C2Net-YOLOv5: A Bidirectional Res2Net-Based Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm

Rapid advancement of intelligent transportation systems(ITS)and autonomous driving(AD)have shown the importance of accurate and efficient detection of traffic signs.However,certain drawbacks,such as balancing accuracy and real-time performance,hinder the deployment of traffic sign detection algorithms in ITS and AD domains.In this study,a novel traffic sign detection algorithm was proposed based on the bidirectional Res2Net architecture to achieve an improved balance between accuracy and speed.An enhanced backbone network module,called C2Net,which uses an upgraded bidirectional Res2Net,was introduced to mitigate information loss in the feature extraction process and to achieve information complementarity.Furthermore,a squeeze-and-excitation attention mechanism was incorporated within the channel attention of the architecture to perform channel-level feature correction on the input feature map,which effectively retains valuable features while removing non-essential features.A series of ablation experiments were conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.The performance was evaluated using two distinct datasets:the Tsinghua-Tencent 100K and the CSUST Chinese traffic sign detection benchmark 2021.On the TT100K dataset,the method achieves precision,recall,and Map0.5 scores of 83.3%,79.3%,and 84.2%,respectively.Similarly,on the CCTSDB 2021 dataset,the method achieves precision,recall,and Map0.5 scores of 91.49%,73.79%,and 81.03%,respectively.Experimental results revealed that the proposed method had superior performance compared to conventional models,which includes the faster region-based convolutional neural network,single shot multibox detector,and you only look once version 5.

Traffic Sign Detection with Low Complexity for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Hybrid Features

Globally traffic signs are used by all countries for healthier traffic flow and to protect drivers and pedestrians.Consequently,traffic signs have been of great importance for every civilized country,which makes researchers give more focus on the automatic detection of traffic signs.Detecting these traffic signs is challenging due to being in the dark,far away,partially occluded,and affected by the lighting or the presence of similar objects.An innovative traffic sign detection method for red and blue signs in color images is proposed to resolve these issues.This technique aimed to devise an efficient,robust and accurate approach.To attain this,initially,the approach presented a new formula,inspired by existing work,to enhance the image using red and green channels instead of blue,which segmented using a threshold calculated from the correlational property of the image.Next,a new set of features is proposed,motivated by existing features.Texture and color features are fused after getting extracted on the channel of Red,Green,and Blue(RGB),Hue,Saturation,and Value(HSV),and YCbCr color models of images.Later,the set of features is employed on different classification frameworks,from which quadratic support vector machine(SVM)outnumbered the others with an accuracy of 98.5%.The proposed method is tested on German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark(GTSDB)images.The results are satisfactory when compared to the preceding work.

Research on Traffic Sign Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8

Aiming at solving the problem of missed detection and low accuracy in detecting traffic signs in the wild, an improved method of YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, combined with the characteristics of small target objects in the actual scene, this paper further adds blur and noise operation. Then, the asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) is introduced to highlight the influence of key layer features after feature fusion, and simultaneously solve the direct interaction of non-adjacent layers. Experimental results on the TT100K dataset show that compared with the YOLOv8, the detection accuracy and recall are higher. .

LLTH‑YOLOv5:A Real‑Time Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm for Low‑Light Scenes

Traffic sign detection is a crucial task for autonomous driving systems.However,the performance of deep learning-based algorithms for traffic sign detection is highly affected by the illumination conditions of scenarios.While existing algo-rithms demonstrate high accuracy in well-lit environments,they suffer from low accuracy in low-light scenarios.This paper proposes an end-to-end framework,LLTH-YOLOv5,specifically tailored for traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,which enhances the input images to improve the detection performance.The proposed framework comproses two stages:the low-light enhancement stage and the object detection stage.In the low-light enhancement stage,a lightweight low-light enhancement network is designed,which uses multiple non-reference loss functions for parameter learning,and enhances the image by pixel-level adjustment of the input image with high-order curves.In the object detection stage,BIFPN is introduced to replace the PANet of YOLOv5,while designing a transformer-based detection head to improve the accuracy of small target detection.Moreover,GhostDarkNet53 is utilized based on Ghost module to replace the backbone network of YOLOv5,thereby improving the real-time performance of the model.The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,while satisfying the real-time requirements of autonomous driving.

A Deep Learning Model of Traffic Signs in Panoramic Images Detection

To pursue the ideal of a safe high-tech society in a time when traffic accidents are frequent,the traffic signs detection system has become one of the necessary topics in recent years and in the future.The ultimate goal of this research is to identify and classify the types of traffic signs in a panoramic image.To accomplish this goal,the paper proposes a new model for traffic sign detection based on the Convolutional Neural Network for com-prehensive traffic sign classification and Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks(R-CNN)implementation for identifying and extracting signs in panoramic images.Data augmentation and normalization of the images are also applied to assist in classifying better even if old traffic signs are degraded,and considerably minimize the rates of discovering the extra boxes.The proposed model is tested on both the testing dataset and the actual images and gets 94.5%of the correct signs recognition rate,the classification rate of those signs discovered was 99.41%and the rate of false signs was only around 0.11.

Traffic Sign Recognition for Autonomous Vehicle Using Optimized YOLOv7 and Convolutional Block Attention Module

The infrastructure and construction of roads are crucial for the economic and social development of a region,but traffic-related challenges like accidents and congestion persist.Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)have been used in road infrastructure and construction,particularly with the Internet of Things(IoT)devices.Object detection in Computer Vision also plays a key role in improving road infrastructure and addressing trafficrelated problems.This study aims to use You Only Look Once version 7(YOLOv7),Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM),the most optimized object-detection algorithm,to detect and identify traffic signs,and analyze effective combinations of adaptive optimizers like Adaptive Moment estimation(Adam),Root Mean Squared Propagation(RMSprop)and Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD)with the YOLOv7.Using a portion of German traffic signs for training,the study investigates the feasibility of adopting smaller datasets while maintaining high accuracy.The model proposed in this study not only improves traffic safety by detecting traffic signs but also has the potential to contribute to the rapid development of autonomous vehicle systems.The study results showed an impressive accuracy of 99.7%when using a batch size of 8 and the Adam optimizer.This high level of accuracy demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model for the image classification task of traffic sign recognition.

Real-time detection network for tiny traffic sign using multi-scale attention module

As one of the key technologies of intelligent vehicles, traffic sign detection is still a challenging task because of the tiny size of its target object. To address the challenge, we present a novel detection network improved from yolo-v3 for the tiny traffic sign with high precision in real-time. First, a visual multi-scale attention module(MSAM), a light-weight yet effective module, is devised to fuse the multi-scale feature maps with channel weights and spatial masks. It increases the representation power of the network by emphasizing useful features and suppressing unnecessary ones. Second, we exploit effectively fine-grained features about tiny objects from the shallower layers through modifying backbone Darknet-53 and adding one prediction head to yolo-v3. Finally, a receptive field block is added into the neck of the network to broaden the receptive field. Experiments prove the effectiveness of our network in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The m AP@0.5 of our network reaches 0.965 and its detection speed is55.56 FPS for 512 × 512 images on the challenging Tsinghua-Tencent 100 k(TT100 k) dataset.

Intelligent Video Surveillance for Checking Attendance of Traffic Controllers in Level Crossing

This paper proposes a detecting and tracking scheme for automatic checking attendance of traffic controllers in level crossing by recognizing their warning waistcoats. Considering of the actual requirement of rapidity and validity, this paper employs techniques of motion detection, color segmentation and feature matching to deal with the challenging problems of illumination varying, light reflection and disturbance. Therefore, the task of distinguishing the target from candidates can be fulfilled accurately. Once a target being detected, the established color models are modified through learning color of the detected target, and then Cam-shift algorithm is employed to track this target smoothly. The experiments in real scenes demonstrate that this method has a great capability to detect and track traffic controllers in complex level crossing environment accurately, and the comparisons further demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.