Contribution and Relevance of Transfontanellar Ultrasound in Newborns in Ouagadougou: Multicentre Study on 1000 Cases

Objectives: To demonstrate the contribution and relevance of ETFs through the study of 1000 examination reports carried out in the medical imaging departments of the OUAGADOUGOU CHU. Material and method: Analytical descriptive study with retrospective collection, extended from 1st January 2020 to 1st January 2022. Results: Of the 1000 transfontanellar ultrasound reports, the mean age of patients was 7.61 +/ 7.5 days, with extremes of zero and 28 days. Sex was specified in 989 cases. Males accounted for 54.49% and females for 45.51%. 555 transfontanellar ultrasound were performed in 2020. 441 in 2021 and 4 in 2022. 61.9% of transfontanellar ultrasound were performed at the Bogodogo University Hospital, 205 at Charles de Gaulle and 176 at Tengandogo. Indications for transfontanellar ultrasound were dominated by neonatal distress (65.8%), followed by convulsions (10.2%) and prematurity (9.1%). Transfontanellar ultrasound was normal in 570 cases (57%) and abnormal in 430 cases (43%). Abnormalities were dominated by haemorrhage and ischaemic lesions in 66.28% (285) and 21.63% (93) of cases respectively. In the group of normal transfontanellar ultrasound, neonatal distress represented 59.65% of indications and prematurity 10.7% of indications. As for abnormal transfontanellar ultrasound, neonatal suffering accounted for 73.95% of indications and convulsions for 12.56%. The average age ofpatients with an abnormal transfontanellar ultrasound was 8.74 days +/ 7.89 days. The indication for investigations was relevant in 42.2% of cases and irrelevant in 57.8%;of the transfontanellar ultrasound with relevant indications, 0.71 were normal and 99.29 abnormal;of the transfontanellar ultrasound with irrelevant indications, the transfontanellar ultrasound was normal in 98.1% and abnormal in 1.9%. Conclusion: Transfontanellar ultrasound is an important part of ultrasound in current practice. Haemorrhage, anoxic-ischaemic lesions and hydrocephalus are the most frequent pathologies found by this technique in newborns. Whether or not the examinations were normal depended on the appropriateness of the prescription.

Aicardi syndrome:Neonatal diagnosis by means of transfontanellar ultrasound

Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by a characteristic classical trio of neurological clinical abnormalities(spasms),agenesis of the corpus callosum and ophthalmological abnormalities(chorioretinal lacunae).The diagnosis can be suspected by prenatal ultrasound with color Doppler identifying the agenesis of the corpus callosum.Usually,the diagnosis is confirmed in the neonate period by transfontanellar ultrasound and ophthalmological examination.We present a case of newborn with Aicardi syndrome,being the transfontanellar identified partial dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and a cyst in the inter-hemispheric fissure.Ophthalmological examination showed bilateral chorioretinal lacunae.

早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血影响因素分析

目的:探讨早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血(peri/intraventricular hemorrhage,PIVH)的发生率及影响因素。方法:对2011年1月1日至2011年12月31日在徐州市妇幼保健院住院的1 079例早产儿于生后48～72 h做头颅B超检查,用列联表法调查早产儿PIVH发生率与胎龄、出生体重和窒息之间的关系。结果:(1)2011年全年该院早产儿PIVH发生率为63.3%,其中Ⅰ级546例(79.9%),Ⅱ级122例(17.9%),Ⅲ级15例(2.2%)。大部分病例没有临床表现。(2)随着胎龄、出生体重和Apgar评分的降低,PIVH的发生率升高(P<0.01)。34～36 w、31～33 w和28～30 w三组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为60.6%、66.7%和75.0%;体重大于2 500 g、1 500～2 500 g和小于1 500 g三组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为56.2%、65.0%和80.2%;无窒息组和轻度窒息组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为57.2%和82.0%,重度窒息组高达88.9%。结论:(1)早产儿PIVH发生率高,建议所有早产儿应早期监测头颅B超。(2)早产儿PIVH发生率与胎龄、出生体重和窒息密切相关。

Intracranial Hemorrhage in Newborn with TAR Syndrome—A Feared Complication

The thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by bilateral absence of radius with the presence of both thumbs and thrombocytopenia, many times associated with cardiac anomalies, intolerance or allergy to cow’s milk and phocomelia. Imaging study is important for the correct diagnosis at birth and documentation of one of the diagnosis criteria (absence of radius) in prenatal care. The main hematologic symptoms and the most feared of them, intracranial bleeding, occurs when platelets levels are below 10,000/mm3, which is more common during the first months. Therefore, imaging study is crucial to quickly identify complications and correctly manage the case. In this case report, the patient had upper limps alterations at birth and at first week presented seizures, with transfontanellar ultrasound and head computed tomography without contrast demonstrating intracranial hemorrhage. Laboratory results and imaging review were able to diagnose TAR syndrome. The patient was treated with platelets transfusion and thrombocytopenia was solved. She is currently under specialized medical care, with no neurological deficits and showing satisfactory development.

Recto-sigmoid endoscopic-ultrasonography in the staging of deep infiltrating endometriosis

Recto-sigmoid endoscopic ultrasonography(RS-EUS) has first been used in the staging of pelvic deep infil-trating endometriosis in the early 1990's. Since then, although publications have been sparse, RS-EUS is routinely used for this indication in few centers. In this paper, we focus on technical aspects and operating method of rectal and sigmoid endo-sonography, and describe the most characteristic echographic presen-tations of endometriosis of the lower digestive tract. Through a literature review, results obtained with dif-ferent types of endo-rectal probes, either flexible en-doscopic, or blind rigid, are presented and compared with those of other close imaging techniques: magnetic resonance imaging and the more recent trans-vaginal sonography. As well as these two latter techniques, RS-EUS appears as an interesting method in the staging of pelvic deep infiltrating endometriosis particularly to evaluate rectal and sigmoid infiltrations. However, more prospective studies are required, to correctly define respective indications for each exam, in the light of re-cent advancements in treating this frequent disease.

Place of Ultrasonographic in Screening Brain Lesions in Premature Newborn at Cotonou

Goal: The goal of this study is to define the epidemiological profile and identify the different brain lesions diagnosed in ultrasonography in preterm infants in Benin environment. Patients and methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study of analytical aiming. It took place over a period of 6 months, from May 1st to October 31st, 2012 at the National Hospital University Centre Koutoukou Hubert Maga in neonatal units and medical scanning unit. It covered 105 premature newborn, classified into the very prematurity and the moderate prematurity. Results: The very premature represented 35.2% and the moderate premature 64.8%, with an average of 33.5% and 1.9 of standard deviation. The average age when implementing ultrasonographic transfontanellar was 7.2 ± 4.6 days old. The lowest birth weight was observed in very premature with p = 0.0025. The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum was the most found lesions in 46 preterm infants (43.8%) with no statistically significantly difference in two groups, followed by the ventricular haemorrhage found in 21 preterm infants accounting for 20%, and the grade 1 or sub-ependymal haemorrhage prevailed in 14 premature accounting for 66.7%, afterward periventricular leukomalacia in 4 premature infants and hydrocephalus in 2 premature. Conclusion: The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum and the sub-ependymal ventricular haemorrhage were the predominant anomalies in premature infants followed by leukomalacia.