective of Combination Innovation

The paper expounds the extensive ecological process of knowledge creation in the strategic change from traditional enterprises to innovative enterprises from the perspective of integrating innovation,analyzes the systematic integration process of the three links including knowledge preparation,knowledge production and knowledge diffusion in the two different change paths of integrated innovation and digestive absorption innovation,and establishes the knowledge ecology models in different paths.

Collecting Knowledge about Medicinal Ingredients in Northwestern Sichuan in the 1950s

This article explores China’s state-level knowledge production on medicinal ingredients in northwestern Sichuan in the 1950s.Drawing on county-level archives,published materials and interviews,this historical article traces how different levels of governments and state-owned trading companies produced knowledge about medicinal ingredients and its production.It argues that on one hand the state’s procurement standards codified the knowledge about medicinal ingredients from the marketplace and the local producers.On the other hand,direct extraction of knowledge from the medicine gatherers and cultivators verbalized and collected the previously tacit local knowledge about the production of medicinal ingredients,which would help to alleviate the shortage in the supply of traditional Chinese medicines throughout the 1950s.