Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in intrathoracic lymphadenopathy with extrathoracic malignancy

BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)for the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph is poorly studied in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.AIM To evaluate the value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with extrathoracic malignancies who were referred to Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018 for EBUS-TBNA due to intrathoracic lymphadenopathy.The specimens were defined as positive for malignancy,negative for non-malignancy(tuberculosis,sarcoidosis,etc.),and without a definitive diagnosis.Sensitivity,negative predictive value(NPV)for malignancy,and overall accuracy were calculated.Complications were recorded.RESULTS A total of 80 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA and had a final diagnosis,among which 50(62.5%)were diagnosed with extrathoracic malignancy with intrathoracic lymph nodes metastasis,14(17.5%)were diagnosed with primary lung cancer with nodal involvement,and 16(20.0%)exhibited benign behavior including tuberculosis,sarcoidosis and reactive lymphadenitis or who had benign follow-up.The diagnostic sensitivity,NPV,and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for intrathoracic lymphadenopathy in patients with extrathoracic malignancy were 93.8%(n=60/64),80.0%(n=16/20),and 95.0%(n=76/80),respectively.In the multivariate analysis,longer short axis of the lymph node(OR:1.200,95%CI:1.024-1.407;P=0.024)and synchronous lung lesion(OR:19.449,95%CI:1.875-201.753;P=0.013)were independently associated with malignant intrathoracic lymphadenopathy.No characteristics of the lymph nodes and EBUS-TBNA were associated with the location of malignant intrathoracic lymphadenopathy,and no major complication was observed.CONCLUSION EBUS-TBNA is a simple and accurate procedure for the diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy with extrathoracic malignancy.

The clinical application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of lung cancer

Objective To determine the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for staging of lung cancer. Methods The study was retrospective,a total of 52 patients underwent EBUSTBNA for known or suspected lung cancer. All patients were detected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on CT scan (≥ 1. 0 cm) . Results Of the 52 patients,41 patients were found with N2 or N3 disease

Evolution of transbronchial needle aspiration needles: Over the last half century

Transbronchial needle aspiration(TBNA)is a commonly used sampling approach in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy as well as peripheral lesions.As a very important tool,the continued innovation of TBNA needles is a vital driving force for the development of the technique.Although TBNA plays an important role in interventional pulmonology,there are no clear standards guiding operators to choose an appropriate needle for their operation.In recent decades,with the advent of endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA(EBUS-TBNA),the real-time visualization of TBNA has been enabled.These modern TBNA needles,such as ViziShot2,FLEX 19G,Acquire FNB,and EchoTip ProCore,have made significant progress in specimen collection,convenience,and safety,though still remain grounded in the basic premise and initial upgrades to the original conventional TBNA(cTBNA)needles.This review introduced the developmental history of WANG cTBNA needles,and summarized the lessons of success and failure and the enlightenments for currently used EBUS-and other emerging TBNA needles,aiming to provide a significant reference for pulmonologists who lived through the cTBNA era and for junior physicians who start working in the EBUS-TBNA era.Despite its long history,TBNA is still playing significant roles in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.A deeper understanding from the historical perspectives would facilitate continued innovations in the field of TBNA and beyond.

Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration specimens for molecular diagnosis of non-small-cell lung carcinoma

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)are highly sensitive for diagnosing and staging lung cancer.In recent years,targeted therapy has shown great significance in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC).Using these minimally invasive techniques to obtain specimens for molecular testing will provide patients with a more convenient diagnostic approach.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of tissue samples obtained using EUSFNA and EBUS-TBNA for molecular diagnosis of NSCLC.METHODS A total of 83 patients with NSCLC underwent molecular testing using tissues obtained from EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019.All enrolled patients underwent chest computed tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to puncture.We detected abnormal expression of EGFR,KRAS,MET,HER2,ROS1 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein.Two patients failed to complete molecular testing due to insufficient tumor tissue.The clinical features,puncture records,molecular testing results and targeted treatment in the remaining 81 patients were summarized.RESULTS In a total of 99 tissue samples obtained from 83 patients,molecular testing was successfully completed in 93 samples with a sample adequacy ratio of 93.9%(93/99).Biopsy samples from two patients failed to provide test results due to insufficient tumor tissue.In the remaining 81 patients,62 cases(76.5%)were found to have adenocarcinoma,11 cases(13.6%)had squamous cell carcinoma,3 cases(3.7%)had adenosquamous carcinoma and 5 cases(6.2%)had NSCLC-not otherwise specified.The results of molecular testing showed EGFR mutations in 21 cases(25.9%),KRAS mutations in 9 cases(11.1%),ROS-1 rearrangement in 1 case(1.2%)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive in 5 cases(6.2%).Twentyfour patients with positive results received targeted therapy.The total effectiveness rate of targeted therapy was 66.7%(16/24),and the disease control rate was 83.3%(20/24).CONCLUSION Tissue samples obtained by EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA are feasible for the molecular diagnosis of NSCLC and can provide reliable evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

全身麻醉及现场快速评价在EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌中的价值

背景与目的肺癌是常见的呼吸系统恶性肿瘤。超声引导下经支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)是诊断肺癌和评估分期的重要工具。EBUS-TBNA大多在局部麻醉或清醒镇静下进行,而在全身麻醉下行EBUS-TBNA以及同时应用快速现场评价(rapid on-site evaluation,ROSE)能否进一步提高诊断效能目前仍未可知,本研究拟探索全身麻醉及ROSE在EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌中的价值。方法回顾性分析164例于2018年1月至2022年12月于西南医科大学附属医院呼吸与危重医学科就诊患者的资料,所有患者术前均疑诊为肺癌并行EBUS-TBNA,根据是否行全身麻醉及ROSE将患者分为局麻组(n=54)、全麻组(n=67)和全麻ROSE组(n=43),分析各组的穿刺情况以及在疾病诊断方面的差异。结果局麻组的淋巴结穿刺针数高于全麻ROSE组(P<0.01)。三组患者的疾病总诊断率分别为87.04%、89.55%和90.70%,恶性肿瘤的诊断率分别为88.24%、88.89%和94.74%,均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。三组中没有患者出现严重并发症及麻醉相关不良反应。结论与局部麻醉联合静脉镇痛镇静相比,全身麻醉下实施EBUS-TBNA无论是否联合ROSE均可得到同样准确的结果,全身麻醉联合ROSE可以减少淋巴结穿刺针数。

雾化超微粒径盐酸戊乙奎醚在喉罩全麻患者EBUS-TBNA术中的临床研究

目的观察雾化吸入超微粒径盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对超声引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)患者喉罩全麻后气道损伤的影响,并分析其作用机制。方法选取河南省人民医院2021年1月至2022年1月收治的126例行EBUS-TBNA的喉罩全麻患者进行随机对照试验,以随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各63例。观察组男33例,女30例,年龄38~72(55.62±5.69)岁,采用经雾化吸入超微粒径PHC辅助喉罩全麻;对照组男32例,女31例,年龄40~70(56.33±5.25)岁,采用二羟丙茶碱注射液辅助喉罩全麻。比较两组患者治疗前后的炎症指标、气道形态学指标、通气功能变化情况,以及术后气道损伤发生情况。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果术后,观察组的白细胞介素-13(IL-13)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)均低于对照组[(6.13±2.21)ng/L比(8.33±2.45)ng/L、(7.22±2.15)ng/L比(9.36±2.77)ng/L、(23.32±2.17)ppb比(26.61±5.41)ppb],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.29、4.84、4.48,均P<0.05)。术后,观察组的支气管基底膜周径(Pbm)、气道壁总厚度、气道平滑肌厚度均低于对照组[(1.77±0.24)cm比(2.16±0.38)cm、(7.15±2.41)mm^(2)/mm比(9.24±2.25)为mm^(2)/mm、(3.44±0.58)mm^(2)/mm比(4.41±1.27)mm^(2)/mm],差异均有统计学意义(t=6.89、5.03、5.52,均P<0.05)。术后,观察组的第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)均高于对照组[(85.22±10.46)%比(78.25±10.13)%、(422.74±80.61)L/min比(378.25±80.24)L/min、(2.68±0.46)L比(1.92±0.74)L],差异均有统计学意义(t=3.80、3.11、6.92,均P<0.05)。术后,观察组的气道损伤发生率低于对照组[9.52%(6/63)比20.63%(13/63)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.82,P<0.05)。结论雾化吸入超微粒径PHC辅助喉罩全麻能有效改善EBUS-TBNA患者术后气道炎症反应及通气功能,其机制考虑与抑制气道平滑肌增殖、促进气道形态学恢复相关。

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of undiagnosed mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） can sample the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes which are unreachable by conventional bronchoscopy.It is a relatively simple and safe method to see beyond the bronchial tree.We describe and discuss its initial application and our experience.Methods From July 2009 to December 2009, 52 patients with undiagnosed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were accessed with EBUS-TBNA in the People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital.Conventional bronchoscopy was performed before EBUS-TBNA, and patients with endobronchial lesions were excluded from this study.Smears fixed in 95% alcohol and histological specimens fixed in formalin were sent to Department of Pathology.Results EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic in 33 （63%） patients, with diagnosis of lung cancer in 23 patients （14 patients of small cell lung cancer, eight patients with adenocarcinoma, and one patient of squamous carcinoma）.Four patients, who had negative EBUS-TBNA results, were later diagnosed with malignancy at thoracotomy.One patient with negative EBUS-TBNA results died of cancer cachexia.The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of neoplastic disease were 85%, 100%, 100%, and 50% respectively.Among the 16sarcoidosis patients, who were diagnosed by a combination of the clinical and radiological information as well as pathological results obtained by EBUS-TBNA, nine of them had granulomas and benign lymphoid cells detected by EBUS-TBNA.The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were 56%, 100%, 100%, and 13%, respectively.Five patients with no definite diagnosis from EBUS-TNBA examination are under close follow-up.Conclusions EBUS-TBNA can provide a safe and effective method to sample mediastinal leisions suspected of malignancy.It also adds pathological information needed to make the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions

Background Mediastinal lesions are often difficult to diagnose in clinical practice because of the unique anatomical position of the mediastinum, which makes performance of biopsy difficult. The value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node staging has been widely accepted. However, few studies have been conducted on the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. The current study was conducted to investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities for whom endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration examination was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University People＇s Hospital, between September 2009 and December 2010. For patients who could not be diagnosed with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, surgical biopsy or more than 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out. Results Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed for 60 patients with isolated mediastinal lesions. Correct diagnosis was made in 48 cases. Nineteen cases were malignant, and 29 were benign. The rate of correct diagnosis was 80%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lesions were 95%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The examination was tolerable for all patients. No associated complications were observed. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe and effective method of diagnosing mediastinal lesions.

First 30 endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirations： a single institution＇s early experience

Background A new technique developed in 2002, aspiration （EBUS-TBNA）, has been one of the most real time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle important tools in lymph nodes （LNs） staging before lung cancer surgery. EBUS-TBNA was introduced into China in 2008. Methods Between June 2009 and October 2009, 30 patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy and thoracic masses previously detected with CT scan underwent EBUS-TBNA without rapid onsite cytological examination. Results From 30 patients, 33 samples were obtained from LNs and seven samples from intrapulmonary lesions. Twenty out of the 23 lung cancer diagnoses were clarified through the procedure, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy being 87%, 100%, 100%, 70% and 90%, respectively. All three false negative cases were found in the first five procedures. Additionally, among the 33 LNs examined, three specimens that had no lymphocytes were also found within the first five procedures. There were no major complications, and the procedures were uneventful. Conclusions EBUS-TBNA seems a safe and effective technique in making diagnosis for mediastinal/hilar LNs and intrapulmonary masses. For pulmonologists experienced in bronchoscopy, the sensitivity of the procedure for diagnosing lung cancer should be no less than 90% after the initial five procedures.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration versus Standard Bronchoscopic Modalities for Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis： A Meta-analysis

Background： Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） is an effective technique used to precisely detect enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The efficacy of EBUS-TBNA versus standard modalities for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains to be elucidated. In this meta-analysis, we compared the efficacies of these methods. Methods： We searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Cpvip, CNKI, and the bibliographies of the relevant references. We analyzed the data obtained with Revman 5.2 （Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark） and Stata 12.0 software （Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA）. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （Cls）. Results： Sixteen studies with a total of 1823 participants met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted regarding the diagnostic yield of each approach. The ORs for EBUS-TBNA versus transbronchial lung biopsy （TBLB） for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis ranged from 0.26 to 126.58, and the pooled OR was 5.89 （95% CI, 2.20-15.79, P = 0.0004）. These findings indicated that EBUS-TBNA provided a much higher diagnostic yield than TBLB. The pooled OR for EBUS-TBNA ＋ TBLB ＋ endobronchial biopsy （EBB） versus TBNA ＋ TBLB ＋ EBB was 1.54 （95% C1, 0.61-3.93, P = 0.36）, implying that there was no significant difference between their diagnostic yields. However, clinical heterogeneity was reflected in the nature of the studies and in the operative variables. Conclusions： The results of this meta-analysis suggest that EBUS-TBNA ＋ TBLB ＋ EBB could be used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, if available. At medical centers without EBUS-TBNA, TBNA ＋ TBLB ＋ EBB could be used instead.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Increases the Yield of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy for the Evaluation of Peribronchial Lesions

Background： Due to absence of visible endobronchial target, the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy for peribronchial lesions has been unsatisfactory. Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound （CP-EBUS） has allowed for performing real-time transbronchial needle aspiration （TBNA） of enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and therefore could also be used as a means of diagnosing proximal peribronchial lesions. Methods： We retrospectively analyzed the results related to 72 patients who underwent CP-EBUS for peribronchial lesions without endobronchial involvement and adjacent to three-grade bronchi based on chest computed tomography （CT） scan. We recorded the images during EBUS as well as the diagnostic results of TBNA and conventional-transbronchial lung biopsy/brush （C-TBLB/b）, and final diagnoses were based on pathologic analysis and follow-up. Results： In all cases, the mass was able to be identified using EBUS in 97.2% patients （70/72） who were performed with EBUS-TBNA ＋ C-TBLB/b. Sixty-six patients had a final diagnosis, 80.0% patients （56/70） had malignancies, and 14.3% patients （10/70） had benign disease. In malignancies, the diagnostic yield of C-TBLB/b was 57.1% （32/56） and in EBUS-TBNA was 85.7% （48/56）, whereas pathologic diagnosis reached 94.6% when EBUS-TBNA was combined with C-TBLB/b. C-TBLB/b ＋ EBUS-TBNA also exhibited stronger potency of histolytic diagnosis for malignancies than either EBUS-TBNA or C-TBLB/b alone. Furthermore, there are data supporting the value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of benign lung disease. Conclusion： The combined endoscopic approach with EBUS-TBNA and C-TBLB/b is an accurate and effective method for the evaluation of peribronchial lesions, with better results than using each technique alone.

Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in intrapulmonary lesions

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） is considered to have high value in the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer. The current study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in intrapulmonary lesions located near the central airway. Methods From September 2009 to March 2013, 66 patients with pulmonary masses located close to the central airways suspected to be lung cancer were accessed by EBUS-TBNA. Conventional bronchoscopic biopsy before EBUS-TBNA was nondiagnostic in all cases. If EBUS-TBNA did not result in a formal pathological diagnosis of malignancy, patients were subsequently referred for a surgical procedure. ResuLts Among the 66 cases, 59 were confirmed as pulmonary malignancies by EBUS-TBNA, of which 48 cases were non-small cell lung cancer, nine were small cell lung cancer, and two were metastatic lung tumors. No evidence of malignancy was found by biopsy and histopathological examination in the other seven cases. Thoracoscopy or thoracotomy was subsequently undergone for them. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, one case of lymphoma, two cases of sclerosing hemangioma, and one case of pulmonary tuberculoma. The definitive diagnosis rate of EBUS-TBNA for intrapulmonary lesions near the central airway was 89.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in distinguishing benign from malignant intrapulmonary lesions were 93.7%, 100.0%, and 93.9%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 42.9%, respectively. The EBUS-TBNA procedures were well-tolerated by all patients. No associated complications were observed. Conclusions For intrapulmonary lesions near the central airway highly suspected of cancer, EBUS-TBNA has satisfactory diagnostic value. However, the negative predictive value of this technique is low, so negative results obtained by EBUSTBNA should be confirmed by other methods.

Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration in superior vena cava syndrome

Background The pathological diagnosis is of critical importance to the subsequent treatment for the pathients with superior vena cava syndrome （SVCS）.The aim of this study is to report our experience in the diagnosis of SVCS by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA）.Methods The data of 520 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA from September 2009 to May 2012 at our institution were reviewed.Of these,there were 14 males and 6 females （mean age of 59.1 years） with SVCS who received EBUS-TBNA that were included in the analysis.Results The mean short axis diameter of the paratracheal lesions was （3.32±1.79） cm （range,1.69 to 9.50 cm） and 6 cases also had subcarinal lymph node enlargement with a mean short axis diameter of （2.14±0.49） cm （range,1.73 to 3.01 cm）.An average of 4.3 punctures was performed per lesion.Malignancy was confirmed in 16 cases （10 small cell carcinomas,4 adenocarcinomas,1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 Hodgkin lymphoma）.In two patients,pathological examination of tissue revealed no evidence of malignancy and for 13 to 24 months of follow-up.One patient from whom adequate tissue was not obtained refused further surgical biopsy since he had undergone endovascular stenting of the SVC.One patient in whom a diagnosis was not obtained by EBUS-TBNA underwent thoracoscopic biopsy and the final diagnosis was B cell non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma.The diagnosis accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in SVCS was 18/20 patients.Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a highly effective and safe procedure for the diagnosis of SVCS.

EBUS-TBNA联合ROSE对肺门纵隔疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨经气管镜超声引导针吸活检(Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration,EBUSTBNA)联合快速现场细胞学评价(Cytological Rapid On-Site Evaluation,C-ROSE)对肺门纵隔疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集2016年3月至2020年1月于我院就诊的127例肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大患者的临床资料,其中仅行EBUS-TBNA者52例,记为非C-ROSE组,行EBUS-TBNA联合C-ROSE者75例,记为C-ROSE组。分析患者的一般资料、EBUS-TBNA情况、穿刺标本合格率、并发症情况、最终诊断结果、对肺癌的诊断价值以及一致性。结果非C-ROSE组穿刺标本合格率为90.38%,C-ROSE组为98.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.680,P=0.031)。非C-ROSE组并发症总发生率为11.54%,C-ROSE组为1.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.141,P=0.013)。C-ROSE组的诊断率(90.67%)、敏感度(95.71%)及准确度(96.00%)均高于非C-ROSE组(71.15%、82.22%、84.62%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.164、5.764、5.031,P=0.004、0.016、0.025)。C-ROSE组Kappa系数0.749(95%CI:0.479~1.019),与最终诊断结果的一致性较强(P<0.001)。结论EBUS-TBNA联合ROSE诊断肺门纵隔淋巴肿大,可提高穿刺标本质量、减少并发症,提高诊断率、敏感度以及准确度。

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的临床应用

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结2009年9月～2011年8月182例经EBUS-TBNA检查的肺癌患者的临床资料。术前所有患者胸部CT均发现纵隔淋巴结肿大(≥1.0cm)和(或)PET/CT提示纵隔淋巴结阳性。结果该组182例患者,经EBUS-TBNA检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者151例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者31例。阳性者放弃手术,予以化疗或新辅助治疗。阴性者接受胸腔镜或开胸手术,行肺叶切除或肺楔型切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实26例纵隔淋巴结未见转移,5例纵隔淋巴结可见癌转移(EBUS-TBNA检查假阴性)。EBUS-TB-NA的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测价值及阴性预测价值分别为96.8%(151/156),100%(26/26),97.3%(177/182),100%(151/151)和83.9%(26/31)。所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生。结论 E-BUS-TBNA是一种安全有效的肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期方法。

EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查对肺癌及结节病的诊断价值

目的探讨经超声内镜引导下的经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)细胞学检查对肺癌及结节病的诊断价值,并分析其临床病理特征。方法收集160例经EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查的病例,以组织病理学结合临床共同诊断为标准,分析细胞学检查在肺癌及结节病诊断中的价值。结果 150例病例经组织病理学诊断后确诊,其中肺癌108例,结节病23例,结核病4例,其他疾病15例。EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查显示肺癌95例,肺癌诊断阳性率88.0%(95/108),阴性率12.0%(13/108)。以组织病理学诊断为依据,EBUS-TBNA细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为88.0%,特异度为100%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为76.4%。EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查显示23例结节病中有15例可见非坏死肉芽肿病变,4例结核病中有1例可见干酪坏死的肉芽肿病变。结论 EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查对肺癌诊断的敏感度及特异度均较高,对结节病及结核病的诊断也有一定的提示作用。

纵隔镜与EBUS-TBNA对肺癌诊断和分期价值的比较研究

背景与目的支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspira-tion,EBUS-TBNA)逐渐普及,但其对肺癌的术前分期和纵隔肿物的诊断价值尚待探讨。本研究拟对比研究EBUS-TBNA和纵隔镜的诊断效能,期望为理性的选择应用提供客观依据。方法收集2009年7月-2012年12月纵隔镜检查术患者361例,其中肺癌199例,纵隔肿物162例;EBUS-TBNA患者348例,其中肺癌216例,纵隔肿物132例。比较两种方法的诊断结果和相关指标,分析二者对肺癌术前分期和纵隔肿物诊断的临床应用价值。结果以石蜡病理学诊断为金标准,纵隔镜检查术的诊断准确性为98.33%,敏感性98.17%,特异性100%;EBUS-TBNA的准确性为90.80%,敏感性90.00%,特异性100%。两者对肺癌的诊断和分期效能无明显差异(P>0.05),纵隔镜对纵隔肿物的诊断效能较高(P<0.05)。结论纵隔镜和EBUS-TBNA对肺癌具有相似的的术前诊断和分期作用,但对纵隔肿物的诊断效能则以纵隔镜检查术为高。

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)诊断纵膈淋巴结的初步应用

背景与目的：经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchial ultrasound—guided transbronchial needle aspiration，EBUS-TBNA）是用于诊断纵隔淋巴结等病变的最新微创检查方法。本研究旨在评价EBUS-TBNA用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的价值。方法：2009年4月1日-2009年7月16日之间，共计20例纵隔淋巴结肿大患者接受EBUS-TBNA检查。总结穿刺结果，评价该方法的应用价值。结果：20例患者共穿刺淋巴结37组，穿剌成功率100％，未发生并发症。EBUS-TBNA：险查总体准确率90．00％（其中上皮性癌诊断准确率100％），灵敏度84．62％，特异度100％，阳性预测值100％，阴性预测值77．78％。每组淋巴结平均操作时间为11．9min。20例患者术后住院1～17d，中位住院1d。前3例患者各组平均操作时间为36．25min，后17例患者各组平均操作时间为7．76min，两者差异具有显著性（z=3．247，P=0．001）。结论：EBUS-TBNA检查安全性好，准确率高，是用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的较好方法。

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)临床应用的初步体会

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA）在明确纵隔和肺门肿大淋巴结定性诊断中的应用价值。方法2009年9~11月,对25例胸部CT检查提示纵隔和（或）肺门淋巴结肿大（短径〉1 cm）进行EBUS-TBNA检查,阴性者进一步接受纵隔镜检查或胸腔镜、开胸手术加以确证。结果本组25例共穿刺32组淋巴结。EBUS-TBNA明确淋巴结恶性转移者15例;EBUS-TBNA阴性者10例,其中1例开胸术后证实隆突下淋巴结转移。EBUS-TBNA在纵隔和肺门肿大淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为94%（15/16）,100%（9/9）和96%（24/25）。所有患者检查耐受良好,无任何相关并发症发生。结论EBUS-TBNA是评价纵隔及肺门淋巴结安全有效的方法。

临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移EBUS-TBNA阴性患者的处理

背景与目的超声气管镜针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound guided tranbronchial needle aspiration, EBUSTBNA)是肺癌诊断和分期的重要手段,但经活检阴性结果的患者后续处理尚无标准流程。本文通过分析来自单中心的临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理结果阴性患者,以探讨此类患者处理方式。方法对北京协和医院2010年9月-2016年12月进行EBUS-TBNA的1,412例患者资料进行分析,选取临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理诊断阴性的患者51例进行回顾性分析。结果入选51例患者按临床情况和后续处理方式分为以下5组:(1)经同一次气管镜下其他检查组(9例):该组患者大多(8例)存在镜下异常表现,通过活检、毛刷、灌洗或经支气管镜肺活检(transbronchial lung biopsy, TBLB)取得明确诊断;(2)再次EBUS-TBNA组(11例):该组患者气管粘膜及管腔大致正常,再次行EBUS-TBNA取得诊断;(3)手术治疗组(6例):该组患者因EBUS结果除外纵隔淋巴结转移,接受手术治疗。其中5例术后确诊无淋巴结转移癌;(4)进行其他病理检查组(15例):该组患者有其他部位转移,针对可能的转移灶进行计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)引导下穿刺、淋巴结活检等确诊。(5)随访组(10例):该组患者未进行其他有创检查,中位随访时间38个月,其中1例随访中诊断为淋巴瘤。结论对于经EBUS-TBNA未能确定诊断而临床怀疑肺癌的患者,应该根据患者的具体情况,综合多种方式进行诊断。对于暂时无法确诊的患者,仍需要长期随访。