Evaluating the Impact of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Surgery: A Meta- Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:A comprehensive meta-analysis based on the latest randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was conducted to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)on patients undergoing treatment after inguinal hernia surgery.Methods:A detailed search of Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library was performed for RCTs investigating the use of TENS during inguinal hernia surgery up to September 28,2021.The Cochrane tool was applied to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.Results:Seven eligible RCTs with a total of 379 cases were included.The meta-analysis showed a mean difference(MD)in VAS of-1.61[95%CI:-2.20-1.02,P<0.00001]at 2 hours post-operation,VAS MD=-1.33 at 4 hours post-operation[95%CI:-2.84-0.18,P=0.09],VAS MD=-2.36 at 8 hours post-operation[95%CI:-4.04-0.69,P=0.006],and VAS MD=-1.75 at 24 hours post-operation[95%CI:-2.64-0.85,P=0.0001].The cortisol level MD at 24 hours post-operation was-52.56[95%CI:-168.8-63.76,P=0.38].Conclusion:TENS significantly reduces postoperative pain following inguinal hernia surgery and promotes patient recovery.TENS is recommended for patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery.However,further high-quality studies are needed to confirm additional effects.

Acupuncture transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces discomfort associated with barostat-induced rectal distension:A randomized-controlled study

AIM:To explore the effectiveness of acupuncture transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(Acu-TENS), a non-invasive modality in reduction of rectal discomfort during barostat-induced rectal distension. METHODS:Forty healthy subjects were randomized to receive 45 min of either Acu-TENS or placebo-TENS(no electrical output)over acupuncture points Hegu(largeintestine 4),Neiguan(pericardium 6)and Zusanli(stomach 36).A balloon catheter attached to a dual-drive barostat machine was then inserted into the subjects'rectum.A step-wise(4 mmHg)increase in balloon pressure was induced until maximal tolerable or 48 mmHg.Visual analogue scale and a 5-point subjective discomfort scale(no perception,first per-ception of distension,urge to defecate,discomfort/ pain and extreme pain)were used to assess rectal discomfort at each distension pressure.Blood beta-endorphin levels were measured before,immediately after intervention,at 24 mmHg and at maximal toler- able distension pressure. RESULTS:There was no difference in the demographic data and baseline plasma beta-endorphin levels between the two groups.Perception threshold levels were higher in the Acu-TENS group when compared to the placebo group,but the difference reached statistical significance only at the sensations"urge to defecate"and"pain".The distension pressures recorded at the"urge to defecate"sensation for the Acu-TENS and placebo-TENS groups were 28.0±4.5 mmHg and 24.6±5.7 mmHg,respectively(P=0.043);and the pressures recorded for the"pain"sensation for these two groups were 36.0±4.2 mmHg and 30.5± 4.3 mmHg respectively(P=0.002).Compared to the placebo group,a higher number of participants in the Acu-TENS group tolerated higher distension pressures (>40 mmHg)(65%in Acu-TENS vs 25%in placebo, P=0.02).The plasma beta-endorphin levels of the Acu-TENS group were significantly higher than that of the placebo group at barostat inflation pressure of 24 mmHg(1.31±0.40 ng/mL vs 1.04±0.43 ng/mL,P= 0.044)and at maximal inflation pressure(1.46±0.53 ng/mL vs 0.95±0.38 ng/mL,P=0.003). CONCLUSION:Acu-TENS reduced rectal discomfort during barostat-induced rectal distension and concur-rently associated with a rise in beta-endorphin level.

A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members

Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label trial.Methods:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,USA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENS,in addition to usual care.Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013.Outcome measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month follow-up.Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects.Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depression.Results:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,P<0.0001]and an 11%reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale[MVAS:F(1,84)=28.3,P<0.0001]from baseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month follow-up.Symptoms of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or group.Conclusions:Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions.Based on the present findings,large,randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated.Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health.Trial registration:Clincialtrials.gov(NCT01752010);registered December 14,2012.

Non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder

We reviewed the literature on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)used as a therapy for overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms,with a particular focus on:stimulation site,stimuli parameters,neural structures thought to be targeted,and the clinical and urodynamic outcomes achieved.The majority of studies used sacral or tibial nerve stimulation.The literature suggests that,whilst TENS therapy may have neuromodulation effects,patient are unlikely to benefit to a significant extent from a single application of TENS and indeed clear benefits from acute studies have not been reported.In long-term studies there were differences in the descriptions of stimulation intensity,strategy of the therapy,and positioning of the electrodes,as well as in the various symptoms and pathology of the patients.Additionally,most studies were uncontrolled and hence did not evaluate the placebo effect.Little is known about the underlying mechanism by which these therapies work and therefore exactly which structures need to be stimulated,and with what parameters.There is promising evidence for the efficacy of a transcutaneous stimulation approach,but adequate standardisation of stimulation criteria and outcome measures will be necessary to define the best way to administer this therapy and document its efficacy.

剖宫产后TENS镇痛效果评价及其对产后应激的影响

目的观察剖宫产术后经皮神经电刺激(TENS)镇痛的效果,及其对产后应激激素的影响。方法将58例初产妇随机双盲分为TENS组、病人自控镇痛(PCA)组、假TENS组3组。以术后1 h为镇痛前。在7个时间点(镇痛前、镇痛后5 min、镇痛后15 min、镇痛后30 min、镇痛后60 min、镇痛后24 h、镇痛后48 h)进行产后疼痛的VAS评分;分别于术前(剖宫产前24 h)、术后24 h、术后48 h 3个时点检测产后应激激素促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、前列腺素(PG)。对比3组不同镇痛方式对产后应激激素的影响。结果 TENS组镇痛30 min后相比假TENS组VAS评分明显下降(P<0.05);镇痛后30 min开始,TENS组与PCA组间VAS无明显差异(P>0.05)。在术前24 h、术后24 h、术后48 h 3个时间点里,3组ACTH值组间均无差异(P>0.05)。术前24 h、术后24 h、术后48 h 3个时间里,3组前列腺素组间均无差异(P>0.05);但TENS组、PCA组两组在术后48 h前列腺素相比术后24 h有明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 TENS具有一定的镇痛作用,作用30 min以上可以达到和PCA等同的镇痛效果。TENS和PCA两种镇痛方式均可减低前列腺素水平。3种镇痛方式对血液中ACTH的影响无差异。

多次100Hz TENS治疗慢性炎症痛的适宜参数和可能的神经化学机制研究

本工作在单发佐剂性关节炎慢性痛模型大鼠上比较观察了不同时间间隔和不同强度的多次１００Ｈｚ经皮神经电刺激（ＴＥＮＳ）的治疗效果，并对炎症和ＴＥＮＳ过程中Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）和强啡肽（Ｄｙｎ）的变化规律及其作用进行了初步探讨。结果表明：（１）用小量的油包水型完全弗氏佐剂（ＣＦＡ）进行大鼠单侧踝关节腔内注射可造成单发性关节炎慢性痛模型。（２）刺激间隔时间和刺激强度均是影响多次ＴＥＮＳ治疗慢性炎症痛的重要因素。治疗的适宜间隔时间：急性期（１～３周），每周２次最优；稳定期（４～９周），每周１次较好。刺激强度：弱刺激的疗效较好。（３）多次较弱ＴＥＮＳ治疗慢性炎症痛的过程中脊髓ＳＰｉｒ基础释放量较致炎对照组减少，这可能是多次ＴＥＮＳ治疗慢性炎症痛的机制之一。（４）慢性单发性关节炎１周时，脊髓ＤｙｎＡ（１１７）ｉｒ的基础释放量升高，３周后持续低于正常水平。关节炎１周和９周时，脊髓鞘内注射ＮｏｒＢＮＩ均可剂量依赖性地引起炎症关节的痛敏加重，提示脊髓强啡肽κ受体系统在慢性炎症痛中发挥着对伤害性信息的紧张性抑制作用。

玻璃酸钠注射联合TENS治疗膝骨关节炎的临床观察

目的:观察膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠联合经皮神经电刺激(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,TENS)疗法治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选择80例膝骨关节炎患者,将其随机分为两组:研究组(关节腔注射玻璃酸钠联合TENS,n=40)和对照组(关节腔注射玻璃酸钠配合复方倍他米松痛点注射,n=40),记录治疗前及治疗后1、2、4周、3个月的VAS值、疗效评定及有无副作用。结果:治疗后两组患者治疗后VAS评分与治疗前相比均有明显降低,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。全部患者未见明显的不良反应和副作用。结论:膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠联合TENS治疗膝骨关节炎安全有效。

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Acupoints Relieves Labor Pain:A Non-randomized Controlled Study

Objective：To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation（TENS）on four specific acupuncture points Hegu（LI4）,Neiguan（PC6）,Danshu（BL19）and Weishu（BL21）for reducing pain in labor.Methods：A total of 160 voluntary nulliparous women who were willing to receive TENS for analgesia were assigned to the treatment group after cervical dilation of more than 2 cm.Another 145 matched nullipara were recruited as the control group.Visual analogue scale（VAS）was used to assess the pain before and 0.5 h after the application of TENS.Then,VAS was assessed every one hour until delivery.Percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was the primary outcome,the delivery mode and neonatal outcome were measured as secondary outcomes.Adverse reactions were also recorded during TENS.Results：The percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was 68.6%in the TENS treatment group.Maternal delivery mode and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.In addition,the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the TENS treatment group was less than the control group（P〈0.05）.There was no adverse reaction recorded with TENS on acupoints.Conclusion：As a novel and non-invasive approach,TENS on specific acupoints including Hegu（LI4）,Neiguan（PC6）,Danshu（BL19）and Weishu（BL21）was an effective method for analgesia in labor.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation through acupoints of Pucan (BL 61) and Shenmai (BL 62) on intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma： a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation （TENS） through acupoints on the intraocular pressure （lOP） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： A single-blinded, randomized experimental design study was conducted. Patients from the North of Taipei Ophthalmology outpatient department diagnosed with intraocular hypertension were selected and were further enrolled if they met the research subject criteria. The patients who met all criteria, and who met no exclusion criteria became the participants. Participants were randomly assigned into the treated group, wherein the TENS electrodes （Qing Ming Medical Device Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China） were applied with direct current （DC） on the acupoints Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） for 20 min. The control group received no TENS electrode treatments. Measurements of lOP were taken four times using a pneumotonometer （Clinico Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China）, before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after TENS electrode treatments. RESULTS： Eighty-two participants completed the experiment, lOP decreased more in the group treated with DC （P 〈 0.01） than in the control group.The lOPs were not affected by the age of the patients and their usage of medications. CONCLUSION： TENS of acupoints of Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） could significantly reduce the lOP in patients with glaucoma.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at acupoints on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To examine whether transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation at acupoints(Acu-TENS)improved the biochemical and physical indices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:Ninety subjects with T2DM were divided randomly into a control group(n = 30),aerobic exercise group(n- 30),or Acu-TENS group(n = 30).In addition to conventional diabetes drug treatment,patients in the Acu-TENS group received acupoint stimulation,the aerobic exercise group engaged in walking exercises,and the control group was given sham electrical stimulation.All groups were treated for 30 min for each session and five times a week for 2 months.The indices of glycosylated hemoglobin,2 h postprandial glucose,fasting serum insulin,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and body mass index were assessed at pre-treatment,post-treatment,and follow-up,which was 2 months after treatment.RESULTS:The indices of the control group were not changed(P > 0.05) at the three time points.At the pre-treatment measurement,there were significant differences(P > 0.05) in indices among the three groups.At post-treatment,each index of the two groups was lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05),and improved in comparison with the pre-treatment measurement(P < 0.05).In follow-up,each index of the aerobic exercise group and Acu-TENS group increased,but was still decreased compared with the pre-treatment value(P < 0.05),excluding body mass index.CONCLUSION:Acu-TENS could improve the state of patients with T2 DM and be used as a therapy in clinical application.

Non-invasive stimulation techniques to relieve abdominal/pelvic pain: Is more always better?

Chronic abdominal and pelvic pain is a common condition that has significant impact on quality of life,and causes billions of dollars in direct and indirect costs.Emerging data suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS),alone or in combination with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS),could be a promising therapeutic avenue to reduce chronic pain.The encouraging results coming from these studies prompted us to try combining TENS and t DCS in 4 of our patients who suffered from chronic abdominal/pelvic pain and to compare the effect with 5other patients who received TENS alone.Pain intensity was assessed with a visual analog scale before,during and after the stimulation.We observed that there was a slight decrease in pain which was similar in both patient groups(TENS alone and TENS combined with t DCS).These observations suggest that combining TENS and t DCS in patients suffering from chronic pelvic and/or abdominal pain produces no additional benefit,compared to TENS alone.Future studies,looking at the effect of several/consecutive TENS and t DCS sessions should be conducted.

Effect of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on labor pain in nulliparous women:a randomized controlled trial

Objective To examine the effect of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ACUTENS)on labor pain in nulliparous women.Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Razi Hospital in Qazvin,Iran between January and July 2018.After the screening process,144 out of 184 pregnant women were selected by convenience sampling and assigned to an intervention group or a control group by the block randomization method.The intervention group received ACUTENS at Hegu(LI4),Shenmen(HT7),Sanyinjiao(SP6),and Neimadian(Extra)during various stages of delivery in addition to routine labor care at the delivery room.For the control group,the same routine labor care was performed alone.The severity of pain was assessed in the two groups using the visual analog scale(VAS).The data were analyzed using R software(ver.4.0.2)and repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results ACUTENS reduced the mean score of pain intensity in the first stage of labor in the intervention group more than that in the control group(P<0.001).Also,the mean scores of pain intensity in the second stage of labor,episiotomy,and one hour after delivery in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion ACUTENS at Hegu(LI4),Shenmen(HT7),Sanyinjiao(SP6),and Neimadian(Extra)can decrease the intensity of labor pain in nulliparous women.It can be used as a non-pharmacological method for reducing pain in and after labor.

低能量冲击波与低频TENS治疗顽固性ⅢB型前列腺炎的临床对照研究

目的探讨低能量冲击波与低频经皮神经电刺激(TENS)对顽固性ⅢB型前列腺炎的治疗效果,并分析其并发症及安全性。方法本文为随机对照试验。前瞻性选取2021年6月至2022年10月广州医科大学附属第五医院就诊的顽固性ⅢB型前列腺炎患者104例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成两组,每组52例。研究组年龄24~42(33.1±7.3)岁,症状持续3~23(17.1±2.2)个月,采用低能量冲击波治疗。对照组年龄26~40(32.0±8.5)岁,症状持续3~22(17.5±2.8)个月,采用低频TENS治疗。治疗4周为1个疗程,1个疗程结束后采用慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)对两组临床症状进行评分,并分析其并发症、安全性。统计学方法采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果治疗前,两组患者疼痛与不适、排尿症状、生活质量影响评分和NIH-CPSI总分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后,研究组疼痛与不适、排尿症状、生活质量影响评分及NIH-CPSI总分均低于对照组[(9.21±2.10)分比(11.30±2.90)分、(5.13±0.60)分比(6.52±0.56)分、(5.10±1.10)分比(7.10±1.40)分、(20.26±1.05)分比(22.83±0.65)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.209、12.213、8.100、15.007,均P<0.05)。研究组治疗后总有效率[71.15%(37/52)]高于对照组[42.31%(22/52)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.814,P=0.003)。治疗过程中,两组患者均未出现明显不良反应及并发症。结论低能量冲击波治疗对顽固性ⅢB型前列腺炎的效果优于传统低频TENS治疗,且低能量冲击波治疗对患者较为方便,容易接受,安全性可靠,值得在临床上进一步推广。

Neural Firing Mechanism Underlying Two-Electrode Discrimination by 3D Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Computational Model

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) has been widely used for sensory feedback which is a key consideration of improving the performance of prosthetic hands. Two-electrode discriminability is the key to realize high-spatial-resolution TENS, but the neural firing mechanism is not clear yet. The goal of this research is to investigate the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation and to reveal the potential mechanisms. A three-dimensional(3 D) model is established by incorporating Aβ fiber neuron clusters into a layered forearm structure. The diameters of the stimulating electrodes are selected as 5, 7, 9 and 12 mm, and the two-electrode discrimination distance(TEDD) is quantified. It is found that a distant TEDD is obtained for a relatively large electrode size, and 7 mm is suggested to be the optimal diameter of stimulating electrodes. The present study reveals the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation by the 3 D TENS model. In order to discriminate individual electrodes under simultaneous stimulation, no crosstalk of activated Aβ fibers exists between two electrodes. This research can further guide the optimization of the electrode-array floorplan.

TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION FOR TREATMENT OF SPINAL SPASTICITY

Thirty-two patients with spinally originated muscle spasticity were treated with a transcutaneous electrical nerve

核心肌群训练联合经皮神经电刺激治疗产后非特异性下背痛的疗效观察

目的:探讨核心肌群训练联合经皮神经电刺激(TENS)治疗产后非特异性下背痛(NLBP)的有效性。方法:选取2021年10月至2022年9月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院女性盆底功能障碍诊治中心就诊的产后NLBP患者共50例。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各25例。对照组给予针对下背部肌筋膜触发点的TENS治疗,观察组在此基础上联合核心肌群训练。在治疗前、治疗后和随访4周后,分别采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)以及爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行疗效评价。结果:治疗后2组VAS评分、ODI指数均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访4周,对照组VAS评分、ODI指数明显高于治疗后(P<0.05),观察组VAS评分、ODI指数与治疗后比较无统计学差异。对照组治疗后EPDS评分与治疗前无统计学差异,而观察组治疗后及随访4周EPDS评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论:核心肌群训练联合TNES可有效改善产后NLBP患者的疼痛、功能障碍以及抑郁情绪状态,减少NLBP的复发。

甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹神经电刺激治疗的初步研究

目的回顾性分析甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹患者接受选择性喉神经电刺激治疗的远期疗效,探讨喉神经电刺激在甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹治疗中的作用。方法选取2020年1月~2023年5月就诊于西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊,既往行甲状腺切除手术并经频闪喉镜及喉肌电图检查诊断为单侧声带麻痹的患者42例,病程为15 d~6年,喉肌电图检查时给予喉神经电刺激治疗,检查前后均完善频闪喉镜及主客观嗓音参数检查,并录音频保存,于治疗后1年进行随访,评估患者声嘶恢复情况。结果电刺激治疗后,28例患者声嘶立刻改善,自觉发音费力明显缓解,且声门闭合较前改善,频闪喉镜下可观察到黏膜波。嗓音评分ΔR、ΔB、ΔH的改变有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。嗓音障碍严重指数(dysphonia severity index,DSI)较刺激前明显增高,差异有统计学意义;最长发音时间(maximum pronunciation time,MPT)较刺激前延长,但差异无统计学意义;基频微扰(Jitter)和振幅微扰(Shimmer)未见明显改变。电刺激治疗后1年随访,失访6例,随访36例,痊愈为58.3%(21/36),好转13.9%(5/36),未愈27.8%(10/36)。电刺激治疗有效28例,失访2例,随访时痊愈19例,好转4例,有效率为88.5%(23/26)。结论喉神经电刺激治疗可以改善甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹患者的声嘶,对其神经恢复期间的声音质量具有明显的改善作用。

超声波结合经皮神经电刺激对膝骨关节炎患者膝关节疼痛和功能的影响

目的:探讨超声波结合经皮神经电刺激对膝骨关节炎患者膝关节疼痛和功能的影响。方法:将122例Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级1—3级的膝骨关节炎患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各61例。试验组患者在常规康复治疗基础上给予超声波结合经皮神经电刺激治疗,对照组患者在常规康复治疗基础上仅给予超声波治疗。2组患者在治疗前、治疗4周后及治疗结束后第3月时,采用VAS疼痛评分量表、WOMAC膝骨关节炎指数、步行能力评定量表、6min步行距离评定患者的膝关节疼痛和功能状况。结果:治疗前,试验组和对照组各项数据相比差异无显著性意义,治疗4周后,两组患者的VAS评分、WOMAC疼痛和功能评分均有明显下降(P<0.05);两组患者的步行能力评分和6min步行距离均有明显提高(P<0.05),WOMAC僵硬评分两组患者均无明显改变(P>0.05),且试验组联合治疗下的VAS评分、WOMAC疼痛和功能评分、步行能力评分和6min步行距离与对照组相比均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。随访时,两组患者除WOMAC僵硬评分和功能评分外其余指标与治疗前比仍有显著性差异(P<0.05),试验组的VAS评分、WOMAC疼痛评分、步行能力评分和6min步行距离均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:超声波结合经皮神经电刺激可明显改善膝骨关节炎患者的膝关节疼痛、提高其步行功能和步行距离,但对膝关节僵硬无明显改善作用。

基于天枢与上巨虚穴经皮神经电刺激观察对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠结肠组织TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB蛋白表达的影响

目的基于“合募配穴”原则观察经皮神经电刺激(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,TENS)对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)模型大鼠结肠组织Toll样受体9(toll-like receptor 9,TLR9)/髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor88,MyD88)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响,探讨TENS治疗UC的相关机制。方法从48只SPF级成年SD大鼠中随机抽取12只作为空白组。其余36只通过2-4-6三硝基苯磺酸(2-4-6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)/乙醇法制备UC大鼠模型,成模后再次随机分为模型组、TENS组、阳性药物组,每组12只。成模后第1天开始干预:模型组仅行捆绑固定;TENS组捆绑固定后刺激天枢、上巨虚两穴;阳性药物组用225 mg/kg剂量的柳氮磺胺吡啶混悬液灌胃。以上各组干预均每天1次,共10次。观察记录各组大鼠每天食量和体质量。干预结束后,HE染色观察各组大鼠结肠组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测结肠组织白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)炎性因子的含量;Western blot法检测结肠组织TLR9、My D88、NF-κB蛋白的表达量变化。结果(1)与空白组相比:模型组大鼠结肠组织出现明显溃疡面,上皮细胞大面积萎缩,炎性因子大量浸润,IL-6、TNF-α炎性因子含量升高(P<0.05);TLR9、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白表达量上调(P<0.05)。(2)与模型组相比:TENS组和阳性药物组结肠组织损坏情况较轻,上皮细胞黏液较充分,腺体分支较少,炎性细胞浸润面积小;IL-6、TNF-α含量减少(P<0.05);TLR9、NF-κB蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05)。(3)与阳性药物组相比:TENS组TNF-α、IL-1β的含量及TLR9、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白表达量相对较高(P<0.05)。结论TENS能够保护肠道上皮细胞,减轻肠道炎症,其机制可能与降低结肠细胞促炎因子水平,抑制TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路蛋白的过表达有关。

耳甲电针(taVNS)治疗轻度认知障碍研究进展

轻度认知障碍的治疗是老年健康需要解决的难题。基于中医“脑病耳治”理论的新型神经调控技术——耳甲电针(taVNS),可辅助治疗多种神经、精神系统疾病,近年研究发现其对轻度认知障碍有效。对目前国内外耳甲电针治疗轻度认知障碍的研究现状进行综述,探讨其疗效、机制,展示其研究成果,提出进一步研究方向。将为MCI非药物疗法提供可借鉴的新思路,为广大老年患者的认知功能改善和生活品质提高提供新技术。