AAV-mediated expression of p65shRNA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 synergistically enhances chondrocyte regeneration

BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.

The Effect of Simvastatin on mRNA Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1,Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tooth Extraction Socket

Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.

Chondrogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 in a normal healthy impacted third molar

The periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cell is regarded as a source of adult stem cells due to its multipotency.However, the proof of chondrogenic potential of the cells is scarce.Therefore,we investigated the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of periodontal ligament derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by transforming growth factor(TGF)-p3 and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-6.After isolation of periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) from human periodontal ligament,the cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM) with 20%fetal bovine serum(FBS).A mechanical force initiated chondrogenic differentiation of the cells.For chondrogenic differentiation,10μg·LTGF-β3 or 100μg·LBMP-6 and the combination treating group for synergistic effect of the growth factors.We analyzed the PDLSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chondrogenesis were evaluated by glycosaminoglycans assay,histology,immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis.PDLSCs showed mesenchymal stem cell properties proved by FACS analysis.Glycosaminoglycans contents were increased 217%by TGF-β3 and 220%by BMP-6. The synergetic effect of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 were shown up to 281%compared to control.The combination treatment increased Sox9, aggrecan and collagen II expression compared with not only controls,but also TGF-P3 or BMP-6 single treatment dramatically.The histological analysis also indicated the chondrogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in our conditions.The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of the dental stem cell as a valuable cell source for chondrogenesis,which may be applicable for regeneration of cartilage and bone fracture in the field of cell therapy.

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 and transforming growth factor-beta1 mechanisms in acute valvular response to supra-physiologic hemodynamic stresses

AIM:To explore ex vivo the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4(BMP-4) and transforming growth factorbeta1(TGF-β1) in acute valvular response to fluid shear stress(FSS) abnormalities.METHODS:Porcine valve leaflets were subjected ex vivo to physiologic FSS,supra-physiologic FSS magnitude at normal frequency and supra-physiologic FSS frequency at normal magnitude for 48 h in a double-sided cone-and-plate bioreactor filled with standard culture medium. The role of BMP-4 and TGF-β1 in the valvular response was investigated by promoting or inhibiting the downstream action of those cytokines via culture medium supplementation with BMP-4 or the BMP antagonist noggin,and TGF-β1 or the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB-431542,respectively. Fresh porcine leaflets were used as controls. Each experimental group consisted of six leaflet samples. Immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed to assess endothelial activation in terms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressions,paracrine signaling in terms of BMP-4 and TGF-β1 expressions and extracellular matrix(ECM) remodeling in terms of cathepsin L,cathepsin S,metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions. Immunostained images were quantified by normalizing the intensities of positively stained regions by the number of cells in each image while immunoblots were quantified by densitometry. R E S U LT S :Regardless of the culture medium,physiologic FSS maintained valvular homeostasis. Tissue exposure to supra-physiologic FSS magnitude in standard medium stimulated paracrine signaling(TGF-β1:467% ± 22% vs 100% ± 6% in freshcontrols,BMP-4:258% ± 22% vs 100% ± 4% in fresh controls; P < 0.05) and ECM degradation(MMP-2:941% ± 90% vs 100% ± 19% in fresh controls,MMP-9:1219% ± 190% vs 100% ± 16% in fresh controls,cathepsin L:1187% ± 175% vs 100% ± 12% in fresh controls,cathepsin S:603% ± 88% vs 100% ± 13% in fresh controls; P < 0.05),while BMP-4 supplementation also promoted fibrosa activation and TGF-β1 inhibition reduced MMP-9 expression to the native tissue level(MMP-9:308% ± 153% with TGF-β1 inhibition vs 100% ± 16% in fresh control; P > 0.05). Supra-physiologic FSS frequency had no effect on endothelial activation and paracrine signaling regardless of the culture medium but TGF-β1 silencing attenuated FSS-induced ECM degradation via MMP-9 downregulation(MMP-9:302% ± 182% vs 100% ± 42% in fresh controls; P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Valvular tissue is sensitive to FSS abnormalities. The TGF-β1 inhibitor SB-431542 is a potential candidate molecule for attenuating the effects of FSS abnormalities on valvular remodeling.

Effect of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic proteins on rat hepatic stellate cell proliferation and transdifferentiation

AIM: To explore different roles of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)in hepatic stellate cell proliferation and trans-differentiation.METHODS: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Sub-cultured hepatic stellate cells were employed for cell proliferation assay with WST-1 reagent and Western blot analysis with antibody against smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA).RESULTS: The results indicated that TGF-β1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation at concentration as low as 0.1 ng/ml, but both BMP-2 and BMP-4 did not affect cell proliferation at concentration as high as 10 ng/ml. The effect on hepatic stellate cell trans-differentiation was similar between TGFβ1 and BMPs. However, BMPs was more potent at transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells than TGF-β1. In addition, we observed that TGF-β1 transient reduced the abundance of SMA in hepatic stellate cells.CONCLUSION: TGF-β may be more important in regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation while BMPs may be the major cytokines regulating hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of transforming growth factor－β and bone morphogenetic protein in salivary gland tumors

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)were related to embryonic development and the differentiation of many types of cells. Recent studies showed that they might play an important role in regulating the differentiation o

EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β AND RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2 ON HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS

Objective To evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs). Methods HPDLFs were done primary culture to detect the distinct concentrations of TGF-P and rhBMF2 on its proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OC) synthesis and formation of the minerali-zed nodules, respectively. Results TGF-β (5～100ng/ml) significantly stimulated the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity of HPDLFs was evaluated evidently by 5ng/ml TGF-β. TGF-β( 0. 5 ～ 100ng/ml) had no effects on OC synthesis and formation of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs. rhBMP2 (0. 25～2mg/ ml) had no remarkable effect on the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity, OC synthesis and forma-tion of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs were significantly stimulated by 0. 5～ 2mg /ml rhBMP2. Conclusion The effects of TGF-β and rhBMP2 on HPDLFs are dose-dependent. TGF-P can stimulate HPDLFs to express the early marker of osteoblastic phenotype, and it lacks the ability to promote maturation of the osteogenic phenotype. rhBMP2 can not only stimulate the expression but also promote the maturation of osteoblas-tic phenotype of HPDLFs.

Bone morphogenetic protein-6 suppresses TGF-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium

AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line(ARPE-19)were randomly divided into control,TGF-β_(2)(5μg/L),and BMP-6 small interfering RNA(siRNA)group.The cell morphology was observed by microscopy,and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber.The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group,TGF-β_(2)+empty plasmid group,BMP-6 overexpression group,and TGF-β_(2)+BMP-6 overexpression group.The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)protein levels were detected.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β_(2) group was significantly enhanced.TGF-β_(2) increased the protein expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6(P<0.05)in RPE.Similarly,the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced.BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels ofα-SMA,fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin(P<0.05).Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2) and prevented TGF-β_(2) from affecting EMT-related biomarkers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2),which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Neuron-like differentiation of adult rat bone marrow stromal cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） and brain- derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） can induce stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the efficacy of TGF-β and BDNF at inducing the differentiation of adult rat bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） into neuron-like cells, both in combination or alone. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A comparative observation experiment was performed at the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University between October 2007 and January 2008. MATERIALS： TGF-~ and BDNF were purchased from Sigma, USA; mouse anti-rat neuron specific enolase, neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein were purchased from Beijing HMHL Biochem Ltd., China. METHODS： BMSCs were isolated from rats aged 4 weeks and incubated with TGF-β（1μ g/L） and/or BDNF （50 μ g/mL）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein were determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS： BMSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells following induction of TGF-β and BDNF, and expressed both neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament. The percent of positive cells was significantly greater in the combination group than those induced with TGF-β or BDNF alone （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Treatment of BMSCs with a combination of TGF-β and BDNF induced differentiation into neuron-like cells, with the induction being significantly greater than with TGF-β or BDNF alone.

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 represses hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a refractory disease whose persistence can eventually induce cirrhosis or even liver cancer.Early liver fibrosis is reversible by intervention.As a member of the transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)superfamily,bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP7)has anti-liver fibrosis functions.However,little is known about BMP7 expression changes and its potential regulatory mechanism as well as the relationship between BMP7 and TGF-βduring liver fibrosis.In addition,the mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7 needs to be further explored.AIM To investigate changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis,interactions between BMP7 and TGF-β1,and possible mechanisms underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7.METHODS Changes in BMP7 expression during liver fibrosis and the interaction between BMP7 and TGF-β1 in mice were observed.Exogenous BMP7 was used to treat mouse primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)to observe its effect on activation,migration,and proliferation of HSCs and explore the possible mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7.Mice with liver fibrosis received exogenous BMP7 intervention to observe improvement of liver fibrosis by using Masson’s trichrome staining and detecting the expression of the HSC activation indicator alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and the collagen formation associated protein type I collagen(Col I).Changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis in the human body were further observed.RESULTS In the process of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)in mice,BMP7 protein expression first increased,followed by a decrease;there was a similar trend in the human body.This process was accompanied by a sustained increase in TGF-β1 protein expression.In vitro experiment results showed that TGF-β1 inhibited BMP7 expression in a time-and dose-dependent manner.In contrast,high doses of exogenous BMP7 inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation,migration,and proliferation of HSCs;this inhibitory effect was associated with upregulation of pSmad1/5/8 and downregulation of phosphorylation of Smad3 and p38 by BMP7.In vivo experiment results showed that exogenous BMP7 improved liver fibrosis in mice.CONCLUSION During liver fibrosis,BMP7 protein expression first increases and then decreases.This changing trend is associated with inhibition of BMP7 expression by sustained upregulation of TGF-β1 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Exogenous BMP7 could selectively regulate TGF-β/Smad pathway-associated factors to inhibit activation,migration,and proliferation of HSCs and exert antiliver fibrosis functions.Exogenous BMP7 has the potential to be used as an antiliver fibrosis drug.

Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on Gremlin and bone morphogenetic protein-7 expression in hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To observe the effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule (DHC) on the expression of Gremlin and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in the liver of hepatic fibrosis rats.

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes transforming growth factor β3-induced chondrogenesis of human osteoarthritic synovium-derived stem cells

Background Synovium-derived stem cells （SDSCs） with higher chondrogenic potential are attracting considerable attention as a cell source for cartilage regeneration. We investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP-2） on transforming growth factor beta3 （TGF-β3）-induced chondrogenesis of SDSCs isolated from human osteoarthritic synovium in a pellet culture system. Methods The clonogenicity, stem cell marker expression and multi-differentiation potential of isolated SDSCs were determined by colony forming unit assay, flow cytometry and specific staining including alizarin red S, Oil red O and alcian blue staining, respectively. SDSCs pellet was cultured in chondrogenic medium with or without TGF-β3 or/and BMP-2. At day 21, the diameter and the weight of the pellets were measured. Chondrogenic differentiation of SDSCs was evaluated by Safranin O staining, immunohistochemical staining of collagen type Ⅱ, sulfated glycosaminoglycan （sGAG） synthesis and mRNA expression of collagen type Ⅱ, aggrecan, SOX9, link-protein, collagen type X and BMP receptor Ⅱ. Results Cells isolated under the optimized culturing density （104/60 cm2） showed clonogenicity and multi-differentiation potential. These cells were positive （〉99%） for CD44, CD90, CD105 and negative （〈10%） for CD34 and CD71. SDSCs differentiated to a chondrocytic phenotype in chondrogenic medium containing TGF-β3 with or without BMP-2. Safranin O staining of the extracellular matrix was positive and the expression of collagen type Ⅱ was detected. Cell pellets treated with TGF-β3 and BMP-2 were larger in diameter and weight, produced more sGAGs, and expressed higher levels of collagen type Ⅱ and other chondrogenic markers, except COL10A1, than medium with TGF-β3 alone. Conclusions SDSCs could be isolated from human osteoarthritic synovium. Supplementation with BMP-2 significantly promoted the in vitro TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of SDSCs.

Construction and expression of a bicistronic vector containing human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-165 genes in vitro

It has been well documented that bone morphogenetic .proteins （BMPs）, a group of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-β （TGFβ） superfamily, can induce bone formation, both in vivo and in vitro. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP2） is a potent osteoinductive factor and is being evaluated as a bone growth inducer for orthopedic applications.1 Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, the best-characterized angiogenic factor,

Growth differentiation factor 5:a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective potential in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide,affecting over 6 million people.It is an age-related disease,occurring in 1%of people over the age of 60,and 3%of the population over 80 years.The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra,and their axons,which innervate the striatum,resulting in the characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.This is paralleled by the intracellular accumulation ofα-synuclein in several regions of the nervous system.Current therapies are solely symptomatic and do not stop or slow disease progression.One promising disease-modifying strategy to arrest the loss of dopaminergic neurons is the targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors to the substantia nigra or striatum,to protect the remaining dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway.However,clinical trials of two well-established neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have failed to meet their primary end-points.This failure is thought to be at least partly due to the downregulation byα-synuclein of Ret,the common co-receptor of glial cell line-derived neurorophic factor and neurturin.Growth/differentiation factor 5 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family of neurotrophic factors,that signals through the Ret-independent canonical Smad signaling pathway.Here,we review the evidence for the neurotrophic potential of growth/differentiation factor 5 in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.We discuss new work on growth/differentiation factor 5’s mechanisms of action,as well as data showing that viral delivery of growth/differentiation factor 5 to the substantia nigra is neuroprotective in theα-synuclein rat model of Parkinson’s disease.These data highlight the potential for growth/differentiation factor 5 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

miR-30d-5p对转化生长因子-β1诱导肾小管上皮细胞生长及迁移的影响

目的 miR-30d-5p是否影响转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞生长及迁移尚不清楚。文中旨在研究miR-30d-5p对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞生长和迁移的影响及机制。方法 TGF-β1处理肾小管上皮细胞HK-2,分为:空白组(未经任何处理)、TGF-β1组、miR-NC组(转染miR-30d-5p阴性对照miR-NC)、miR-30d-5p组(转染miR-30d-5p)、anti-miR-NC组(转染anti-miR-30d-5p阴性对照anti-miR-NC)、anti-miR-30d-5p组(转染anti-miR-30d-5p)、miR-30d-5p+pcDNA3.1组(转染miR-30d-5p与pcDNA3.1-BMP7阴性对照pcDNA3.1)、miR-30d-5p+pcDNA3.1-BMP7组(转染miR-30d-5p与pcDNA3.1-BMP7)、anti-miR-30d-5p+si-NC组(转染anti-miR-30d-5p与si-BMP7阴性对照si-NC)、anti-miR-30d-5p+si-BMP7组(转染anti-miR-30d-5p与si-BMP7)。除空白组外,其他各组经TGF-β1处理。qPCR检测miR-30d-5p的表达,Western blot检测P21和E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)蛋白表达, MTT检测细胞活性,Transwell检测细胞迁移,观察过表达miR-30d-5p或抑制miR-30d-5p对TGF-β1诱导肾小管上皮细胞的细胞活性及迁移的影响。生物信息学预测和双荧光素酶报告实验分析miR-30d-5p与骨形态发生蛋白7(BMP7)的靶向关系。评估其在TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞细胞活性及迁移中的作用。结果 TGF-β1组肾小管上皮细胞的miR-30d-5p表达、生长率和迁移细胞数较空白组明显升高(P<0.05),P21和E-cadherin蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。miR-30d-5p组肾小管上皮细胞miR-30d-5p表达、生长率和迁移细胞数较miR-NC组明显增加(P<0.05),P21和E-cadherin蛋白表达显著减少(P<0.05)。与anti-miR-NC组比较, anti-miR-30d-5p组肾小管上皮细胞的miR-30d-5p表达、生长率和迁移细胞数明显降低(P<0.05),P21和E-cadherin蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与miR-NC组比较,miR-30d-5p组WT-BMP7荧光素酶的活性、BMP7 mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与anti-miR-NC组比较,anti-miR-30d-5p组的BMP7 mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05)。anti-miR-30d-5p+si-BMP7组肾小管上皮细胞的BMP7、P21和E-cadherin蛋白水平[(0.21±0.03)、(0.29±0.03)、(0.37±0.04)]较anti-miR-30d-5p+si-NC组[(0.71±0.05)、(0.53±0.04)、(0.63±0.05)]明显降低(P<0.05),生长率和迁移细胞数显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 miR-30d-5p通过靶向调控BMP7的表达促进TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞生长及迁移,为肾间质纤维化的机制研究提供了指导意义。

骨形成蛋白15基因的研究进展

骨形成蛋白是属于转移生长因子 β超家族生长因子的一种分泌型信号分子。迄今为止,已有30多个骨形成蛋白被确定,骨形成蛋白15基因在卵母细胞中表达,具有推动卵泡生长,阻止黄体早熟的作用。本文综述了骨形成蛋白15基因的研究现状。

生长分化因子-5对大鼠关节软骨细胞生长代谢的影响

目的:观察生长分化因子-5对成熟软骨细胞生长代谢的影响。方法:分离和培养大鼠关节软骨细胞成功后,将细胞分为5组,在各组培养液中分别添加浓度为0 ng.mL-1、1 ng.mL-1、10 ng.mL-1、100 ng.mL-1、1 000 ng.mL-1的生长分化因子-5,采用倒置显微镜观察、MTT比色、阿辛蓝染色、逆转录聚合酶链式反应、胶原免疫荧光染色检测软骨细胞增殖、蛋白多糖合成、Ⅱ型胶原合成及胶原表型变化。结果:①倒置显微镜下观察:经生长分化因子-5培养的软骨细胞生长活跃,细胞数量增加,对数生长期提前。②MTT比色和阿辛蓝染色:吸光度值比较,各组间差异有统计学意义(F=368.032,P=0.001;F=240.048,P=0.008);生长分化因子-5浓度越高,MTT比色和阿辛蓝染色的吸光度值越大。③逆转录聚合酶链式反应电泳:随GDF-5浓度的增加,各组443 bp带亮度变化不大,而268 bp带亮度变化越来越明显。④免疫荧光染色:软骨细胞在含100 ng.mL-1GDF-5的培养液中培养21 d后,只表达Ⅱ型胶原,而不表达Ⅰ、Ⅹ型胶原。结论:生长分化因子-5可刺激成熟软骨细胞的增殖,促进蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原的合成,并能维持软骨细胞的生物学特性。

人牙乳头细胞内Smad5蛋白表达的免疫组化研究

目的 :观察Smad5蛋白在体外原代培养的人牙乳头细胞内的表达及其在转化生长因子 - β超家族信号转导中的作用。方法 :原代培养的人牙乳头细胞 ,分别以骨形成蛋白 - 2 (bonemorphogeneticprotein -2 ,BMP - 2 )和转化生长因子 - β1(transforminggrowthfactor- β1,TGF - β1)刺激 ,免疫组化检测Smad5的表达 ,图像分析仪半定量。结果 :人牙乳头细胞 (空白对照组 )胞浆内可见Smad5阳性表达 ,胞核内未见阳性表达 ;BMP- 2实验组胞核内Smad5强阳性表达 ,胞浆内为弱阳性表达 ;TGF - β1实验组细胞胞浆Smad5阳性 ,胞核未见表达。结论 :人牙乳头细胞内存在Smad5的表达 ,Smad5能转导BMP - 2信号至核内发挥作用 ,但不能转导TGF -β1信号 ,提示BMP - 2在牙齿发育过程中信号传递可能是通过Smad5的信号转导途径实现的。

TGF-β、BMP-2及miR-672-5p与激素性股骨头坏死的关系分析

目的探究转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)及miR-672-5p水平与激素性股骨头坏死(SANFH)的关系。方法分析2018年6月至2021年1月期间于南方医科大学南方医院行各项检查的77例疑似SANFH受检者临床资料,根据临床诊断结果分为确诊组52例与未确诊组25例,比较两组TGF-β、BMP-2、miR-672-5p表达水平,分析上述指标对SANFH的诊断效能。根据股骨头坏死程度分期将确诊组分为轻中度组32例与重度组20例,比较两组TGF-β、BMP-2、miR-672-5p水平,分析上述指标对股骨头坏死程度的评估效能。结果确诊组TGF-β、BMP-2水低于未确诊组,miR-672-5p水平高于未确诊组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TGF-β、BMP-2、miR-672-5p诊断SANFH的曲线AUC为0.858、0.918、0.904,诊断效能良好(P<0.05)。重度组TGF-β、BMP-2水平低于轻中度组,miR-672-5p水平高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TGF-β、BMP-2、miR-672-5p评估股骨头坏死程度的曲线AUC为0.769、0.826、0.775,诊断效能良好(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β、BMP-2、miR-672-5p表达水平与SANFH患者股骨头坏死程度具有显著相关性,用于SANFH诊断、病情程度评估均可表现出良好效能。

Transforming growth factor β1 is a differentially expressed candidate protein of congestive heart failure with Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of tongue coating fluid protein in regulation of congestive heart failure(CHF) in Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome.METHODS: We studied patients with CHF(3 patients with Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome and 3 without Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome) to investigate differentially expressed proteins. We also included a control group. A biotin label-based antibody array was used for testing tongue coating fluid samples from patients. Net-work analysis of these differentially expressed proteins was conducted using the STRING database,which can predict the relations between differentially expressed proteins and CHF with Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome.RESULTS: A total of seven differentially expressed proteins were identified, and among these, transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) gets a particular attention for us has drawn specific attention.Network analysis showed a homologous relationship of TGF-β1 with bone morphogenetic protein15, which is associated with myocardial fibrosis.CONCLUSION: Occurrence and development of CHF may result from certain DE-proteins and associated signaling pathways. TGF-β1 protein may be a candidate marker for assessing the risk of CHF in Qideficiency-blood-stasis syndrome.