Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware deci...Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware decision-making security architecture with multiple controllers, which could coordinate heterogeneous controllers internally as a "big" controller. This architecture includes an additional plane, the scheduling plane, which consists of transponder, sensor, decider and scheduler. Meanwhile it achieves the functions of communicating, supervising and scheduling between data and control plane. In this framework, we adopt the vote results from the majority of controllers to determine valid flow rules distributed to switches. Besides, an aware dynamic scheduling(ADS) mechanism is devised in scheduler to intensify security of Mcad-SA further. Combined with perception, ADS takes advantage of heterogeneity and redundancy of controllers to enable the control plane operate in a dynamic, reliable and unsteady state, which results in significant difficulty of probing systems and executing attacks. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed methods indicate better security resilience over traditional architectures as they have lower failure probability when facing attacks.展开更多
The architecture of Qeshm Island includes the specific architectural style of a warm and wet area, which previously had a functional use aimed to reach a sustainable architecture and development. However, few studies ...The architecture of Qeshm Island includes the specific architectural style of a warm and wet area, which previously had a functional use aimed to reach a sustainable architecture and development. However, few studies on the identification of the characteristics of vernacular architecture and their roles in island stability have been performed. Thus, to understand the vernacular architecture of the island as a sustainable pattern, we discussed it separately in three aspects, namely, urban fabric, one-based architecture, and architectural details. To address our study, a part of the old fabric of the city with its existing buildings （42 buildings of 70 years of age） was selected and evaluated in a qualitative study. Results showed that in the scale of the urban fabric, factors, such as the structures of the buildings, the frame of the neighborhood spaces, and in terms of the architectural details, factors, such as bars, thickness of the watts, and the openings, are among the vernacular features of the area, playing an important rote in the stability of Qeshm Island. In general, studies showed that vernacular architecture of the island has focused on developing an orientation between the climate of the region and a good understanding of the construction.展开更多
This work examined the evidence-based design （EBD） and post-occupancy research of hospital healing gardens. The lack of statutory design guidelines raises concerns on how such gardens are created and whether they me...This work examined the evidence-based design （EBD） and post-occupancy research of hospital healing gardens. The lack of statutory design guidelines raises concerns on how such gardens are created and whether they meet the intended design purpose. This issue is particularly important for hospitals because a neutral or even a negative effect on users can be generated. A systematic analysis of the literature in two databases （Scopus and Web of Science） was undertaken. Results showed that pre- and post-occupancy research findings on hospital healing garden design are sparse and design recommendations vary among users. Despite the tack of research on the design of healing gardens, the review showed that while post-occupancy research findings evaluate the effectiveness of design recommendations, pre-occupancy research findings, combined with site analysis, constitute a traditional approach followed in landscape architecture practice and determine the site and user features that must be addressed for each hospital. Pre- and post-research findings must be considered in the design process to create a “successful” healing garden. A summary of EBD recommendations for different users is presented, and the need to enrich the existing amount of EBD recommenda-tions is highlighted.展开更多
Recent innovations in modern architectural technology facilitated the development and widespread uti（isation of sustainable commercia（ bui（dings for sustainable socia｜ devetopment. In this research, commercial arc...Recent innovations in modern architectural technology facilitated the development and widespread uti（isation of sustainable commercia（ bui（dings for sustainable socia｜ devetopment. In this research, commercial architecture in Austratia is demonstrated as a basis for determining how sustainab（e technology could be controlled and what the eco-maintenance and materia（s of major building elements should be. This research also analyzes and describes the sustainable commercial architecture background in Austra（ia. A widety integrated approach is emp（oyed in the critical process of general architectura（ design because commercial buildings must integrate sociology, architecture, and aesthetics.展开更多
Architecture analysis ＆ design language （AADL） has been increasingly adopted in the design of em- bedded systems, and corresponding scheduling and formal verification have been well studied. However, little work ta...Architecture analysis ＆ design language （AADL） has been increasingly adopted in the design of em- bedded systems, and corresponding scheduling and formal verification have been well studied. However, little work takes code distribution and architecture exploration into ac- count, particularly considering clock constraints, for dis- tributed multi-processor systems. In this paper, we present an overview of our approach to handle these concerns, together with the associated toolchain, AADL-PoLYCHRONY-SYNDEx. First, in order to avoid semantic ambiguities of AADL, the polychronous/multiclock semantics of AADL, based on a polychronous model of computation, is considered. Clock synthesis is then carried out in POLYCHRONY, which bridges the gap between the polychronous semantics and the syn- chronous semantics of SYNDEx. The same timing semantics is always preserved in order to ensure the correctness of the transformations between different formalisms. Code distri- bution and corresponding scheduling is carried out on the obtained SYNDEx model in the last step, which enables the exploration of architectures originally specified in AADL. Our contribution provides a fast yet efficient architecture ex- ploration approach for the design of distributed real-time and embedded systems. An avionic case study is used here to illustrate our approach.展开更多
Joglo and Limasan are traditional Javanese architecture structures and the most preferred vernacular dwellings in Java. These houses spread to other areas through Central Java and the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia....Joglo and Limasan are traditional Javanese architecture structures and the most preferred vernacular dwellings in Java. These houses spread to other areas through Central Java and the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. Given the local characteristics, the architecture of these structures is not merely identical in some aspects but is also based on the people and the natural environment. This study examines how environmental synchronization related to vernacular sustainability can be achieved based on the regional diversity between Joglo and Limasan in Centrat Java for contemporary custom. The architectural features of form, size, orientation, materials, and openings from samples of 10 areas in rural Central Java are compared to discover their distinctive sustainability methods. This study aims to prove the capability of the Javanese to synchronize their house in various ways. The reasons behind such synchronization are explored from both natural and social aspects to gain an enhanced understanding of the disparity in vernacular architecture in relation with the environment. Results indicate that within the same category, houses in each area show their indigenous architecture as result of synchronization with the local nature and the social circumstances of the people.展开更多
Inaugurated in June 2012, the Carapace at Castelbuono Estate Winery in Italy is a highly interesting example of biomorphic architecture. The structure, an artistic creation of world-renowned sculptor Arnatdo Pomodoro,...Inaugurated in June 2012, the Carapace at Castelbuono Estate Winery in Italy is a highly interesting example of biomorphic architecture. The structure, an artistic creation of world-renowned sculptor Arnatdo Pomodoro, is reminiscent of a tortoise shell that conveys a sense of protection： the Carapace structure guards wine barriques in the same way that the tortoise carapace protects the animal. Zoomorphic aspects are further exhibited by symbots on the roof, which remind observers of cuttlefish bone, a recurring element in the artistic production of Maestro Pomodoro. The roof was constructed by assembly of single copper plates with a rough surface in accordance with the design of the artist. Therefore, determining the appropriate production process was crucial. Etectroforming was selected as the method to achieve a challenging architectural goal.展开更多
The internet of things （loT） attracts great interest in many application domains concerned with monitoring and ：ontrol of physical phenomena. However, application devel- opment is still one of the main hurdles to a...The internet of things （loT） attracts great interest in many application domains concerned with monitoring and ：ontrol of physical phenomena. However, application devel- opment is still one of the main hurdles to a wide adoption of IoT technology. Application development is done at a low level, very close to the operating system and requires pro- grammers to focus on low-level system issues. The under- lying APIs can be very complicated and the amount of data collected can be huge. This can be very hard to deal with as a developer. In this paper, we present a runtime model based approach to IoT application development. First, the manage- ability of sensor devices is abstracted as runtime models that are automatically connected with the corresponding systems. Second, a customized model is constructed according to a personalized application scenario and the synchronization be- tween the customized model and sensor device runtime mod- els is ensured through model transformation. Thus, all the application logic can be carried out by executing programs on the customized model. An experiment on a real-world ap- plication scenario demonstrates the feasibility, effectiveness, and benefits of the new approach to IoT application develop- ment.展开更多
The period in Kosovo from the 1970s to the early 1980s is important yet insufficiently explored. The period is characterized by a liberal approach toward the development of the region. Such development of Kosovo was e...The period in Kosovo from the 1970s to the early 1980s is important yet insufficiently explored. The period is characterized by a liberal approach toward the development of the region. Such development of Kosovo was evident in all spheres of life, including architecture, which functions as an integral part of a society and its progress. This progress was ＂supported＂ with an intention to overpower the existing architectural environment and the overall identity of the region in some way. However, when this progress was realized wherein numerous buildings considered important were materialized, an intention to have the earlier and ＂original＂ spatial structures to be replaced became evident. In the case of Kosovo, the term ＂liberal＂ can be understood negatively and positively. From the architectural viewpoint, desi^Ins tend to follow technological advances and ＂trends＂ of the time. Consequently, the materialization of such buildings, which are surrounded by symbolisms related to different types of identity and leading toward regional modernism, is an important part to emphasize. The current study aims to consider important thoughts about architectural identity and its categories in general but specific to the context of Kosovo. The history of the region has a critical story of influences toward its formation. Although several philosophies were accepted by the mass, others produced the antidote of the actual input. This study considers theimportance of finding the best possible interpretation of Kosovo＇s architectural identity, such that Kosovo can be well known in the future as it was in the past.展开更多
Critics have pointed at new technologies as cutprits in the decline of civic life, neighboring and social capital construction in Western societies. When applied to community design and ptanning processes, technologie...Critics have pointed at new technologies as cutprits in the decline of civic life, neighboring and social capital construction in Western societies. When applied to community design and ptanning processes, technologies can empower residents to actively engage in decision-making, foster connections across social groups, with positive consequences on life and sociatization in public spaces. What kind of participation do technotogies foster？ And is it the kind that bridges social and ideotogical divides？ The 2012 community design process for Hawthorne Park in Medford, Oregon illustrates many of the challenges and opportunities connected to the use of new technologies in design. In the process, technologies were instrumental in enlisting a larger-than-usual number of residents to participate in the design of the park. Blogs and online questionnaires were successful in gathering people＇s thoughts on the design choices being made, but also favored a limited, intermittent form of engagement. The results are synthesized in principles for the successful integration of web-based technologies in future community design efforts： adaptability, fuji participation, nuanced participation and the need for links to the physical realm.展开更多
This paper reports experiences from three workshops dealing with soundscape as a noise treatment approach in landscape architecture. The workshops were conducted between 2012 and 2016 in different contexts, for differ...This paper reports experiences from three workshops dealing with soundscape as a noise treatment approach in landscape architecture. The workshops were conducted between 2012 and 2016 in different contexts, for different purposes and with different participants. The paper describes the workshop approach employed and analyzes the proposals made by workshop participants to employ ＂soundscape action＂ as an operational tool in landscape architecture projects. Through a process of ＇keywording＇ and clustering proposals from the workshops, 22 pragmatic soundscape actions emerged and are described on a generat level. The paper then discusses the outcomes and experiences from the workshops and retates this to landscape architecture practice.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61521003)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFB0800100,No.2016YFB0800101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61602509)
文摘Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware decision-making security architecture with multiple controllers, which could coordinate heterogeneous controllers internally as a "big" controller. This architecture includes an additional plane, the scheduling plane, which consists of transponder, sensor, decider and scheduler. Meanwhile it achieves the functions of communicating, supervising and scheduling between data and control plane. In this framework, we adopt the vote results from the majority of controllers to determine valid flow rules distributed to switches. Besides, an aware dynamic scheduling(ADS) mechanism is devised in scheduler to intensify security of Mcad-SA further. Combined with perception, ADS takes advantage of heterogeneity and redundancy of controllers to enable the control plane operate in a dynamic, reliable and unsteady state, which results in significant difficulty of probing systems and executing attacks. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed methods indicate better security resilience over traditional architectures as they have lower failure probability when facing attacks.
文摘The architecture of Qeshm Island includes the specific architectural style of a warm and wet area, which previously had a functional use aimed to reach a sustainable architecture and development. However, few studies on the identification of the characteristics of vernacular architecture and their roles in island stability have been performed. Thus, to understand the vernacular architecture of the island as a sustainable pattern, we discussed it separately in three aspects, namely, urban fabric, one-based architecture, and architectural details. To address our study, a part of the old fabric of the city with its existing buildings （42 buildings of 70 years of age） was selected and evaluated in a qualitative study. Results showed that in the scale of the urban fabric, factors, such as the structures of the buildings, the frame of the neighborhood spaces, and in terms of the architectural details, factors, such as bars, thickness of the watts, and the openings, are among the vernacular features of the area, playing an important rote in the stability of Qeshm Island. In general, studies showed that vernacular architecture of the island has focused on developing an orientation between the climate of the region and a good understanding of the construction.
文摘This work examined the evidence-based design （EBD） and post-occupancy research of hospital healing gardens. The lack of statutory design guidelines raises concerns on how such gardens are created and whether they meet the intended design purpose. This issue is particularly important for hospitals because a neutral or even a negative effect on users can be generated. A systematic analysis of the literature in two databases （Scopus and Web of Science） was undertaken. Results showed that pre- and post-occupancy research findings on hospital healing garden design are sparse and design recommendations vary among users. Despite the tack of research on the design of healing gardens, the review showed that while post-occupancy research findings evaluate the effectiveness of design recommendations, pre-occupancy research findings, combined with site analysis, constitute a traditional approach followed in landscape architecture practice and determine the site and user features that must be addressed for each hospital. Pre- and post-research findings must be considered in the design process to create a “successful” healing garden. A summary of EBD recommendations for different users is presented, and the need to enrich the existing amount of EBD recommenda-tions is highlighted.
文摘Recent innovations in modern architectural technology facilitated the development and widespread uti（isation of sustainable commercia（ bui（dings for sustainable socia｜ devetopment. In this research, commercial architecture in Austratia is demonstrated as a basis for determining how sustainab（e technology could be controlled and what the eco-maintenance and materia（s of major building elements should be. This research also analyzes and describes the sustainable commercial architecture background in Austra（ia. A widety integrated approach is emp（oyed in the critical process of general architectura（ design because commercial buildings must integrate sociology, architecture, and aesthetics.
文摘Architecture analysis ＆ design language （AADL） has been increasingly adopted in the design of em- bedded systems, and corresponding scheduling and formal verification have been well studied. However, little work takes code distribution and architecture exploration into ac- count, particularly considering clock constraints, for dis- tributed multi-processor systems. In this paper, we present an overview of our approach to handle these concerns, together with the associated toolchain, AADL-PoLYCHRONY-SYNDEx. First, in order to avoid semantic ambiguities of AADL, the polychronous/multiclock semantics of AADL, based on a polychronous model of computation, is considered. Clock synthesis is then carried out in POLYCHRONY, which bridges the gap between the polychronous semantics and the syn- chronous semantics of SYNDEx. The same timing semantics is always preserved in order to ensure the correctness of the transformations between different formalisms. Code distri- bution and corresponding scheduling is carried out on the obtained SYNDEx model in the last step, which enables the exploration of architectures originally specified in AADL. Our contribution provides a fast yet efficient architecture ex- ploration approach for the design of distributed real-time and embedded systems. An avionic case study is used here to illustrate our approach.
文摘Joglo and Limasan are traditional Javanese architecture structures and the most preferred vernacular dwellings in Java. These houses spread to other areas through Central Java and the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. Given the local characteristics, the architecture of these structures is not merely identical in some aspects but is also based on the people and the natural environment. This study examines how environmental synchronization related to vernacular sustainability can be achieved based on the regional diversity between Joglo and Limasan in Centrat Java for contemporary custom. The architectural features of form, size, orientation, materials, and openings from samples of 10 areas in rural Central Java are compared to discover their distinctive sustainability methods. This study aims to prove the capability of the Javanese to synchronize their house in various ways. The reasons behind such synchronization are explored from both natural and social aspects to gain an enhanced understanding of the disparity in vernacular architecture in relation with the environment. Results indicate that within the same category, houses in each area show their indigenous architecture as result of synchronization with the local nature and the social circumstances of the people.
文摘Inaugurated in June 2012, the Carapace at Castelbuono Estate Winery in Italy is a highly interesting example of biomorphic architecture. The structure, an artistic creation of world-renowned sculptor Arnatdo Pomodoro, is reminiscent of a tortoise shell that conveys a sense of protection： the Carapace structure guards wine barriques in the same way that the tortoise carapace protects the animal. Zoomorphic aspects are further exhibited by symbots on the roof, which remind observers of cuttlefish bone, a recurring element in the artistic production of Maestro Pomodoro. The roof was constructed by assembly of single copper plates with a rough surface in accordance with the design of the artist. Therefore, determining the appropriate production process was crucial. Etectroforming was selected as the method to achieve a challenging architectural goal.
文摘The internet of things （loT） attracts great interest in many application domains concerned with monitoring and ：ontrol of physical phenomena. However, application devel- opment is still one of the main hurdles to a wide adoption of IoT technology. Application development is done at a low level, very close to the operating system and requires pro- grammers to focus on low-level system issues. The under- lying APIs can be very complicated and the amount of data collected can be huge. This can be very hard to deal with as a developer. In this paper, we present a runtime model based approach to IoT application development. First, the manage- ability of sensor devices is abstracted as runtime models that are automatically connected with the corresponding systems. Second, a customized model is constructed according to a personalized application scenario and the synchronization be- tween the customized model and sensor device runtime mod- els is ensured through model transformation. Thus, all the application logic can be carried out by executing programs on the customized model. An experiment on a real-world ap- plication scenario demonstrates the feasibility, effectiveness, and benefits of the new approach to IoT application develop- ment.
文摘The period in Kosovo from the 1970s to the early 1980s is important yet insufficiently explored. The period is characterized by a liberal approach toward the development of the region. Such development of Kosovo was evident in all spheres of life, including architecture, which functions as an integral part of a society and its progress. This progress was ＂supported＂ with an intention to overpower the existing architectural environment and the overall identity of the region in some way. However, when this progress was realized wherein numerous buildings considered important were materialized, an intention to have the earlier and ＂original＂ spatial structures to be replaced became evident. In the case of Kosovo, the term ＂liberal＂ can be understood negatively and positively. From the architectural viewpoint, desi^Ins tend to follow technological advances and ＂trends＂ of the time. Consequently, the materialization of such buildings, which are surrounded by symbolisms related to different types of identity and leading toward regional modernism, is an important part to emphasize. The current study aims to consider important thoughts about architectural identity and its categories in general but specific to the context of Kosovo. The history of the region has a critical story of influences toward its formation. Although several philosophies were accepted by the mass, others produced the antidote of the actual input. This study considers theimportance of finding the best possible interpretation of Kosovo＇s architectural identity, such that Kosovo can be well known in the future as it was in the past.
文摘Critics have pointed at new technologies as cutprits in the decline of civic life, neighboring and social capital construction in Western societies. When applied to community design and ptanning processes, technologies can empower residents to actively engage in decision-making, foster connections across social groups, with positive consequences on life and sociatization in public spaces. What kind of participation do technotogies foster？ And is it the kind that bridges social and ideotogical divides？ The 2012 community design process for Hawthorne Park in Medford, Oregon illustrates many of the challenges and opportunities connected to the use of new technologies in design. In the process, technologies were instrumental in enlisting a larger-than-usual number of residents to participate in the design of the park. Blogs and online questionnaires were successful in gathering people＇s thoughts on the design choices being made, but also favored a limited, intermittent form of engagement. The results are synthesized in principles for the successful integration of web-based technologies in future community design efforts： adaptability, fuji participation, nuanced participation and the need for links to the physical realm.
文摘This paper reports experiences from three workshops dealing with soundscape as a noise treatment approach in landscape architecture. The workshops were conducted between 2012 and 2016 in different contexts, for different purposes and with different participants. The paper describes the workshop approach employed and analyzes the proposals made by workshop participants to employ ＂soundscape action＂ as an operational tool in landscape architecture projects. Through a process of ＇keywording＇ and clustering proposals from the workshops, 22 pragmatic soundscape actions emerged and are described on a generat level. The paper then discusses the outcomes and experiences from the workshops and retates this to landscape architecture practice.
