KSUTraffic: A Microscopic Traffic Simulator for Traffic Planning in Smart Cities

Simulation is a powerful tool for improving,evaluating and analyzing the performance of new and existing systems.Traffic simulators provide tools for studying transportation systems in smart cities as they describe the evolution of traffic to the highest level of detail.There are many types of traffic simulators that allow simulating traffic in modern cities.The most popular traffic simulation approach is the microscopic traffic simulation because of its ability to model traffic in a realistic manner.In many cities of Saudi Arabia,traffic management represents a major challenge as a result of expansion in traffic demands and increasing number of incidents.Unfortunately,employing simulation to provide effective traffic management for local scenarios in Saudi Arabia is limited to a number of commercial products in both public and private sectors.Commercial simulators are usually expensive,closed source and inflexible as they allow limited functionalities.In this project,we developed a local traffic simulator“KSUtraffic”for traffic modeling,planning and analysis with respect to different traffic control strategies and considerations.We modeled information specified by GIS and real traffic data.Furthermore,we designed experiments that manipulate simulation parameters and the underlying area.KSUTraffic visualizes traffic and provides statistical results on the simulated traffic which would help to improve traffic management and efficiency.

Alternatives of Strategic Environmental Assessment for Road Traffic Development Planning——Case of Changchun City,China

On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modem urban road traffic development planning, the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme, the extended scheme and the environmental protection scheme. This study from different perspectives designed the alternatives for Changchun＇s county-level road and urban road system planning, and used the method of System Dynamics to simulate, optimize and analyze those alternatives. Thereafter, some methods including the correlation function method were used to comprehensively assess and rank those alternatives for recommending two best alternatives with the consideration to the indicators, such as the total emission amount of CO, the total emission amount of nitrogen oxides, the noise value, the road construction cost, the fossil oil consumption and the traffic capacity. The result showed that the study would provide substantial supports for decision-makers to make more scientific decisions and promote the sustainable urban traffic in Changchun City.

Ten Years of Urban Traffic Planning Development in China

Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the ur-ban-traffic problem has become more and more severe with each passing day. With theconcerted efforts of the professionals from all over the country, and by introducing newtheory, applying new technologies and new methods and by preserving in continuouspractice and exploration, we have obtained gratifying experience and results in trying tosolve the problem. Following is a historical review of the work we have done in trying tofind the solutions to traffic problems. Meanwhile, the author also points out that in thenext ten years, the task of China’s urban traffic-planning is still very arduous and more ef-forts should be made in this respect to meet the needs of our economic development.

The Practice of the Comprehensive Traffic Planning for the City of Chongqing

This article discribes the comprehensive traffic planning of Cho-ngqing, an extra-large industrial city in the southwest of China,which has a geographical importance and hilly terrain. The plan-ning stresses the needs to meet the city’s future socio-economic de-velopment strategy, the guarantee for the realization of urban devel-opment strategy and the solutions to the conspicuous traffic prob-lems.

Prediction of Traffic Volume of Motor Vehicles Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Technology

Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of trafficplanning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statisticsefficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predictingmotor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sizedcities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. Themethod is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations andthe improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided intothree parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities areobtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents weresurveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes oflocal people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this studyfor the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobilephone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume ofthese travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modesand methods for the distribution of urban residential and working placesare analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offlineintersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and itverifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the predictiondata. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the averageerror rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%.In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted toanalyze why these errors occur.

Exploration and Development of Urban Integrated Traffic System Planning: A Case Study of Ganzhou City

Based on combing of urban integrated traffic planning report in Ganzhou City and its contrastive study with revised traffic model of general planning,it is found that there is great difference between integrated traffic planning and its actual development in medium-sized cities.Combining new process of reform and opening-up in the past 40 years,the development of urban integrated planning is looked ahead and explored.

Medieval Towns, Traffic and Urban Planning Half a Century since the First Pedestrian Zone in Siena, Italy

The Italian town is known as a collection of wails, gates, towers, palaces and cathedrals. The lanes and the squares were created in the Middle Ages, with an urban fabric suitable for horses and carriages, not for motor cars. At the beginning of the 1960s, it was no longer possible to delay a solution to the problem of traffic and the first ＂pedestrian isle＂ was realized in the centre of Siena in 1965. Other towns in a few years followed this virtuous example. Acts against traffic avoided the building of urban motorways and the demolition of ancient buildings that would have given the ＂coup de grace＂ to several important historic centres.

考虑无人机能耗的卡车无人机同步配送研究

以现代物流领域中使用卡车和无人机进行末端配送为背景,为商用物流配送企业提供卡车与无人机同步配送的新方案,针对卡车无人机配送的成本较高且效率较低问题,考虑了无人机有效载荷、飞行状态对无人机能耗及实际飞行航程的影响,对非同步运行模型进行改进,提出了考虑无人机能耗的卡车无人机同步运行选址模型,利用粒子群算法求解,通过对比不同载荷,飞行状态,客户点规模和运行模式下的差异证明了本文的配送模式下无人机能耗对选址结果的影响,并使传统卡车配送最低选址成本分别降低了20.67%,25.77%,29.14%和19.47%,增强配送的时效性及准确率,为未来物流配送一体化研究提供依据.

异质交通流环境下无信号T形交叉口控制策略

针对无信号控制T形交叉口,提出一种异质交通流环境下交叉口的分级限速控制模型.根据异质交通流的车辆运行特性提出分级限速的概念,并建立交叉口的车辆信息矩阵.构建以车流通过冲突区域时间最短为优化目标,以保证冲突车辆安全行驶的时间间隔为约束条件的线性规划模型.通过MATLAB搭建仿真平台对所提出的模型有效性进行试验验证.结果表明:在混合行驶的交通环境下,当车辆到达率为0.30~0.50时,本研究所提模型可以在传统控制模型的基础上提升交叉口通行能力约20%;分级限速控制模型下智能网联车辆渗透率达到0.90时,最多可以增加交叉口约17%的通行能力;所提模型能有效提高道路资源利用效率,保证主路运行通畅的情况下大幅降低支路车辆延误.

基于学生端的交通规划与仿真软件课程教学探讨

交通运输工程是一门集技术、实践、应用的综合性学科,实践训练环节在整个教学中具有重要的地位。通过对交通运输工程专业研究生的问卷调查,分析学生端的专业背景和对交通规划与仿真软件训练课程的学习需求,进而对课程教学内容进行优化设置,并对教学方法进行设计,主要包括以软件专业模块教学为基础,强化软件应用训练、建立项目案例库,设计项目案例教学法、借助智慧教学平台,实现资源共享。通过课程教学应用评价,得到学生对课程的总体满意度较高,软件主要功能模块掌握程度和实际项目应用能力有较大提升,学生的学习能力、专业技术和实践应用能力也得到了提高,基于学生端的交通规划与仿真软件训练课程教学效果较好。

Research on Planning & Evaluation for Track Traffic Under China's Sustainable Development Strategy

The author advances some basic problems of planning & evaluating for track traffic in the process of putting sustainable development strategy in practice and stresses the study of planning and evaluating method system for track traffic and environment strategy. Summaries and main creative points presented in the thesis are as follows: ①The changes of track traffic planning objects caused by the concept of sustainable development are analyzed; ②The theory & method of track traffic planning optimal decision is set up ; ③Environment impact assessment for track traffic planning is advanced; ⑤ Urban mass transit network planning is studied; ④Planning of intercity rail system——the alignment optimization of dedicated passenger line and high speed railway line is studied ; ⑥ An overall evaluation index system for sustainable development of track traffic planning is established; ⑦ The track traffic building capacity for sustainable development is studied. Further more, the effect of the method and models with empirical studies is verified. The corresponding application software is realized to provide information service and decision making support to track traffic planning for putting theory into practice.

大型医院交通集散空间布局规划及优化研究

近年来医院发展朝着大型化和综合化形式迈进,同时也带来了一系列交通问题。本文就医院外部集散空间布局形式进行研究并改进,以缓解大型医院外部的交通拥堵混乱问题。通过分析大型医院外部空间的使用需求,重新界定了医院交通集散空间的范围与功能;结合其空间流线需求与建筑广场、城市道路设计理论,分析了医院集散空间的交通特征与规划要点;最后提出了各功能区布局原则,并从医院内外临时停车、交通设施布置、道路功能划分等方面阐明了医院交通集散空间的规划方法。针对不同形式医院的布局,分别设置了复合立体型、平面广场型和用地紧缺性三种形式,为城市规划设计者提供参考。

高速公路客货混行交通流元胞传输模型

针对客货混行引发的交通流稳定性下降、交通安全风险增加以及运行效率降低等问题,构建一个多车道客货混行交通流元胞传输模型,从宏观角度研究不同货车渗透率下的高速公路客货混行交通流特性.首先,利用微观车辆跟驰模型,分析均质小汽车和货车交通流的基本图特征,提出不同货车渗透率下的客货混行交通流基本图模型.然后,采用具体参数表征换道、有限加速度造成的道路交通容量下降效应,刻画客货混行交通流中货车对直行和换道流量的影响,采用Logit模型计算多因素影响下的换道交通流量,构建多车道客货混行交通流元胞传输模型.最后,通过高速公路多场景仿真实验验证模型的有效性.研究结果表明:所提出的模型可准确模拟高速公路上的客货混行交通流演变过程;货车渗透率是影响混行交通运行的关键因素,在交通事件导致车道数减少时,货车渗透率超过0.6会导致交通拥堵难以消散.研究成果可为高速公路客货混行交通流特性研究提供分析工具,为客货混行下的交通管理和疏导策略制定提供理论方法.

全域旅游背景下离岛“乡村活力节点”——洞头区鹿西码头交通综合体策划研究

全域旅游是推动乡村振兴的重要途径。鹿西乡是温州市洞头区唯一的离岛乡镇,全岛建设空间有限,项目资源稀缺,规划建设的鹿西码头不应仅是功能单一的交通码头,而应在海岛乡村整体发展和洞头区全域旅游建设中扮演更重要的角色。因此如何把握机会,补足乡村发展迫切需求的功能要素,打造一个“乡村活力节点”,是进行本次策划研究的核心理念。针对鹿西乡面临的交通与旅游、游客与岛民、发展与保护三对主要矛盾,研究团队提出了“综合交通换乘、功能用途混合、地域文化融入、场所记忆延续”四大策划理念,并进一步规划了交通集散、社区服务、旅游集散、特色餐饮、观光游览、文化展览、综合商业七大业态板块,将鹿西码头打造成一个交通综合体,从而激发海岛乡村活力,并进一步带动洞头北部全域旅游发展,实现局部发展与整体发展的融合。这也将为今后其他海岛乡村发展和小规模码头综合体建设提供可资借鉴的经验。

无人机技术在公共交通领域的研究

针对无人机执行电力巡线任务时需要进行人工飞行操控,且无人机控制过程繁琐,巡线效率不高的问题,本文无人机应用在公共交通领域,研究无人机巡线航迹规划方法及其系统,实现无人机自动巡线。本文阐述的无人机巡线航迹规划方法及其系统,效果较好,可以对无人机巡线过程中的飞行轨迹进行自动规划,无需人工进行飞行操控,进而可以大幅度提高电力设施巡线任务的工作效率,降低执行该任务的人员成本。巡线航迹规划方法能够对巡视过程中不同类型的电力设施采用不同的巡视策略。实现对目标区域内所有电力设施的全覆盖,准确全面完成所有目标区域的巡视任务,对所有电力设备进行全方位巡查和准确采像,不留监视死角。规划的路径不仅实现了对整个目标巡线区域的全方位巡视,还设计出了最佳的飞行路径,飞行路径的航程较短,这样可以有效缩短巡视时间,提高巡线效率,也具有更好的节能环保效益。

Accuracy Assessment and Guidelines for Manual Traffic Counts from Pre-Recorded Video Data

Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.

寒区电动公交充电站选址及定容规划研究

寒区低温环境导致电动公交动力电池容量衰减,充电设施服务范围及规划数量受到影响,给电动公交充电站选址及定容规划带来挑战。为提高电动公交充电站的低温适应性,提出针对寒区电动公交充电站的选址算法及定容模型。首先,在选址规划中,构建充电站渐进覆盖服务半径,利用改进近邻传播聚类算法确定充电站选址点,基于算法聚类中心构建充电站Voronoi图划分充电集群。其次,在定容规划中,构建动力电池低温容量衰减模型,确定寒区电动公交的充电需求;基于容量有限的截尾排队论模型建立充电站有效服务强度、拒绝服务率及充电满意度等约束;引入成本权衡系数,以规划年限内全社会成本最小为优化目标,建立寒区充电站定容规划模型,并设计遗传算法进行求解。最后,以哈尔滨市市区电动公交充电站选址定容规划为例进行分析,算例结果得到9个充电站选址点及其充电集群,以及各充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本。针对环境温度和成本权衡系数进行灵敏度分析,结果表明:寒区低温环境对充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本有显著影响,合理权衡充电站和电动公交两者利益有助于提高充电服务满意度,降低全社会成本。

考虑快慢车的城轨跨线运营开行方案与时刻表优化

跨线运营是城市轨道交通网络化运营的重要方向,跨线与快慢车组合运营可降低乘客出行时间。本文考虑跨线与快慢车组合模式,构建事件活动图刻画列车运行和乘客出行过程;考虑列车安全运行间隔和列车载客能力等约束,建立以乘客出行时间和列车走行成本最小化为目标的开行方案与时刻表综合优化模型,决策列车运行交路、停站方案、开行频率及各车次在各站的到发时刻;并针对综合优化模型,设计定制的变邻域搜索算法。案例结果表明,在组合模式下,列车走行成本增加了3%,换乘人次降低了82.5%,总乘客和跨线乘客的平均出行时间分别减少了1.3 min和5.3 min,乘客出行效益有明显提升;跨线与快慢车组合模式小幅增加了无需换乘乘客的出行时间,但大幅降低了跨线乘客的出行时间;换乘站换乘走行时间越长,宜开行的跨线列车频率越大,跨线运营降低乘客出行时间的效果越显著。

高速公路混合交通环境下的智能网联汽车换道策略研究

为推动智能网联汽车应用落地,提出高速公路混合交通环境下智能网联汽车换道策略。首先,改进NaSch元胞自动机模型,并采用马尔科夫链算法计算道路通行能力;其次,针对目标车道为专用车道和普通车道分别建立基于车速引导的决策模型和基于博弈论的双矩阵决策模型;最后,采用多目标轨迹优化算法优化换道轨迹。结果表明:目标车道为专用车道和普通车道时,所提出的策略可分别提高换道效率6%、3.38%。

基于多目标混合启发式算法的协同无冲突4D航迹规划

为促进基于航迹运行的框架下未来空中交通管理系统的协同决策,本文提出了一种协同无冲突4D航迹规划方法。首先以提高航班效率和航空公司间的公平性为目标,以无冲突为约束构建了一个多目标整数线性优化模型。其次,提出了一种基于基尼系数的指标以量化航空公司间的成本分配公平性。为了提高问题求解效率,采用了基于网格的探测方法以加速冲突检测,并设计了一种多目标混合启发式算法(Multi-objective hybrid-meta-heuristic optimization algorithm,MHMOA),通过结合模拟退火(Simulated annealing,SA)和爬山局部搜索算法来近似最优的非支配解。最后,利用实际航班计划和航路网络数据比较和分析了MHMOA、SA和两种常规多目标优化算法的优化结果。结果表明,MHMOA所获得的非支配解的质量更高、延误更低且航空公司间公平性更优,在3个多目标优化性能指标方面表现优异,可为空中交通管理员提供更详细的决策支持。