马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区钙柱石的发现及地质意义

马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区钍矿石中发现了自然界中极为罕见的钙柱石（Me=87.8%~99.2%）,钙柱石主要产于Anosyan花岗岩体（主要为紫苏花岗岩）与碳酸盐岩接触部位所形成的钙质夕卡岩和大理岩中,与透辉石、石榴石、橄榄石、硅灰石、金云母、钙长石、方解石和角闪石等共生。化学分析显示,除Si O2、Al2O、Ca O和Na2O等主要组分（w（Si O2）=40.95%~43.91%,w（Al2O3）=29.48%~36.10%,w（Ca O）=19.23%~21.86%,w（Na2O）=0.30%~1.60%）外,钙柱石中还含有CO2-3、F-、Cl-和SO3等。钙柱石的合成实验及矿物学研究表明,该地区钙柱石是在温度大于850℃,压力300~500 MPa条件下,且富含CO2和Ca2＋的地质环境中形成。钍矿石中钙柱石的发现表明：方钍石等钍矿物形成的温度超过850℃,形成深度约为9.9~16.5 km;与钍成矿有关的流体是超临界的气-液流体;流体中富含的F和CO2等组分对该地区钍成矿起着决定性的作用。

马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区钍矿床成矿特征及其矿化成因探讨

受泛非地质事件（约550 Ma）影响,马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区加里东期紫苏花岗岩侵位于古元古界富含碳酸盐的Tranomaro群变沉积岩中,钍矿化主要产在二者接触部位及附近的透辉石岩中,少量产在大理岩和方柱石岩中。钍矿物主要为方钍石及铀方钍石,多为自型粒状,浸染状分布,多包裹于透辉石、方柱石、橄榄石等矿物内部,部分分布在粒间。钍矿石具有富CaO、MgO、REE、Zr、W、Sn、Bi、Pb及与气-液流体有关的Cl、F、SO_3、CO_2等,贫SiO_2、K_2O、Na_2O等特征,富Mg的矿石中还富含B。钍矿床具有夕卡岩型矿床成矿特征,钍成矿年龄与侵入岩体年龄及赋矿透辉石岩的年龄相近。钍主要来源于含F、CO_2等组分的超临界气-液流体,且矿化形成于温度t≥850℃,压力P≈0.3~0.5GPa的地质环境中。

Crystallographic Study of Uranium-Thorium Bearing Minerals in Tranomaro,South-East Madagascar

Studies are undertaken to characterize the uranium and thorium minerals of south-east Madagascar. Seven selected uranothorianite bearing pyroxenites samples from old abandoned uranium quarries in Tranomaro, south Amboasary, Madagascar (46°28'00"E, 24°36'00"S) have been collected. To determine the mineral micro-structure, they were investigated for qualitative identification of crystalline compounds by using X-ray powder diffraction analytical method (XRD). Results showed that the uranium and thorium compounds, as minor elements, were present in various crystalline structures. Thorium, as thorianite, is present in a simple ThO2 cubic crystalline system, whereas the uranium component of the Tranomaro uranothorianite samples is oxide-based and is a mixture of complex oxidation states and crys-talline systems. Generally called uraninite, its oxide compounds are present in more than eight phases.