Following the Charter of the United Nations: The Basic Guarantee for the Realization of the Right to Development——From the Perspective of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts regarding the people as the focal point, the dignity, the worth of the human being, as well as larger aspects of freedom, and other basic concepts within the Charter of the United Nations, guide the right direction of action for the realization of the right to development. The purpose and principles of the United Nations establishment in the Charter constitute the basic legal protection of the right to development. Values of peace, international dialogue, and international cooperation show the right path to the realization of the right to development.

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China's implementation

The concept of sustainable development has experienced great development and change at different levels of theoretical connotation and practical implementation since 1960 s and 1970 s when it was first proposed. People's understanding of the relationship between economy,society, and environment has been continuously deepened over the years. When it came to the end of 2015, it is necessary to examine the results of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on sustainable development, and at the same time, the post-2015 framework and guidance on sustainable development at the global level were to be made, including the ideas, action plans, key areas that would guide the global sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has developed a 5P theoretical framework of being peoplecentered, global environmental security, sustained economic prosperity, social justice and harmony and partnership promotion, including a political declaration, 17 overarching goals and 169 specific targets, specific ways of implementation, as well as the follow-up. It is the road map to achieve global sustainable development and meet the requirements of the millennium development goals. This paper summarizes the understanding of the concept of sustainable development from its origin, its significant development, to the proposition and development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its strategic impact on China.

Human Rights Dilemma of Migration Targets in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly and specifically includes migration in the global development agenda for the first time, and establishes relevant targets, including promoting regular migration and protecting the rights of migrant workers. These targets are significant achievements of the United Nations in promoting the topic “Migration and Development” and strengthening the human rights-based global migration governance.However, there are many difficulties in achieving these targets, especially when the rights of regular and irregular migration are undermining national sovereignty and security, or are not in line with national development needs. With the continued spread of the CoVID-19pandemic, rising tensions among major powers, and the prevalence of populism and anti-foreigner sentiment in the West, the process of migration and development has been seriously influenced, and the divergent positions and conflicting interests of countries have pushed the migration targets further out of reach. However, in the long run,exploration in this area will help promote global economic recovery in the post-pandemic era and benefit all parties from the positive interactions of migration, development, and human rights.

Influence of foreign direct investment from China on achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in African countries

The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs?This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores.Then,the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa,with the SDGs being grouped into social,economic,and environmental dimensions.Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa.FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy),SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth),SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure),SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production),SDG 13(Climate Action),and SDG 15(Life on Land).The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7,8,9,11(Sustainable Cities and Communities),and 14(Life below Water)was significantly positive.However,the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions,whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends.To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment,more investment scopes,particularly those in the social dimension,should be developed.Moreover,China-Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China-Africa community with a shared future.

Are SDGs suitable for China's sustainable development assessment? An application and amendment of the SDGs Indicators in China

In order to further ensure that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be implemented and the action measures of all countries are consistent, the United Nations has put forward a set of indicators to monitor and evaluate the progress of global sustainable development. This set of evaluation indicators is aimed for global and regional progress. An important feature of the evaluation indicators is that they are internationally comparable, but due to the large differences in the levels of sustainable development among countries, this framework of evaluation indicators has a disadvantage that it does not apply to tracking the progress of sustainable development at the national level. This paper focuses on the analysis of specific issues in the application of the global sustainable development indicators framework to meet the goals and targets of the UN and builds a system of evaluation indicators to assess the progress of sustainable development at the national level in China, and offers a perspective to assess China’s progress as well.

Constructing demonstration zones to promote the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals

After the United Nations Agenda 2030 was officially launched in September 2015,governments around the world have taken actions to implement the ambitious plan.This paper summarizes the actions and policies taken in China for promoting the implementation of the UN’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,with emphasis on promoting the development of demonstration zones for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The Chinese government has taken two types of measures.One is to formulate a series of national plans and strategies and the other is to construct pilot and demonstration zones.Two approaches were presented to optimize the selection criteria for demonstration zones:a problem-based approach;and a major function-based approach.Both provided priority regions and major themes for selection and construction of demonstration zones.Suggestions for promoting the development of demonstration zones include:(1)building a monitoring system for the implementation of SDGs in each demonstration zone and establishing an open online platform to track the progress;(2)forming an effective stakeholder participation mechanism.The experiences in constructing innovation-driven demonstration zones are insightful for other countries to take practical actions in the delivery of SDGs.

城市层面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程的中国探索:国家可持续发展议程创新示范区

建设国家可持续发展议程创新示范区(简称“创新示范区”)是中国统筹国内国际发展形势作出的重要决策部署,旨在依靠以科技创新为核心的全面创新,探索可持续发展问题的系统解决方案,为国内同类地区可持续发展发挥示范带动作用,为其他国家落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提供中国经验。创新示范区工作启动6年来,中国把这项工作作为实施创新驱动发展战略和可持续发展战略的重要抓手,建立健全工作机制,以城市为载体,按照“一城一主题”的要求,国务院先后三批次批复建设了11个创新示范区,汇聚各方力量和资源有效推动了创新示范区的建设和发展,在推进机制、建设内容等方面彰显了创新示范区的建设特色和经验,在国际社会形成了较大影响力。中共二十大擘画了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图,创新示范区建设需要围绕促进人与自然和谐共生等中国式现代化的本质要求,进一步完善指导创新示范区建设的理论体系,丰富地方可持续发展的具体实践,增强内生动力,把党中央、国务院的决策部署落在实处。基于此,该研究进一步分析了推进创新示范区建设需要深入讨论和关注的关键问题,结合新形势新要求,提出了推进创新示范区建设的思路,以期为创新示范区未来的发展提供借鉴。

Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated targets.This paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development financing.Through a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the SDGs.We then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

A goal-based approach to the identification of essential transformation variables in support of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

The United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets seventeen Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to be achieved by 2030.Earth observation are needed that can support the development and validation of transformation policies to make progress towards the SDGs.A participatory and inclusive goal-based approach(GBA)is introduced that links societal goals,targets and indicators to Essential Transformation Variables(ETVs)of the human and non-human environment.The GBA is complementary to the widely used expertbased approach.The GBA is applied to the SDGs at the goal,target and indicator levels.The high-level conceptual model used for the SDGs is humanity embedded in the Earth’s life-support system(ELSS).At the goal level,very few of the SDGs are directly focusing on the ELSS and its physiology.Most of the SDG Targets focus on transformations in society and the built environment.Having targets that explicitly focus on the physiology of the ELSS would be important for sustainability.Most of the current indicator measure the built environment and the embedded social fabric.Sustainable development requires a functioning ELSS,and to ensure this,complementary indicators that bring environmental aspects to the monitoring of SDG targets are needed.

New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

全球教育治理的一次成功实践——对国际社会制定“2030教育议程”的回忆

联合国在2015年9月举行的历史性首脑会议上通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》。这一包括17项可持续发展目标(SDGs)和169项具体目标的纲领性文件旨在推动全球在以后的15年内实现三个史无前例的目标−消除极端贫困、战胜不平等与不公正、抑制气候变化。其中第4个目标(SDG4)是“确保包容和公平的优质教育,让全民终身享有学习机会”,这个目标及其涵盖的7个具体目标与3个实施方式,被国际教育界称为“2030教育议程”。联合国及其专门机构在2012年至2015年期间,就2015年后的可持续发展议程组织了堪称联合国历史上最为复杂的一次集体磋商。笔者作为联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)负责教育的助理总干事亲身参与并主导了“可持续发展目标4(教育)”的全球磋商,最终在所有利益攸关方的共同努力下达成了共识,其过程堪称制定国际规则的教科书式的典型案例,也可以说是全球教育治理的一次成功实践。本文介绍了国际社会制定这个全球教育发展目标的来龙去脉,记述了磋商过程中各利益攸关方在台前幕后的博弈与妥协。希望这些史料帮助我国教育界对“2030教育议程”有较全面的理解,对全球教育治理体系运作方式有进一步的认识。

妇女无酬照料问题的中国经验与思考——兼论联合国2030年可持续发展议程的落实

传统性别模式下承担家庭照料责任被视为妇女应尽之责,无酬照料也被研究者称为性别不平等中最隐秘、最不易被发觉的一环。从无到有,逐渐被认可,无酬照料经历了漫长的规范化之路。2015年妇女无酬照料问题被纳入联合国2030年可持续发展议程,标志着解决无酬照料问题已成为新的国际共识。如今议程执行即将过半,中国结合国际国内的战略机遇积极落实议程,为解决妇女无酬照料问题积累了宝贵的中国经验。鉴于无酬照料与众多可持续发展目标之间的深层关联,一些新的落实方向也据此展开。

2030年可持续发展议程对全球及中国环境治理的影响

《2030年可持续发展议程》已经形成了社会、经济与环境三大支柱的格局。根据进程追踪的方法,本文通过回顾环境进入《2030年可持续发展议程》目标的过程,着重分析环境目标未来15年将对全球与中国环境治理产生的重要影响。在全球环境治理层面的基本结论是:1全球环境治理体系的重要性将显著上升。2新型伙伴关系将强化环境非政府组织与市民社会的作用。3未来全球环境治理将形成以数据和指标为驱动的特点。4联合国系统内环境机构的作用将进一步强化,联合国环境署的发展受到关注。5环境与气候变化中的资金融资与技术转让渠道将进一步多元化。6气候变化问题与其他环境问题将在全球和国家层面深度融合。对中国环境治理的积极影响,体现在:1《2030年可持续发展议程》将为中国经济的转型升级和可持续发展提供新的强大动力,并形成倒逼机制;2将显著提升中国公众的环保意识;3为中国在全球治理中发挥关键性作用提供了难得的着力点;4将使中国的区域合作更加"绿色化"。当然,在新常态的经济形势下,全球可持续发展的环境目标也使得中国环境治理的压力与责任不断增加。同时,《2030年可持续发展议程》也存在一系列问题与不足之处:1目标过多且模糊不清,实现难度大。2当前所罗列的一些目标间可能包含潜在的冲突,需要进一步的研究与论证。3环境目标缺乏量化的标准。尽管如此,就环境目标而言,《2030年可持续发展议程》比千年发展目标更加综合、全面和系统,是当今国际社会应对环境问题集体努力的成果,必须高度重视与研究。

中国参与2030年可持续发展议程的战略思考

2015年联合国发展峰会通过了"2030年可持续发展议程",这是一幅由全世界所有国家共同描绘的未来发展蓝图。联合国制定该议程的内在原因有两个,一是为了完成千年发展目标的未竟事业,二是为了汇聚国际社会力量共同应对新的全球性挑战。"2030年可持续发展议程"将重塑当今的全球可持续发展治理体系,为发展中国家深入参与全球可持续发展治理提供了机遇,也有利于全球可持续发展走出"气候变化泥潭"。但是,该议程也存在不足,主要体现在一些可持续发展目标相互重复和难以量化、没有对不同类型国家给出建议、以及里约原则被弱化等。"2030年可持续发展议程"对中国未来发展既是机遇也是挑战。机遇主要体现在有利于中国在可持续发展领域开展对外合作和"一带一路"战略的实施,挑战主要体现在中国将面临来自国际社会的"三重压力"。面向未来,中国应在坚持发展中国家的基本定位下,积极、主动参与相关进程。从对内看,应在该议程框架下根据中国的国情制定"2030年中国可持续发展议程",并建立有利于产业界、地方政府、民间团体等参与的机制,在实现议程中创造新的经济增长点和就业机会;从对外看,应在坚持"力所能及、互惠互利"原则下,积极开展国际发展合作和发展援助,为其他发展中国家实现该议程做出中国贡献。

中国建立落实2030年可持续发展议程创新示范区的战略思考

2016年12月,国务院发布《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程创新示范区建设方案》,引起了国内外的广泛关注,成为当前中国推进可持续发展的标志性事件。本文介绍了该方案的制定过程及其重要意义,对方案的主要内容进行了解析,并提出了近期应围绕创新示范区建设开展的几项重点工作。文章认为,建立落实2030年可持续发展议程创新示范区是中国顺应全球可持续发展趋势的必然选择,是解决国内可持续发展主要问题的迫切需要,是回应国际社会期待的客观要求。文章提出,在建设落实2030年可持续发展议程创新示范区时关键要把握好四个原则:(1)勇于突破GDP导向的传统发展思维,真正以可持续发展的理念推动地方发展;(2)从制约地方可持续发展的瓶颈问题入手,通过制度、科技等各方面的改革和创新,形成成熟有效的系统性解决方案;(3)调动社会各界的积极性,形成政府引导、市场配置资源、各利益攸关方共同参与的机制;(4)主动分享系统性解决方案和实践经验,为全球可持续发展做出中国贡献。文章最后提出,面向未来,建设中国落实2030年可持续发展议程创新示范区要做好四个衔接:(1)加强与国家可持续发展实验区工作的衔接,形成互为支撑的布局体系;(2)加强与"绿色技术银行"工作的衔接,促进先进适用技术落地生根;(3)加强与国家科技计划的衔接,促进创新能力的提升;(4)加强与各领域改革工作的衔接,形成综合创新示范的局面。

中国实现2030海洋可持续发展目标的趋势浅析

《2030年可持续发展议程》提出了海洋可持续发展目标,为今后15年全球海洋可持续发展提供了重要的行动纲领。为了评估可持续发展目标的实施,全球性监测指标框架正在制定中。本文以海洋可持续发展目标及其监测指标为框架,对中国实现2030海洋可持续发展目标的趋势和重点领域做了初步的分析,并提出相关建议。

2030年可持续发展议程与全球卫生治理的转型

随着诸多新型流行病的蔓延,全球卫生治理日益被安全化。但这一努力效果并没不明显,既未消除南北垂直落差,也未改变部门化的主导路径,其核心原因在于:治理施动者即世界卫生组织和国家权威下降,治理主体多元化发展;诸多治理机制相互嵌入,复杂性提升;安全化所构建的科学主义,缺乏信息和数据支撑。因此有必要通过去安全化,搭建完整的全球政策框架和自下而上的多层治理结构。联合国2030年可持续发展议程涵盖了全球卫生治理议程,也明确了全球卫生治理必须在可持续发展范式下开展,既要关注发展中国家的经济社会发展,也要关注城市化和气候变化等问题。中国作为发展中大国,在发展问题和卫生治理方面有着丰富的经验,应发挥更大的作用。

G20与2030年可持续发展议程的落实

G20已明确宣示,将为推动2030年议程后续落实贡献重大力量。考虑到2030年议程目标框架所提供的政策空间、议程后续落实所需的政治意愿及议程指标化治理方法的行为规范缺失,G20有重要的政策空间和潜力实现上述目标。通过积极推动2030年议程的后续落实,不仅可实现G20从应急机制向发展促进的长期机制转型,还可切实推动可持续发展目标的实现。要将G20建设成为2030年议程落实的核心力量,就应赋予其重要的协调功能并改革既有机制体制,主要包括:使作为整体的G20成为2030年议程后续落实与评估的典范,通过"榜样"作用推动2030年议程的后续落实;以G20发展工作组为核心机制,推动"共同但有区别的责任"原则升级到2.0版本,促进全球可持续发展伙伴关系的构建;通过强化与相关机构的沟通与协调,使G20成为2030年议程后续落实与评估的桥梁;提升对"后千年发展目标"及"被忽视的具体目标"的关注,使G20成为重拾议程指标制定过程中遗失目标的核心力量;积极支持发展中国家权利,确保2030年议程在后续落实过程中不偏向、不跑题;等等。

“一带一路”倡议与2030年可持续发展议程的对接

联合国2030年可持续发展议程的启动,为中国深入实施"一带一路"倡议,尤其是推动建立平等均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系提供了重要机遇。"一带一路"倡议与2030年议程理念相通、目标一致,相互对接有助于中国与沿线国家增信释疑,增强"一带一路"倡议的国际吸引力,提升中国参与南南合作的水平,帮助中国在新的国际发展治理体系乃至整个全球治理架构中获得更多话语权和影响力。同时,两者的对接也有利于形成对中国企业落实可持续发展理念的外部约束,促使中国企业履行好社会责任。当前,"一带一路"倡议对接2030年议程面临着落实时间差、理念与议题契合、非国家行为体作用、与西方大国协调合作、地缘政治风险等一系列挑战,中国需在战略理念、合作政策、落实平台、具体目标等层次明确对接方向,认真设计对接方案,积极参与全球可持续发展监测指标设计和后续评估体系建设。