The Transfer of Land Contractual Management Rights in Ethnic Village--A Case Study of Ya'ergou Village in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on field survey in Ya'ergou Village,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,we analyze the status quo of the transfer of land contractual management rights in this village,and study the basic information,form,characteristics,and problems concerning the transfer of land contractual management rights in this nationality village.Then corresponding countermeasures are put forward for promoting the transfer of land contractual management rights in ethnic village as follows:strengthening the publicity of the policy in order to improve farmers' ideological understanding;raising the rent in order to promote the transfer of the land contractual management rights;diverting the governmental investment to the talented people within village;consolidating management and resolving disputes in the transfer timely and effectively.

Contract System for Circulation of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management

From the perspective of civil subject theory,law of value,comparative law and history of laws,the thesis expounds that the contract on the transfer of the contractual right of rural lands is in nature a civil contract instead of an administrative one.Then it explores the defects in the contract from the viewpoint of legal value goal,contract law and legal sociology,that is,the relevant provisions in Rural Land Contract Law and Explanations of Supreme People's Court about the Issues concerning the Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Rural Land Contracting go against the principle of free contracting and run counter to the legal value goal of justice,so they do not achieve good implementing effect.Finally,the thesis demonstrates and makes some practical legislative proposals to perfect the contract system for circulation of the right to operate constructed rural lands,aiming at improving the circulation rate through perfecting the contract of the right to rural land contractual management,solving the disputes in rural lands circulation and safeguarding the legitimate rights of the farmers.

Research on the Circulation Problems of Contractual Management Right of Rural Land

Based on the judicial explanation of the contractual management right of land, the thesis elaborates the definition of main body of contractual management right of rural land; right of possession, use right, usufruct of contractual management right of land; autonomy of production and operation; disposition of the products; expropriation and occupation compensation authority of contractual land respectively, in order to demonstrate the connotation of land contractual management. The thesis also analyzes perspicaciously the phenomenon of non-agricultural-use land and proclaiming phenomenon of contractual management right of land. We should establish normalized rural land property rights register system to perfect contractual management right of land. Proclaiming of agriculture land right also should adopt registration effectiveness so as to guarantee the legality of transference of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in terms of system. We should perfect rural land circulation in terms of normalizing land circulation laws and normalizing contractual farmers fees: in terms of the movable agricultural land right, we should further perfect the types and content of circulation and lessen non-legal form restrictions of circulation; in terms of contractual fees, we should normalize contractual fees of land in order to preclude the contradiction between the contractees and contractors arising from blank space of laws.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

Empirical Analysis on Transfer and Limitation of Land Contractual Management Right

Existing laws have three limitations on transfer of land contractual management right. The survey of 506 farmer households in Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Guangxi provinces indicates that most farmers have the consistent knowledge of limitation on " transfer being approved by the party giving out the contract in advance" with legislative requirements,but it is not effectively implemented in actual operation. As to limitation on transferee,no matter in cognition of farmers,or in real transfer process,the transferee is not totally limited to farmers engaged in agricultural production and management. For the constraint that the transferor should have stable non-agricultural occupation or stable income source, most farmers agree,but more than half of the farmers have not confirmed the transfer action in practice.

Disputes over Circulation of Rural Land Contractual Management Right and Control Countermeasures

On the basis of current situations of disputes over rural land contractual management right,this paper analyzes causes of disputes from four aspects. It states that controlling disputes,regulating and strengthening land circulation in accordance with laws are core works of new socialist countryside construction and rural reform. Finally,it presents five control countermeasures,including improving laws and regulations on circulation of rural land contractual management right,strengthening popularization and guidance of relevant laws and regulations,government departments administering in accordance with laws,stressing management of land contractual management right circulation contract,and establishing and perfecting land circulation intermediaries to realize market-oriented circulation.

Study on Transfer Problem of Contract and Management Right of Agricultural Land in Anhui Province

The status quo and significance of contract and management right transfer of rural land are analyzed,and major problems existed in contract and management right transfer of rural land in Anhui Province are studied,containing unsound transfer market,insufficient flow demand motion,single transfer form,non-standard register,right determination and certificate issuing. On this basis,several policies and suggestions are proposed,such as combining practical use with suitable use of land right determination and certificate issuing,establishing multilayer rural social security system and expanding land management range.

Reform of Agricultural Land Transfer of Different Types of Farmers' Willingness

Since forty years of reform and opening up,China's rural landscape has undergone tremendous changes,and agricultural production manner is obviously improved,while farmers' living level is rose significantly.Rural land contracting and management right system plays a vital role in promoting rural economic and social development in China.In this paper,farmers under the background of the transfer of rural land contracting and management right are taken as research objects,and the difference of different types of farmers under the willingness of land transfer is analyzed.Finally,corresponding reform assumptions are proposed for transfer willingness of different types of farmers.

再流转中土地经营权的登记效力规则研究

再流转中的两种土地经营权在登记能力、登记效力上采区分原则。再流转阶段,基于土地承包经营权的土地经营权承继土地承包经营权的流转规则而采登记对抗效力,“未经登记,不得对抗善意第三人”应解释为未登记可以对抗恶意第三人以及能对抗善意第三人的必要条件为已登记,登记对抗效力表现为登记公示相较于其他公示方式的优先性与相对公信力,占有使用及向发包人备案作为认定第三人善意的实质调查内容在司法实践中发挥作用。以其他方式承包取得的土地经营权再流转须“经依法登记取得权属证书”为管理性规定,同时暗含登记连续性的目的,采登记生效效力的形式正当性在于此类土地经营权再流转的物权变动在实证法上的相对独立性,进而适用不动产物权公示的原则性规定,实质正当性在于通过市场机制高效利用农村“四荒地”土地资源的价值取向。另外,可结合此类土地经营权再流转的特殊规制目的适用善意取得制度。

土地流转过程中农民权益保护研究

以土地承包经营权流转过程中农民权益保护为视角,从土地流转过程中农民主体地位、农民意愿的表达、流转收益分配、农民经济利益和生活环境情况等方面展开分析。从权利理论视角对土地流转过程中农民权益保护情况进行探讨,基于理论和实证的研究,从健全农村土地管理法规体系、完善农村土地产权制度、以市场机制为导向创新土地流转机制、大力发展农村土地流转服务、协调流转和耕地保护的关系、构建农村社会保障体系等方面提出完善建议,对深化农村土地制度改革、促进统筹城乡发展具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

放活土地经营权的法典表达述评及其体系化解释

我国《民法典》关于土地经营权流转的基本规范,需要结合“三权分置”改革的政策目标进行体系化解释。土地经营权的性质应采纳“二元说”。土地经营权的流转或者再流转未向农地所属集体经济组织备案的,不影响土地经营权流转或者再流转的效力。但土地经营权的再流转未经承包方书面同意的,该流转行为无效。土地经营权向工商企业等社会资本流转的,未经县级以上人民政府的行政许可,该流转行为亦无效。是否登记取得权属证书,应不影响土地经营权的流转。物权性土地经营权可以进行抵押,债权性土地经营权可以进行质押。其他方式承包产生的土地经营权的流转,可以部分参照适用家庭承包语境中土地经营权的流转规则。

Farmers Are Growing Further and Further from the Land:Land Transfer and the Practice of Three Rights Separation in China

Over the forty years since reform and opening up,China’s rural land system has undergone a drastic transition from the Two Rights Separation to the Three Rights Separation.Any examination of the latter must be grounded in the crucial field of land transfer.Our fieldwork in different areas across China revealed that the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has driven a drastic increase in the intensive,large-scale transfer of land.As a result,the traditional small-farmer economy is disintegrating,accompanied by a widening distance between farmers and the land.In practice,the Three Rights Separation system exhibits some new characteristics:the growing substantiation of the ownership rights of the village collective,the demutualization of the contracting rights of farm households and the marketization of management rights.At the same time,in practice we have also seen a strengthening of the position of those enjoying ownership rights and management rights and a weakening of the position of those possessing contracting rights.To change the rural land system and accomplish its goal of rural revitalization,China must endeavor to construct a new type of collective market economy.

农地经营权流转价格剪刀差形成的原因及对策分析

从农地的高价流转和低价流转两种现状进行分析,得出农地经营权流转价格剪刀差进一步扩大的原因在于农村熟人社会自发形成的土地流转价格相对较低;以村委会引导的土地规模化流转,其价格高位运行,两者呈现出剪刀差的发展趋势。基于此,提出政府要创建统一的流转信息平台,促进土地流转市场的公开化;降低恋土情结,弱化人情经济;构建完善的定价机制以及价格指数的动态调整机制;采取股份制换取农民土地,警惕炒地行为。

农地二轮延包实施进路——基于贵州省XF县的调查研究

第二轮土地承包到期后农地顺利延包是促进乡村振兴之根本。当前我国第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年面临“有人无地种,有地无人种”与“保持农户承包地稳定”的现行政策相矛盾、无地少地农民以及“两头占”“两头空”“外嫁女”等特殊群体的利益处理这两大突出问题,制定具体农地延包方案迫在眉睫。基于贵州省XF县“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”试点的调研发现,二轮延包中存在着确权收尾工作难完成、延包主体资格难认定、土地细碎化难处理、延包协议难签订等困境。解决这些困境的实践逻辑为建立登记颁证机制、农户自愿有偿退出承包和未承包地管理机制、缺地少地农户承包地调整机制、矛盾纠纷化解机制、农地承包经营权长效管理机制。具体而言,农地二轮延包的实施路径包括:完成土地确权工作;化解延包矛盾纠纷;承包地退出、收回与管理;数字化赋能农地承包经营权长效管理;政府组织成立专班予以落实。

集体建设用地使用权设立制度的优化逻辑与规范续造

研究目的:释明设立制度在促进集体土地所有权行使、集体建设用地使用权创设、集体土地规划管理权三者协同方面的重要功能,对《土地管理法》增设的集体建设用地使用权设立制度进行立法完善。研究方法:文本分析,规范解释,价值分析。研究结果:现行设立制度存在单一“经营性”窄化集体建设用地使用权设权谱系、从严用途管制模式下集体所有权对土地用途的自调节功能受限、设立行为实施主体和土地供应标准模糊、设立方式的制度供给粗疏等问题,需要完成从“资源保障”到“资产效益”的法律调控转型。研究结论:有必要确立收缩土地规划管理权和扩张集体财产权的理论方案,扩展设立类型以形成“经营性、公益性、居住性”的集体建设用地使用权谱系,提升设立环节规划用途管理与农村产业发展的相容性,确立委托关系下的具体实施主体和净地供应的客体标准,增扩设立方式的制度供给以弥合现行出让规则的局限。

法律视角下农村土地经营权流转问题研究

农村土地经营权流转是提高农村土地整合利用、促进农业农村现代化的有效途径。然而,当前土地经营权流转仍存在各种问题和不足。因此,需要从法律角度对农地经营权的入市交流和流转问题进行系统研究。在分析经营权流转的基本现状和法律困难的基础上,从明确土地经营权权利性质、健全农村土地的产权制度、优化农地经营权融资制度、强化经营权流转法律保障等方面,探讨了健全和完善农地经营权流转法律制度的策略。

基于信息化背景的农村土地经营权流转管理

近年来,随着农村经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,农村土地经营权流转现象日益普遍。农民通过土地流转,可以将自家的土地使用权转让给其他农户或农业企业,实现土地资源的优化配置,提高农业生产效率。随着信息化时代的到来,农村土地经营权流转管理也面临着新的挑战和机遇。本文旨在探讨信息化背景下农村土地经营权流转管理的现状、问题及发展趋势,以期为相关政策制定和实施提供参考。

农地金融创新:破解新古典均衡理论困境的新思路

农地金融创新可激活农民承包土地的金融属性,将农民从固化的人地依附关系中解放出来实现永久性迁移,形成城乡劳动力、资本、土地等要素市场的联动,实现城乡要素收入均等化。农地金融创新不仅在理论上为破解新古典理论的困境提供新思路,实践上也是当前缩小我国城乡居民收入差距的重要抓手。未来实施农地金融创新,既要在理论上赋予流转经营权的用益物权属性,从而在实践上解决新型农业经营主体的融资难题,又要构建农地证券化二级市场,积极推行高级形式的农地金融创新业务。

农地经营权流转、金融支农与农村居民收入

农地经营权流转有助于增加农村金融供给,推动乡村振兴。从金融支农视角探讨农地经营权流转对农村居民收入的作用与影响机制具有重要意义。基于2005—2020年我国30个省份(未含中国香港、中国澳门、中国台湾、西藏地区)的面板数据,利用地理邻接关系空间权重矩阵构建SDM模型,定量分析农地经营权流转对农村居民收入的直接效应及其空间溢出效应,并从金融支农视角探讨农地经营权流转对农村居民收入的影响机制。研究发现,农地经营权流转有助于提高农村居民收入,且这种作用在农业生产效率高的地区更明显;农地经营权流转对农村居民收入的影响具有空间溢出效应,本地农地经营权流转有助于相邻地区农村居民收入的提高;农地经营权流转主要通过凸显农地金融资本属性、加大金融支农力度来提高农村居民收入。因此,推进农地经营权流转不仅有助于直接提高农村居民收入,而且有助于通过加大金融支农力度间接提高农村居民收入,推进农地经营权流转、坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,是促进农地规模经营、培育新型经营主体、提高农村居民收入的必经之路。应优化农地经营权流转管理制度,为提高农村居民收入提供良好的制度保障;以劳动力自由流动为基础推动农地经营权流转,充分调动农民参与农地经营权流转的积极性;进一步提升金融资源配置效率与金融支农服务水平,提高农地经营权流转中的金融支农绩效。