Blockchain-Enabled Cybersecurity Provision for Scalable Heterogeneous Network:A Comprehensive Survey

Blockchain-enabled cybersecurity system to ensure and strengthen decentralized digital transaction is gradually gaining popularity in the digital era for various areas like finance,transportation,healthcare,education,and supply chain management.Blockchain interactions in the heterogeneous network have fascinated more attention due to the authentication of their digital application exchanges.However,the exponential development of storage space capabilities across the blockchain-based heterogeneous network has become an important issue in preventing blockchain distribution and the extension of blockchain nodes.There is the biggest challenge of data integrity and scalability,including significant computing complexity and inapplicable latency on regional network diversity,operating system diversity,bandwidth diversity,node diversity,etc.,for decision-making of data transactions across blockchain-based heterogeneous networks.Data security and privacy have also become the main concerns across the heterogeneous network to build smart IoT ecosystems.To address these issues,today’s researchers have explored the potential solutions of the capability of heterogeneous network devices to perform data transactions where the system stimulates their integration reliably and securely with blockchain.The key goal of this paper is to conduct a state-of-the-art and comprehensive survey on cybersecurity enhancement using blockchain in the heterogeneous network.This paper proposes a full-fledged taxonomy to identify the main obstacles,research gaps,future research directions,effective solutions,andmost relevant blockchain-enabled cybersecurity systems.In addition,Blockchain based heterogeneous network framework with cybersecurity is proposed in this paper tomeet the goal of maintaining optimal performance data transactions among organizations.Overall,this paper provides an in-depth description based on the critical analysis to overcome the existing work gaps for future research where it presents a potential cybersecurity design with key requirements of blockchain across a heterogeneous network.

An Energy Trading Method Based on Alliance Blockchain and Multi-Signature

Blockchain,known for its secure encrypted ledger,has garnered attention in financial and data transfer realms,including the field of energy trading.However,the decentralized nature and identity anonymity of user nodes raise uncertainties in energy transactions.The broadcast consensus authentication slows transaction speeds,and frequent single-point transactions in multi-node settings pose key exposure risks without protective measures during user signing.To address these,an alliance blockchain scheme is proposed,reducing the resource-intensive identity verification among nodes.It integrates multi-signature functionality to fortify user resources and transac-tion security.A novel multi-signature process within this framework involves neutral nodes established through central nodes.These neutral nodes participate in multi-signature’s signing and verification,ensuring user identity and transaction content privacy.Reducing interactions among user nodes enhances transaction efficiency by minimizing communication overhead during verification and consensus stages.Rigorous assessments on reliability and operational speed highlight superior security performance,resilient against conventional attack vectors.Simulation shows that compared to traditional solutions,this scheme has advantages in terms of running speed.In conclusion,the alliance blockchain framework introduces a novel approach to tackle blockchain’s limitations in energy transactions.The integrated multi-signature process,involving neutral nodes,significantly enhances security and privacy.The scheme’s efficiency,validated through analytical assessments and simulations,indicates robustness against security threats and improved transactional speeds.This research underscores the potential for improved security and efficiency in blockchain-enabled energy trading systems.

A Novel High-Efficiency Transaction Verification Scheme for Blockchain Systems

Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields.An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture.As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow,ensuring information security becomes imperative.Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge.Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations.However,the efficiency of nodes in storing and verifying blockchain data faces unprecedented challenges.To address this issue,this paper introduces an efficient verification scheme for transaction security.Initially,it presents a node evaluation module to estimate the activity level of user nodes participating in transactions,accompanied by a probabilistic analysis for all transactions.Subsequently,this paper optimizes the conventional transaction organization form,introduces a heterogeneous Merkle tree storage structure,and designs algorithms for constructing these heterogeneous trees.Theoretical analyses and simulation experiments conclusively demonstrate the superior performance of this scheme.When verifying the same number of transactions,the heterogeneous Merkle tree transmits less data and is more efficient than traditional methods.The findings indicate that the heterogeneous Merkle tree structure is suitable for various blockchain applications,including the Internet of Things.This scheme can markedly enhance the efficiency of information verification and bolster the security of distributed systems.

A Fair and Trusted Trading Scheme for Medical Data Based on Smart Contracts

Data is regarded as a valuable asset,and sharing data is a prerequisite for fully exploiting the value of data.However,the current medical data sharing scheme lacks a fair incentive mechanism,and the authenticity of data cannot be guaranteed,resulting in low enthusiasm of participants.A fair and trusted medical data trading scheme based on smart contracts is proposed,which aims to encourage participants to be honest and improve their enthusiasm for participation.The scheme uses zero-knowledge range proof for trusted verification,verifies the authenticity of the patient’s data and the specific attributes of the data before the transaction,and realizes privacy protection.At the same time,the game pricing strategy selects the best revenue strategy for all parties involved and realizes the fairness and incentive of the transaction price.The smart contract is used to complete the verification and game bargaining process,and the blockchain is used as a distributed ledger to record the medical data transaction process to prevent data tampering and transaction denial.Finally,by deploying smart contracts on the Ethereum test network and conducting experiments and theoretical calculations,it is proved that the transaction scheme achieves trusted verification and fair bargaining while ensuring privacy protection in a decentralized environment.The experimental results show that the model improves the credibility and fairness of medical data transactions,maximizes social benefits,encourages more patients and medical institutions to participate in the circulation of medical data,and more fully taps the potential value of medical data.

Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs

With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.

ISO/TC 321电子商务标准化工作对非洲发展中国家的启示

This paper draws on the experience of the eighth plenary meeting of the ISO/TC 321, Transaction assurance in e-commerce, held in Hangzhou of China in November 2023, and explores potential ways in which developing countries in Africa can drive their development and contribute to global industrial progress by leveraging ISO/TC 321 standards. It provides practical recommendations for utilizing e-commerce standardization and related standards to stimulate economic growth and enhance business practices.

Optimization of High-Concurrency Conflict Issues in Execute-Order-Validate Blockchain

With the maturation and advancement of blockchain technology,a novel execute-order-validate(EOV)architecture has been proposed,allowing transactions to be executed in parallel during the execution phase.However,parallel execution may lead to multi-version concurrency control(MVCC)conflicts during the validation phase,resulting in transaction invalidation.Based on different causes,we categorize conflicts in the EOV blockchain into two types:within-block conflicts and cross-block conflicts,and propose an optimization solution called FabricMan based on Fabric v2.4.For within-block conflicts,a reordering algorithm is designed to improve the transaction success rate and parallel validation is implemented based on the transaction conflict graph.We also merge transfer transactions to prevent triggering multiple version checks.For cross-block conflicts,a cache-based version validation mechanism is implemented to detect and terminate invalid transactions in advance.Experimental comparisons are conducted between FabricMan and two other systems,Fabric and Fabric++.The results show that FabricMan outperforms the other two systems in terms of throughput,transaction abort rate,algorithm execution time,and other experimental metrics.

TRADE DEPENDENCIES AND TRANSACTION COSTS: THE OC-CUPATION OF DECELEA HIGHLIGHTS BOTH THE BENEFITS AND THE DRAWBACKS OF A MARITIME ECONOMY

Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.

Current Trends in the Management of Distributed Transactions in Micro-Services Architectures: A Systematic Literature Review

In the evolving landscape of software engineering, Microservice Architecture (MSA) has emerged as a transformative approach, facilitating enhanced scalability, agility, and independent service deployment. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the current state of distributed transaction management within MSA, focusing on the unique challenges, strategies, and technologies utilized in this domain. By synthesizing findings from 16 primary studies selected based on rigorous criteria, the review identifies key trends and best practices for maintaining data consistency and integrity across microservices. This SLR provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities associated with distributed transactions in MSA, offering actionable insights and potential research directions for software architects, developers, and researchers.

Antecedents and performance consequences of governance structures in R&D alliances

Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.

多证书多数字签名在电子支付中的应用

电子支付的安全性是电子商务的核心与瓶颈,直接关系到网上电子商务活动能否顺利进行。本论文在对安全电子支付协议(SET)进行分析的基础上,提出了利用多证书与多数字签对SET协议在实际应用中进一步完善的方法,对提高网上电子交易的安全性具有一定意义。

SIP协议的研究与实现

近年来,SIP协议得到了广泛应用,本文对SIP协议进行了研究,并在oSIP源码基础上设计和开发了一SIP协议栈,该协议栈提供快速产生SIP消息的API、对SIP消息进行解析和处理的简单API以及生成和解析一些SIP扩展信令(如INFO、re-INVITE)的简单API。

抓好信息工作 促进科教兴村发展——忻州北赵村科教兴村工作的实践与体会

近年来，随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善，信息正以独特的风姿活跃在我国农村经济的各个领域。在这一形势下，广大农民的信息意识也悄然发生着变化。昔日，许多农民还抱守着“开天辟地多少年，没有信息也种田”的陈腐观念，而今“信息农业”、“科技农业”、“...

数据库开发设计课程的教学改革与研究

随着网络技术的不断深入,Access、Foxpro等集中式数据库已不能适应社会发展的需要,微软公司推出的SQL SERVER以其丰富的功能及优越的性能占据了很大的市场份额。本文主要以《关系数据库SQL SERVER》课程的教学活动为例,结合本课程的特点阐述了讲授该课程的多种教学手段及在具体教学应用中取得的良好效果。

SQL Server 2000与异构数据源之间的传输转换技术

MicrosoftSQLServer2000是一个高性能的关系型数据库管理系统,具有客户机 服务器体系结构和强大的WEB功能,为企业应用提供了优良的扩展性和可靠性,能够满足大规模分布式计算环境的需要。SQLSever2000的数据传输转换技术,不仅可以生成资料仓库,还可以用来检索不同结构的数据源中的资料,对资料进行复杂转换并将资料存储到另一个资料源中,以便对数据进行析取、分析汇总,对数据仓库的海量数据存储和快速的检索技术提供了强大的支持。本文主要从SQLServer2000的工作原理和实例应用角度出发,介绍了用SQLServer2000中的TransactSQL编程和DTS(数据转换服务)等功能实现SQLServer与异构数据源之间传输转换的方法。

SET协议在数字化商品交易支付中的改进

在电子商务活动中,消费者和商家所交易的商品涉及两大类,一类是需要邮政或其它物流部门递送的实物商品,而另一类就是通过网络传送的数字化商品,如电子书籍、电子软件或音乐等。数字化商品和实物商品有着明显的质的不同,如何保证网上数字化商品交易支付的安全是电子商务所需解决的关键问题。在对SET(Secure Electronic Transaction)协议进行分析的基础上,指出了该协议在保证网上数字化商品交易安全性方面的不足,针对数字化商品的特点,提出了一个新的改进方案,并作了相应探讨。

大陆法系与普通法系财产的经济分析

普通法和大陆法的财产制度(property)看似大不相同,前者强调被称作地产权(estates)的所有权片段,后者集中于整体性的所有权。然而,由于功能性的原因,这两大法系在整体轮廓上非常相似。本文以交易成本解释了这两种法系在实践上的相似性以及在财产与所有权风格(styles)上的差异。

PCI Express总线事务层IP核设计及实现

介绍了第三代输入输出总线PCI Express的事务层组成结构与功能,自顶向下对事务层进行了系统级设计,运用硬件描述语言Verilog HDL对其实现。使用Synopsys VCS进行功能仿真,得出了仿真波形,验证了该设计的正确性,符合PCI Express事务层协议。

A Semantics-based Cooperative Transaction Model

In CSCW system, there are many long-time, cooperative, interactive transactions. Traditional transaction model and advanced transaction model do not effectively support transaction processing in CSCW system. In this paper, a semantics-based cooperative transaction model(SCTM) is put forward. This model is based on the semantics information of cooperative process and data objects, and can satisfy the demands of transaction processing in CSCW system.

卫星移动通信系统的路由策略研究

本文在基于数据报的路由算法的基础上引进了路由缓存的概念,提出预先路由存储算法,并在以铱星系统的拓扑结构构造的环境内对两种机制进行比较。在模型中测量几个重要参数:平均报文传送时延,数据丢失率,平均报文传送速率。