Effect of Mouth Opening Training Stick Combined with Oral Massage on Mouth Opening Difficulty in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Treatment

Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.

Effect of geometry simplification and boundary condition specification on flow field and aerodynamic noise in the train head and bogie region of high-speed trains

The purpose of this study is to determine a suitable modeling method to make computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation more efficient for aeroacoustics optimization of the bogie region of high-speed trains.To this end,four modeling methods are considered,which involve different geometry simplifications and boundary condition specifications.The corresponding models are named the three-car marshalling model,computational domain shortening model,carbody shortening model,and sub-domain model.Combining the detached eddy simulation(DES)model and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation,the unsteady flow field and far-field noise of the four models are predicted.To evaluate the effect of the different modeling methods,the time-averaged flow field,fluctuating flow field,and far-field noise results of the four models are compared and analyzed in detail with the results of the three-car marshalling model used as basis for comparison.The results show that the flow field results of the bogie region predicted by the four models have relatively high consistency.However,the usage of the non-time varying outlet boundary conditions in the computational domain shortening model and sub-domain model could affect the pressure fluctuation on the upstream carbody surface.When only the bogie region is used as the source surface,the differences between the far-field noise results of the three simplified models and the three-car marshalling model are all within 1 dB;when the train head is used as the source surface,the results of the carbody shortening model and the three-car marshalling model are more consistent.

Aerodynamic simulation of evacuated tube maglev trains with different streamlined designs

Based on the Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations of incompressible viscous fluids and the standard k-ε turbu- lence model with assumptions of steady state and two dimensional conditions, a simulation of the aerodynamic drag on a maglev train in an evacuated tube was made with ANSYS/FLOTRAN software under different vacuum pressures, blockage ratios, and shapes of train head and tail. The pressure flow fields of the evacuated tube maglev train under different vacuum pressures were analyzed, and then compared under the same blockage ratio condition. The results show that the environmental pressure of 1 000 Pa in the tube is the best to achieve the effect of aerodynamic drag reduction, and there are no obvious differences in the aerodynamic drag reduction among different streamline head shapes. Overall, the blunt-shape tail and the blockage ratio of 0.25 are more efficient for drag reduction of the train at the tube pressure of 1 000 Pa.

Effect of Training on Two-way Shape Memory Effect and Its Stability in a Ti-Ni-Hf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

The Effect of the thermal cycling training under constant strain on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) in a Ti36l\li49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) has been investigated by bending tests. The results indicated that the training procedure is beneficial to get the better TWSME. The two-way shape memory strain increases with increasing the training strain. And it decreases with increasing the training temperature. The TWSME obtained in the present alloy shows poorer stability compared with that obtained in the TiNi alloys.

Shape Optimization of Pressure Vessel Head Based on the Super-ellipse Equation

This paper studies optimal shape design of pressure vessel head subject to internal uniform pressure.The optimization aims at minimizing its maximum stress while the volume of the vessel head remains no less than the standard ellipsoidal head.Super-ellipse curve is selected to describe the middle surface shape of the vessel head because it represents a large family of curves with only two or three parameters and makes the design and manufacture easy.The performance of different elements and element sizes of FEM modeling is carefully studied in view of computational cost,accuracy and noises of von Mises stress.The response surface of the maximum stress vs.shape design parameters is approximated by a Kriging surrogate model with EI criterion for sampling adding,based on the parameter optimization which is carried out to search the optimal shape.Finally,it is shown by numerical comparison that the super-ellipsoidal head is better than the standard ellipsoidal head and the other vessel heads in the literature.

Head-mounted display-based intuitive virtual reality training system for the mining industry

Virtual reality(VR) training technology in the mining industry is a new field of research and utilization.The successful application of VR training system is critical to mine safety and production. Through the statistics of the current research and applications of VR training systems in mining industry, all the input/output devices are classified. Based on the classifications of the input/output devices that are used in the VR system, the current VR training systems for the mining industry could be divided into three types: screen-based general type, projector-based customized type, and head-mounted display(HMD)-based intuitive type. By employing a VR headset, a smartphone and a leap motion device, an HMDbased intuitive type VR training system prototype for drilling in underground mines has been developed.Ten trainees tried both the HMD-based intuitive system and the screen-based general control system to compare the experiences and training effects. The results show that the HMD-based system can give a much better user experience and is easy to use. Three of the five components of a VR training system,namely, the user, the tasks, and software and database should be given more attention in future research.With more available technologies of input and output devices, VR engines, and system software, the VR training system will eventually yield much better training results, and will play a more important role in as a training tool for mine safety.

Body Size but Not Food Size Determined Head Sexual Dimorphism in Rana kukunoris from the Tibetan Plateau

Sexual dimorphism between males and females is a common pattern observed in the natural world and has become one of the main focuses of evolutionary biology.Amphibian head size and shape are important factors that may influence food acquisition,but knowledge about the sexual differences between amphibian head size and shape is relatively scant.Here,intersexual differences in the head size and shape of Rana kukunoris,which is a high-elevation frog from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,were investigated.Significant differences were found in the head shape but not the head size between sexes.A significant correlation was also observed between prey size and head size.However,these correlations disappeared when individual body size was controlled,suggesting that body size but not food size was the main factor resulting in intersexual differences in head size/shape.The results suggested that food competition between sexes did not result in sexual dimorphism of head shape among these frogs.

General shape of the optic nerve head in one high myopic glaucomatous patient before and after trabeculectomy

Dear Editor,I am Adele Ehongo,Head of the Gilaucoma Clinic at Erasme Hospital,Brussels,Belgium.Along with Artemise Dugauquier and Yassir Alaoui,I am writing to you to present the case of one glaucomatous myopic patient with change in the general shape of the optic nerve head(ONH)after trabculctomy.

自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员孙佳旭股骨头圆韧带撕裂康复训练思路与实践应用

目的:对优秀运动员孙佳旭股骨头圆韧带撕裂的体能康复训练思路、康复方案和评价方式进行研究和总结。方法:采用文献资料调研、专家访谈、测试等研究方法,对受伤运动员进行为期5周的体能康复训练。采用主观评价和客观评估相结合的方式监控康复训练过程。根据阶段性评估结果,制定康复训练3个阶段的训练目标、任务和方案,提高损伤后髋关节灵活度、肌肉力量,缩小左右髋部肌力差异,加强核心区肌群稳定性,发展下肢肌肉力量和落地稳定性。通过髋关节功能性筛查及体能测试,评估受伤运动员能否进行剧烈运动和重返专项运动。结果:康复训练后,髋关节多方向动作疼痛度,下肢肌肉围度,体能测试结果,功能性动作筛查,以及训练量、训练强度、肿胀度和疼痛指数等主观评价结果显著改善。结论:客观评估和主观评价的监控方式,是制定个性化康复训练目标和方案的依据。建议第1阶段采用等长力量训练方式和闭链练习模式,第2阶段逐步增加患侧部位周围肌肉力量训练强度,第3阶段采用专门性体能训练方式最大程度地恢复运动员神经肌肉支配能力,使专项运动能力恢复到伤前水平。

基于单天线航向测量的股道占用判别方法研究

随着北斗卫星系统的建设完成,以卫星导航为核心的车载化列车定位成为列车定位系统的发展方向。在这一背景下,精准判别列车股道占用成为确保列车高精度位置感知的必要前提,对避免冲突、支撑列车调度决策和保障列车安全具有重要的意义。针对传统的股道占用判别方法通常依赖于地面设备,易受到成本、复杂性和维护困难等因素制约的问题,研究利用低成本的单GNSS天线进行高精度的列车航向角测量。特别是在道岔咽喉区,计算单天线测量结果与数据库中列车航向的偏差,评估对不同股道的占用概率。为此,首先构建了载波相位星间差分与历元差分的双差分模型,消除了电离层、对流层、钟差、模糊度等一系列卫星定位误差源的影响;其次,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波估计相邻历元间列车的位移变化量,同时计算伪姿态坐标系下的列车航向;最后,基于航向角偏差进行列车的股道占用判别,并利用列车进出青藏线联通河站的实测数据对所提算法进行了验证,并结合轨道电子地图,判别列车占用正线/侧线不同股道的置信概率。实验结果表明:通过单天线解算列车航向角的误差均方根为0.111°,根据航向角偏差进行股道判别的模糊区距离减少了约50m,模糊区时间减少了约5s。仅通过单天线航向解算完成高精度的航向测量,并根据航向角偏差实现股道占用判别,可作为轨道占用的一种判别方式,具有一定的工程价值。

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案的构建

目的:构建耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案。方法:通过文献研究、半结构式访谈构建耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案初稿,采用德尔菲专家函询法进行3轮专家函询,形成耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案终稿。结果:3轮专家函询问卷有效回收率分别为83.33%、91.67%和100.00%,专家权威系数为0.951,0.958和0.963,肯德尔和谐系数为0.398,0.435和0.495(均P<0.001),变异系数均<0.25。最终形成的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案的培训目标包括3项一级指标、26项二级指标,培训内容包括6项一级指标、35项二级指标,培训管理包括8项一级指标、19项二级指标,培训考核评价包括4项一级指标、12项二级指标。结论:构建的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士核心能力培训方案具有科学性、可靠性,可为完善我国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专科护士培训提供参考。

阶段式康复训练法改善颈部淋巴清扫术后患者肩综合征的效果评价

目的探讨阶段式康复训练改善颈部淋巴清扫术后患者肩综合征的效果,为患者术后肩关节功能恢复提供有效方案。方法本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。制定颈部淋巴清扫术后肩部阶段式康复训练计划,选取中山大学附属口腔医院2020年12月至2021年4月符合纳入标准的患者70例,随机分成试验组和对照组(每组各35例)。对照组进行常规护术后护理,主要包括术后6周开始进行肩关节活动训练、协调性训练和颈部小范围活动训练等运动康复训练至术后12个月;试验组则在常规术后护理的基础上,增加术前、术后全麻清醒至拆线、拆线至术后6周、术后6周至12个月4个阶段渐进性开展术前熟悉手法训练、术后保护性康复训练、运动型康复训练、抗阻训练等阶段式康复训练计划。两组受试者训练频率均为至少3次/周,每次训练时长为10~15 min,锻炼强度为Borg自觉运动强度分级2~3分(即轻到中度的呼吸急促或疲劳),并分别在术前、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月使用淋巴清扫损伤指数(neck dissection impairment index,NDII)评估其肩关节功能相关生活质量,分数越高表示生活质量越高。结果试验组28例和对照组32例完成了1年的随访。在术后3、6个月,试验组受试者的NDII显著高于对照组[术后3个月:试验组(93.48±9.36)vs.对照组(80.00±11.34)(P<0.001),术后6个月:试验组(98.21±4.76)vs.对照组(90.70±9.12)(P<0.001)];术后12个月,试验组受试者的NDII(97.23±4.88)仍高于对照组(96.33±4.49),但是差异无统计学意义(P=0.458)。两组受试者在术后3、6、12个月3个时间点的组内NDII得分比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论阶段式康复训练法在颈部淋巴清扫术患者中应用具有可行性,有助于加速患者术后6个月内肩关节功能及生活质量的恢复。

“需求导向价值塑造职业发展”三位一体的采矿工程专业改革探索与实施——以武汉科技大学采矿工程专业为例

结合新工科背景下矿业发展的新需求,总结了采矿工程专业新型人才培养应加强培养目标与社会需求的紧密结合、加强使命教育和专业自信的全程培养、加强职业素养和教学实践的全面融合等问题,提出了“需求导向价值塑造职业发展”三位一体的采矿工程专业改革思路,实施了将价值塑造融入教育教学顶层设计、行业需求融入课程群教学内容优化、职业发展融入课内教学和课外实践等系列举措,显著提升了采矿工程专业新型人才的培养质量,取得了丰硕的教育教学改革成果。

语义增强图像-文本预训练模型的零样本三维模型分类

目前,基于对比学习的图像-文本预训练模型(CLIP)在零样本3维模型分类任务上表现出了巨大潜力,然而3维模型和文本之间存在巨大的模态鸿沟,影响了分类准确率的进一步提高。针对以上问题,该文提出一种语义增强CLIP的零样本3维模型分类方法。该方法首先将3维模型表示成多视图;然后为了增强零样本学习对未知类别的识别能力,通过视觉语言生成模型获得每张视图及其类别的语义描述性文本,并将其作为视图和类别提示文本之间的语义桥梁,语义描述性文本采用图像字幕和视觉问答两种方式获取;最后微调语义编码器将语义描述性文本具化为类别的语义描述,其拥有丰富的语义信息和较好的可解释性,有效减小了视图和类别提示文本的语义鸿沟。实验表明,该文方法在ModelNet10和ModelNet40数据集上的分类性能优于现有的零样本分类方法。

出口用Tram-Train有轨电车全自动折叠车钩车端折叠锁定系统技术研究

Tram-Train有轨电车是一种混合运营的交通车辆,在欧洲广泛应用、保有量大,列车使用的全自动折叠车钩车端折叠锁定系统存在操作力大、车钩低头适应性差等痛点,影响列车的日常运营。本文研发了新型车端折叠锁定系统,对结构及功能进行了介绍。依据欧标及项目输入,基于有限元仿真软件HyperWorks,对振动、制动工况进行了强度仿真,仿真结果满足要求。对首列全自动折叠车钩进行了功能试验,折叠、锁定、解锁功能正常,操作力适中,对车钩低头具有良好的适应性,可批量应用于Bombardier Flexity系列列车,同时对行业内其他系列车型的设计具有借鉴意义。

健美操运动训练对高职学生身体形态的影响研究

结合现代健美操教学理论与运动生理学理论,研究提出,健美操训练能够通过增强学生的肌肉力量、提升协调性、柔韧性和节奏感,实现对身体形态的积极改善。该研究为提升高职学生体质健康、促进学生积极参与体育活动及深化体育教学方法提供了新的视角与实证基础,具有较高实践价值。该文研究了健美操运动训练对高职学生身体形态的影响,提出了高职院校开展健美操运动训练的路径建议,旨在为相关教育工作提供参考。

多尺度注意力融合与视觉Transformer方法优化的电阻抗层析成像深度学习方法

电阻抗层析成像(EIT)具有显著的可视化和非侵入性等特点,在工业和生物医学工程领域展现了其广阔的应用潜力。由于其逆问题存在高度非线性和病态性特点,导致了数值成像方法在空间分辨率上的局限性,尤其是在多相介质分布情况下,现有EIT技术在成像过程中出现边界失真和电导率误差,从而影响最终的成像精度。本文提出了一种基于卷积注意力机制的U型深度成像方法——MAT-UNet,将卷积块注意力模块(CBAM)与U-Net结构相结合,在特征提取与融合过程中嵌入卷积块注意力模块,以增强模型的注意力定向和特征表征能力,同时跳跃连接引入了压缩-激励(SE)注意力机制与视觉Transformer(ViT)来优化全局特征的学习,使用多头交叉注意力模块(MHCA)实现编码器与解码器的多尺度信息融合。MAT-UNet通过大量的仿真数据训练获得最优模型参数,并在多样化复杂形状和肺部仿真模型进行了实验验证。定量评估指标表明,该方法在重建图像中的均方根误差(RMSE)结果为2.3156,结构相似性指数(SSIM)结果为0.9437,可视化结果与真实分布和边界具有很好的一致性。实验结果表明,本文提出的MAT-UNet模型展现出良好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,相较于传统的单一卷积结构,集成Transformer结构提供了更精准的EIT图像重建效果,在无损测量与检测应用中存在很大的潜力和价值。

系统性功能训练结合护理干预对股骨头坏死行全髋关节置换术患者的康复效果及疼痛程度的影响

目的 探究在股骨头坏死行全髋关节置换术患者康复护理中应用系统性功能训练结合护理干预的效果。方法 随机选取2022年5月—2023年5月于聊城市人民医院接受全髋关节置换术治疗的100例股骨头坏死患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为两组,每组50例,参照组采用常规护理,研究组在常规护理基础上给予系统性功能训练,比较两组患者生活活动能力、疼痛程度、并发症发生率。结果 干预前,两组患者生活活动能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,研究组生活活动能力评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,研究组疼痛评分低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率(2.00%)低于对照组(12.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.118,P<0.05)。结论 将系统性功能训练与护理干预联合运用到股骨头坏死患者全髋关节置换术康复干预中,有助于髋关节功能恢复,减轻康复疼痛程度,可获得理想预后。

基于S形速度曲线的键合头运动控制系统研究与分析

根据用户工艺需求,针对全自动芯片键合设备的运动控制模块以及键合头子模块开展需求分析,结合典型试验,设计出基于S形速度曲线的键合头运动控制系统,根据S形速度曲线重新规划了键合头的运动轨迹,使其对芯片键合周期缩短的同时也保证了键合精度。

基于混合驱动的分离罗拉运动轨迹规划研究

针对当前棉精梳机分离接合机构运动输出特性固定、振动大等问题,分析棉精梳机分离罗拉分离接合工艺,确定分离罗拉运动的位移关键点位置,根据差动轮系的运动规律提出交替驱动和分段驱动2种动力分配方案,并采用三次样条曲线作为交替驱动位移曲线、S型加减速曲线作为分段驱动位移曲线,通过对比分析得到最佳分离罗拉运动轨迹。指出:当设定棉纤维长度为30 mm时,2种驱动方案均能满足分离接合要求;采用混合驱动机构对分离罗拉高速正反转运动进行分解,实现伺服电机混合驱动分离罗拉,其运动性能更佳。