Technical Notes on Tibetan Tantric Buddhist Painting Artistic Heritage and Traditional Techniques

Among various arts and crafts in Tibet, painting appears to enjoy a uniquely crucial position in both the religious centres and the lives of ordinary Tibetan people. This paper examines the traditional techniques, methods, and materials used in Tibetan （Tantric） Buddhist painting by observing its working process at first hand, and having attended a number of its exhibitions, art workshops, and other resources both at home and overseas. The survey of the technical aspect of Tibetan painting is primarily based upon the general usage of materials, as well as the method and the usual order of their application that relates to most kinds of mural paintings in Tibet, and which are less well-known in the West This paper aims to present a rich and somewhat complicated range of methods and materials of Tibetan （Tantric] Buddhist art tradition. To its end, the author hopes it also provides more indication of its possible influence of the traditional artistic wealth in Tibet on contemporary artists working in relation to this culture.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques for the management of postoperative complications in mixed hemorrhoids

Mixed hemorrhoids,especially ring-shaped mixed hemorrhoid,is still a headache for anorectal surgeons due to its post-operative complications.In recent years,clinicians have been studying and exploring to avoid and alleviate these complications.In the Chinese medicine industry,the application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology has good and unique effect in prevent local pain,perianal edema,promote wound healing,relieve urinary retention,improve constipation,relieve anxiety,and so on.This article summarized the evidences of investigated the role of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in preventing and treating mixed hemorrhoid so that practitioners can make decision based on the best available evidences.

The feasibility of the actual combat application of the traditional martial arts techniques in modem combat challenge

The traditional Chinese martial arts are the pride of the Chinese national specialties, but with the development of the western modem combat, some traditional martial arts bias appeared, such as the argument of the real fight of the traditional martial arts. This paper starts from the traditional historical origin, and analyzes the actual combat possibility of traditional martial arts to study the feasibility of the actual combat application of the traditional martial arts techniques in modem combat challenge.

2D Animation Hybrid Technique Combining Traditional and Digital Technique Based on Analytical Motion and Physics

Great Animation not just drawing sequence of images or just combining images into frame by frame whatever motion will be, but Great Animation actually based on Physics, Biology and Lip sync. 2D Animation Hybrid Technique is combination of Traditional Technique and Digital Technique, but the motion also based on analytical motion and physics. Traditional technique using mostly stop motion technique and experiment in any material animated objects, such as celluloid, sand, pebble, clay, doll, flour, or any objects that can be animated. This day digital technique is widely used mostly using computer hardware and software, and a lot of 2D animation software out there that can be used to create 2D animation. 2D Animation Hybrid Technique is a new technique that combining the traditional 2D animation technique but not using stop motion technique and with digital technique using computer and software, this technique become possible using image scanning technology that can digitizing any image from photo to hand drawn image. Then the sequence hand drawn animation edited in frame by frame also layer by layer using certain software in computer to create illusion of motion. The motion itself not just using any sense of art but also using physics, biology especially anatomy when needed to create such realism motion or perhaps funny motion in cartoon style animation.

Review of recent trends in friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites

Welding is a vital component of several industries such as automotive,aerospace,robotics,and construction.Without welding,these industries utilize aluminum alloys for the manufacturing of many components or systems.However,fusion welding of aluminum alloys is challenging due to several factors,including the presence of non-heat-treatable alloys,porosity,solidification,and liquation of cracks.Many manufacturers adopt conventional in-air friction stir welding(FSW)to weld metallic alloys and dissimilar materials.Many researchers reported the drawbacks of this traditional in-air FSW technique in welding metallic and polymeric materials in general and aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in specific.A number of FSW techniques were developed recently,such as underwater friction stir welding(UFSW),vibrational friction-stir welding(VFSW),and others,for welding of aluminum alloy joints to overcome the issues of welding using conventional FSW.Therefore,the main objective of this review is to summarize the recent trends in FSW process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites(Al MMCs).Also,it discusses the effect of welding parameters of the traditional and state-of-the-art developed FSW techniques on the welding quality and strength of aluminum alloys and Al MMCs.Comparison among the techniques and advantages and limitations of each are considered.The review suggests that VFSW is a viable option for welding aluminum joints due to its energy efficiency,economic cost,and versatile modifications that can be employed based on the application.This review also illustrated that significantly less attention has been paid to FSW of Al-MMCs and considerable attention is demanded to produce qualified joint.

On Pre-writing Activities

One of the difficulties that students often encounter in writing is how to get started. Students often feel puzzled about how to generate good ideas on an essay topic. This paper explores several pre-writing activities as a solution to such a problem. Compared with the traditional teaching pattern, these effective ways have the following advantages： （1） They help students stimulate thoughts for getting started and make writing easier; （2） They help students remove the mental block and distraction that prevent ideas from coming out; （3） They help students write in a more motivating and stimulating way instead of pondering over an essay topic alone; （4） They help create a cooperative and enjoyable atmosphere in the writing class.

Traditional manufacturing of clay brick used in the historical buildings of Diyarbakir （Turkey）

Clay brick is the most common construction materia（ used in the historical buildings of Diyarbaklr （Turkey）. Many clay brick manufacturing workshops and numerous brick masters have emerged. Diyarbakir currently has two clay brick workshops that face the problem of being closed down. Therefore, manufacturing of clay brick by traditional methods may be forgotten in Diyarbakir. This study investigates the manufacturing phases of traditional clay bricks in Diyarbakir＇s local workshops, which have not been documented. The manufacturin8 phases of the clay bricks in Diyarbaklr were examined for the first time based on in-situ observations, investigations, and interviews. The research indicated the general phases of clay brick manufacturing. Raw materials are first prepared, formed, and dried. The firing of clay bricks is then performed through hacking, heating, burning, coolins, and de-hacking. The clay bricks are finally packaged and dispatched. The traditional manufacturing of clay brick methods in Diyarbaklr is similar in many regions of the world. The clay bricks are currently and extensfvely used in the restoration of historic structures. Therefore, their production must be continuous.