An effective Luby transform (LT) encoding algorithm based on short cycle elimination is proposed to improve decoding probabilities of short length LT codes. By searching the generator ma- trix, some special encoded ...An effective Luby transform (LT) encoding algorithm based on short cycle elimination is proposed to improve decoding probabilities of short length LT codes. By searching the generator ma- trix, some special encoded symbols are generated by the encoder to effectively break the short cycles that have negative effect on the performance of LT codes. Analysis and numerical results show that by employing the proposed algorithm, the encoding complexity decreases and the decoding probabili- ties improve both in binary erasure channels (BECs) and additive white gauss noise (AWGN) chan- nels.展开更多
Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.Howeve...Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.However,the entire code transformation process has encountered a time-consuming problem.Therefore,the objective of this study is to speed up the code transformation process signicantly.This paper has proposed deep learning approaches for modifying SH using a variational simhash(VSH)algorithm and replacing LCS with a piecewise longest common subsequence(PLCS)algorithm to faster the verication process in the test phase.Besides the code transformation model GPT-2,this study has also introduced MicrosoMASS and Facebook BART for a comparative analysis of their performance.Meanwhile,the explainable AI technique using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)can also interpret the decision-making ofAImodels.The experimental results show that VSH can reduce the number of qualied programs by 22.11%,and PLCS can reduce the execution time of selected pocket programs by 32.39%.As a result,the proposed approaches can signicantly speed up the entire code transformation process by 1.38 times on average compared with our previous work.展开更多
Lattice vector quantization (LVQ) has been used for real-time speech and audio coding systems. Compared with conventional vector quantization, LVQ has two main advantages: It has a simple and fast encoding process,...Lattice vector quantization (LVQ) has been used for real-time speech and audio coding systems. Compared with conventional vector quantization, LVQ has two main advantages: It has a simple and fast encoding process, and it significantly reduces the amount of memory required. Therefore, LVQ is suitable for use in low-complexity speech and audio coding. In this paper, we describe the basic concepts of LVQ and its advantages over conventional vector quantization. We also describe some LVQ techniques that have been used in speech and audio coding standards of international standards developing organizations (SDOs).展开更多
Luby transform (LT) codes are proposed to suppress the effect of partial band noise jam- ming in frequency hopping (FH) communication systems. A decoding scheme for joint erasures of severely jammed symbols and er...Luby transform (LT) codes are proposed to suppress the effect of partial band noise jam- ming in frequency hopping (FH) communication systems. A decoding scheme for joint erasures of severely jammed symbols and error correction is proposed. If an uncorrectable error is detected, the receiver erases the jammed symbols and uses incremental redundancy to increase the error-correcting capability. The performance of LT codes, under power-oppressive partial band noise jamming ( PB- N J) with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), is evaluated via simulation. Even if the jam- mer spreads its high power over half of the hopping bandwidth, LT codes are shown to achieve a tar- get bit error probability of 10 -5, demonstrating their effectiveness as high-performance codes to im- prove the ability of FH systems to combat varying partial band noise jamming.展开更多
With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living...With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living (or consumption) oriented pollution pattern from the production oriented pollution pattern. Regarding this transition, the environmental education recognized as an important measure for approaching the objective of sustainable development, should transfer its focus correspondingly in urban area, which is to transfer to the habit cultivating pattern on the basis of the traditional knowledge inputting environmental education pattern. In practice, the urban environmental education should emphasize more on developing or cultivating the sustainable living mode of the urban residents, especially the students in elementary and primary schools and women. By this transform, the environmental education may be guided further towards sustainable development, and to serve the achievement of sustainable cities better in China.展开更多
When source code is over-specific to some concrete contexts, developers have to manually change the source code retrieved from the Internet. To solve this problem, we propose the context-aware change pattern(CACP). ...When source code is over-specific to some concrete contexts, developers have to manually change the source code retrieved from the Internet. To solve this problem, we propose the context-aware change pattern(CACP). For a piece of source code, we extract the changes and changes-relevant context from the past code changes, identifying CACP that is the abstract common part of the changes and context. By using CACP, the retrieved source code could be transformed into the suitable one according to different user needs. From the Github we extracted 7 topics, collected 5-6 code snippets per topic and performed 5 different experiments which illustrated that CACP improves code transformation accuracy by 73.84%.展开更多
Many important developments in video compression technologies have occurred during the past two decades. The block-based discrete cosine transform with motion compensation hybrid coding scheme has been widely employed...Many important developments in video compression technologies have occurred during the past two decades. The block-based discrete cosine transform with motion compensation hybrid coding scheme has been widely employed by most available video coding standards, notably the ITU-T H.26x and ISO/IEC MPEG-x families and video part of China audio video coding standard (AVS). The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the developments of the four basic building blocks of hybrid coding scheme, namely predictive coding, transform coding, quantization and entropy coding, and give theoretical analyses and summaries of the technological advancements. We further analyze the development trends and perspectives of video com- pression, highlighting problems and research directions.展开更多
A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation(TCX)audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stabil...A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation(TCX)audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stability of linear predictive coding(LPC)filter,predicts the lost frames by utilizing the linear spectrum frequency and different continuous attenuation factor of different kinds of lost frames.Signal noise ratio(SNR)test and multiple stimuli with hidden reference and anchor(MUSHRA)test are conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in adaptive multi-rate wideband plus(AMR-WB+)audio codec.Compared with the original frame error concealment scheme,our scheme achieves better audio recovery quality in AMR-WB+audio codec.展开更多
Modern compilers apply various code transformation algorithms to improve the quality of the target code. However, a complex problem is to determine which transformation algorithms must be utilized. This is difficult b...Modern compilers apply various code transformation algorithms to improve the quality of the target code. However, a complex problem is to determine which transformation algorithms must be utilized. This is difficult because of three reasons: a number of transformation algorithms, various combination possibilities, and several configuration possibil- ities. Over the last few years, various intelligent systems were presented in the literature. The goal of these systems is to search for transformation algorithms and thus apply them to a certain program. This paper proposes a flexible, low-cost and intelligent system capable of identifying transformation algorithms for an input program, considering the program's specific features. This system is flexible for parameterization selection and has a low-computational cost. In addition, it has the capability to maximize the exploration of available computational resources. The system was implemented under the Low Level Virtual Machine infrastructure and the results indicate that it is capable of exceeding, up to 21.36%, performance reached by other systems. In addition, it achieved an average improvement of up to 17.72% over the most aggressive compiler optimization level of the Low Level Virtual Machine infrastructure.展开更多
基金Supported by China Mobile Research Institute and China National S&T Major Project(2010ZX03003-003)
文摘An effective Luby transform (LT) encoding algorithm based on short cycle elimination is proposed to improve decoding probabilities of short length LT codes. By searching the generator ma- trix, some special encoded symbols are generated by the encoder to effectively break the short cycles that have negative effect on the performance of LT codes. Analysis and numerical results show that by employing the proposed algorithm, the encoding complexity decreases and the decoding probabili- ties improve both in binary erasure channels (BECs) and additive white gauss noise (AWGN) chan- nels.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,under Grant Nos.MOST 111-2221-E-390-012 and MOST 111-2622-E-390-001.
文摘Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.However,the entire code transformation process has encountered a time-consuming problem.Therefore,the objective of this study is to speed up the code transformation process signicantly.This paper has proposed deep learning approaches for modifying SH using a variational simhash(VSH)algorithm and replacing LCS with a piecewise longest common subsequence(PLCS)algorithm to faster the verication process in the test phase.Besides the code transformation model GPT-2,this study has also introduced MicrosoMASS and Facebook BART for a comparative analysis of their performance.Meanwhile,the explainable AI technique using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)can also interpret the decision-making ofAImodels.The experimental results show that VSH can reduce the number of qualied programs by 22.11%,and PLCS can reduce the execution time of selected pocket programs by 32.39%.As a result,the proposed approaches can signicantly speed up the entire code transformation process by 1.38 times on average compared with our previous work.
文摘Lattice vector quantization (LVQ) has been used for real-time speech and audio coding systems. Compared with conventional vector quantization, LVQ has two main advantages: It has a simple and fast encoding process, and it significantly reduces the amount of memory required. Therefore, LVQ is suitable for use in low-complexity speech and audio coding. In this paper, we describe the basic concepts of LVQ and its advantages over conventional vector quantization. We also describe some LVQ techniques that have been used in speech and audio coding standards of international standards developing organizations (SDOs).
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(61072048)
文摘Luby transform (LT) codes are proposed to suppress the effect of partial band noise jam- ming in frequency hopping (FH) communication systems. A decoding scheme for joint erasures of severely jammed symbols and error correction is proposed. If an uncorrectable error is detected, the receiver erases the jammed symbols and uses incremental redundancy to increase the error-correcting capability. The performance of LT codes, under power-oppressive partial band noise jamming ( PB- N J) with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), is evaluated via simulation. Even if the jam- mer spreads its high power over half of the hopping bandwidth, LT codes are shown to achieve a tar- get bit error probability of 10 -5, demonstrating their effectiveness as high-performance codes to im- prove the ability of FH systems to combat varying partial band noise jamming.
文摘With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living (or consumption) oriented pollution pattern from the production oriented pollution pattern. Regarding this transition, the environmental education recognized as an important measure for approaching the objective of sustainable development, should transfer its focus correspondingly in urban area, which is to transfer to the habit cultivating pattern on the basis of the traditional knowledge inputting environmental education pattern. In practice, the urban environmental education should emphasize more on developing or cultivating the sustainable living mode of the urban residents, especially the students in elementary and primary schools and women. By this transform, the environmental education may be guided further towards sustainable development, and to serve the achievement of sustainable cities better in China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60373075,61640221,61562026,61672470)
文摘When source code is over-specific to some concrete contexts, developers have to manually change the source code retrieved from the Internet. To solve this problem, we propose the context-aware change pattern(CACP). For a piece of source code, we extract the changes and changes-relevant context from the past code changes, identifying CACP that is the abstract common part of the changes and context. By using CACP, the retrieved source code could be transformed into the suitable one according to different user needs. From the Github we extracted 7 topics, collected 5-6 code snippets per topic and performed 5 different experiments which illustrated that CACP improves code transformation accuracy by 73.84%.
基金Project (No. 2009CB320903) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China
文摘Many important developments in video compression technologies have occurred during the past two decades. The block-based discrete cosine transform with motion compensation hybrid coding scheme has been widely employed by most available video coding standards, notably the ITU-T H.26x and ISO/IEC MPEG-x families and video part of China audio video coding standard (AVS). The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the developments of the four basic building blocks of hybrid coding scheme, namely predictive coding, transform coding, quantization and entropy coding, and give theoretical analyses and summaries of the technological advancements. We further analyze the development trends and perspectives of video com- pression, highlighting problems and research directions.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2015AA016306)the Foundation of Outstanding Middle-aged and Young Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Program of Department of Education of Hubei Province(T201516)the Foundation of Department of Education of Hubei Province(Q20132207)
文摘A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation(TCX)audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stability of linear predictive coding(LPC)filter,predicts the lost frames by utilizing the linear spectrum frequency and different continuous attenuation factor of different kinds of lost frames.Signal noise ratio(SNR)test and multiple stimuli with hidden reference and anchor(MUSHRA)test are conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in adaptive multi-rate wideband plus(AMR-WB+)audio codec.Compared with the original frame error concealment scheme,our scheme achieves better audio recovery quality in AMR-WB+audio codec.
文摘Modern compilers apply various code transformation algorithms to improve the quality of the target code. However, a complex problem is to determine which transformation algorithms must be utilized. This is difficult because of three reasons: a number of transformation algorithms, various combination possibilities, and several configuration possibil- ities. Over the last few years, various intelligent systems were presented in the literature. The goal of these systems is to search for transformation algorithms and thus apply them to a certain program. This paper proposes a flexible, low-cost and intelligent system capable of identifying transformation algorithms for an input program, considering the program's specific features. This system is flexible for parameterization selection and has a low-computational cost. In addition, it has the capability to maximize the exploration of available computational resources. The system was implemented under the Low Level Virtual Machine infrastructure and the results indicate that it is capable of exceeding, up to 21.36%, performance reached by other systems. In addition, it achieved an average improvement of up to 17.72% over the most aggressive compiler optimization level of the Low Level Virtual Machine infrastructure.