Spinal cord injury (SCI), often resulting from car accidents,falls and violence, represents a complicated trauma affecting multiple tissues, such as the vertebrate, disks of the spinal column, or the spinal cord itsel...Spinal cord injury (SCI), often resulting from car accidents,falls and violence, represents a complicated trauma affecting multiple tissues, such as the vertebrate, disks of the spinal column, or the spinal cord itself. Direct injury to the spinal cord, which is the focus of this insight, may disrupt the neuronal connections between the brain and the periphery,leading to the loss of motor function and paralysis. Consequently, SCI patients suffer neurologic deficits and disability,and are subjected to high healthcare costs for a lifetime.展开更多
Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designi...Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designing health system planning. Methods ： In this historical cohort study, the patients who had been transferred to Level I trauma center in southeastern Iran due to road traffic accidents with radiographic documented SCI were evaluated. Results： Among 64 patients with SCI, 38 patients （59.4 %, 36 males and 2 females, aged 27.42 years ± 9.44 years on average） were injured by road traffic accidents. Car and motorcycle accidents were responsible for 26 cases （68.4%） and 12 cases （31.6%）, respectively. And 31patients （81. 6%） had complete SCI. Conus medularis （T12-L2 ） was the most affected level. Conclusions： Results are discussed in terms of preventive measures, specifically those concerning the use of restraint and helmet and driving behavior. This study should be extended nationally to gain a larger case series so that the SCI risk of particular vehicle configurations, considering other crash factors, can be more precisely quantified and the characteristics for low occurrence of SCI can be more precisely identified.展开更多
Neck injury is one of the most common types of injury in vehicle accidents.The mechanisms of neck injury remain controversial due to the complex structure of the cervical spine and various impact conditions.The aim of...Neck injury is one of the most common types of injury in vehicle accidents.The mechanisms of neck injury remain controversial due to the complex structure of the cervical spine and various impact conditions.The aim of the present study is to provide a summary of recent research on neck injury mechanisms,neck injury criteria and neck injury prevention measures.The main types of neck injury resulting from vehicle accidents,including whiplash injury,cervical bone fractures and spinal cord injury,are introduced.Neck injury mechanisms are summarized according to load directions,test or simulation methods,and thresholds by means of impact intensity,load intensity and stress/strain conditions.Neck injury criteria are introduced,including NIC,N_(ij),N_(km) and LNL.Passive and active technologies for neck injury prevention are described and the challenge of neck injury prevention for future intelligent vehicles is discussed.展开更多
Objective： To illustrate mechanisms of spine fractures and the pattern of spinal injuries characterized by the major mechanisms in urban population of Iran. Methods： Data regarding spinal injuries including demogra...Objective： To illustrate mechanisms of spine fractures and the pattern of spinal injuries characterized by the major mechanisms in urban population of Iran. Methods： Data regarding spinal injuries including demographics, mechanism and level of spinal injury, abbreviated injury score, associated injuries and final fate of the patients were extracted from the Iranian national trauma registry database from 1999 to 2004. Results： A total of 619 patients with traumatic spine fractures were identified, of whom 68.5% were males. The peak frequency of these injuries occurred in the 21-40 year age-group. Accidental falls and road traffic crashes （RTCs） were the most common mechanisms of spinal fractures （47.2% and 44.1%, respectively）. RTCs tended to occur in younger patients compared with accidental falls. The most common spinal region for spinal fracture was the lumbar spine （53.63%）. Cervical spine fractures were significantly more common in RTCs, while lumbar spine fractures were more common in accidental falls （P〈0.001）. A total of 171 （27.6%）patients had associated non-spinal injuries, of whom 127 had associated extremity injuries, and 55 had head injuries. Thirty-six （5.6%） patients had spinal cord injury （SCI）.The injury severity score of the RTC group was significantly higher than that of accidental falls （P=-0.002）. Fifteen （4%） patients died of traumatic injuries. The rate of death was significantly higher in RTCs compared with accidental falls （5.1% vs 2.1%, P=0.039）. Conclusions： The patterns of spinal fractures are similar to those reported from developed countries. RTCs tend to affect the younger age population and are associated with a higher degree of associated injuries and mortality than accidental falls. Therefore preventive strategies should be based on reduction of the number and severity of RTCs.展开更多
文摘Spinal cord injury (SCI), often resulting from car accidents,falls and violence, represents a complicated trauma affecting multiple tissues, such as the vertebrate, disks of the spinal column, or the spinal cord itself. Direct injury to the spinal cord, which is the focus of this insight, may disrupt the neuronal connections between the brain and the periphery,leading to the loss of motor function and paralysis. Consequently, SCI patients suffer neurologic deficits and disability,and are subjected to high healthcare costs for a lifetime.
文摘Objective ： To analyze the data of patients with spinal cord injury （SCI） induced by road traffic crashes in southeastern Iran for better understanding the pattern of these injuries and therefore for better designing health system planning. Methods ： In this historical cohort study, the patients who had been transferred to Level I trauma center in southeastern Iran due to road traffic accidents with radiographic documented SCI were evaluated. Results： Among 64 patients with SCI, 38 patients （59.4 %, 36 males and 2 females, aged 27.42 years ± 9.44 years on average） were injured by road traffic accidents. Car and motorcycle accidents were responsible for 26 cases （68.4%） and 12 cases （31.6%）, respectively. And 31patients （81. 6%） had complete SCI. Conus medularis （T12-L2 ） was the most affected level. Conclusions： Results are discussed in terms of preventive measures, specifically those concerning the use of restraint and helmet and driving behavior. This study should be extended nationally to gain a larger case series so that the SCI risk of particular vehicle configurations, considering other crash factors, can be more precisely quantified and the characteristics for low occurrence of SCI can be more precisely identified.
文摘Neck injury is one of the most common types of injury in vehicle accidents.The mechanisms of neck injury remain controversial due to the complex structure of the cervical spine and various impact conditions.The aim of the present study is to provide a summary of recent research on neck injury mechanisms,neck injury criteria and neck injury prevention measures.The main types of neck injury resulting from vehicle accidents,including whiplash injury,cervical bone fractures and spinal cord injury,are introduced.Neck injury mechanisms are summarized according to load directions,test or simulation methods,and thresholds by means of impact intensity,load intensity and stress/strain conditions.Neck injury criteria are introduced,including NIC,N_(ij),N_(km) and LNL.Passive and active technologies for neck injury prevention are described and the challenge of neck injury prevention for future intelligent vehicles is discussed.
文摘Objective： To illustrate mechanisms of spine fractures and the pattern of spinal injuries characterized by the major mechanisms in urban population of Iran. Methods： Data regarding spinal injuries including demographics, mechanism and level of spinal injury, abbreviated injury score, associated injuries and final fate of the patients were extracted from the Iranian national trauma registry database from 1999 to 2004. Results： A total of 619 patients with traumatic spine fractures were identified, of whom 68.5% were males. The peak frequency of these injuries occurred in the 21-40 year age-group. Accidental falls and road traffic crashes （RTCs） were the most common mechanisms of spinal fractures （47.2% and 44.1%, respectively）. RTCs tended to occur in younger patients compared with accidental falls. The most common spinal region for spinal fracture was the lumbar spine （53.63%）. Cervical spine fractures were significantly more common in RTCs, while lumbar spine fractures were more common in accidental falls （P〈0.001）. A total of 171 （27.6%）patients had associated non-spinal injuries, of whom 127 had associated extremity injuries, and 55 had head injuries. Thirty-six （5.6%） patients had spinal cord injury （SCI）.The injury severity score of the RTC group was significantly higher than that of accidental falls （P=-0.002）. Fifteen （4%） patients died of traumatic injuries. The rate of death was significantly higher in RTCs compared with accidental falls （5.1% vs 2.1%, P=0.039）. Conclusions： The patterns of spinal fractures are similar to those reported from developed countries. RTCs tend to affect the younger age population and are associated with a higher degree of associated injuries and mortality than accidental falls. Therefore preventive strategies should be based on reduction of the number and severity of RTCs.
