Driving Analysis on Ecological Security in Vulnerable Transition Areas of Mountain and Plain

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the driving mechanism of eco- logical security in vulnerable areas in mountain and plain. [Method] The ecological security evaluation index system of Lincheng County was established using PSR model. Driving mechanism was analyzed in total system and subsystems respectively by the principal components. The ecological safety driving factor was calculated through the total system and subsystem respectively. And the intersection was adopt- ed as dominant driving factor. [Result] A total of 10 indices including density index of rivers, land degradation index, farmland drought and flood insurance yield, human in- terference index, population density, the natural population growth rate, per capita GDP, the R＆D funds spending accounts for the proportion of GDP, laborer by edu- cation degree and three industry accounted for the proportion of GDP, are the domi- nant driving factors of the regional ecological security. [Conclusion] This study will pro- vide reasonable and feasible advice for the benign development of the area.

Application of a New Qeneration of Geophonesto Improve Seismic Acquisitionin Onshore-offshore Transition Areas

In this paper, we review the differences between velocity geophones （VG） and acceleration geophones （AG） and their effect on seismic signals acquired in onshore-offshore transition areas. We present a new generation of Land Piezoelectric Geophone （LPG） and analyze its performance. Our field experiments demonstrate that our new LPG can be used to substitute for VGs in order to eliminate phase, frequency and energy differences between different geophone systems commonlv used in transition areas.

Application of Variable Strategies in the Low-cost and Energy-saving Rural Residences in Transitional Areas

Changeful and complex rural family structure and climatic features of transitional areas in China make the application of variable strategy in energy-saving rural residence designs possible.Aiming at the low cost,several effective and reasonable variable strategies were proposed for the design of interior spaces,main bedroom,sunshine room,staircase,west wall,door and window design to satisfy changing structure of a family during different periods and their different thermo-technical requirements in winter and summer.In this way,thermal comfort of rural indoor spaces will be improved,more energy saved,useful experience and thoughts provided for the energy-saving residence design in cold regions and regions hot in summer and cold in winter.

A Study on Law of Change of Real Contact Area of Friction during Transition Process

Mechanism of frictional vibration and the difference of kinctic-static friction is an open question. Research shows that the change of real area of contact during transition process of friction results in the phenomena mentioned above. In substance, the F-Vr, descent and F-T ascent characters are caused by A-Vr, and A-T characters respectively. Based on ultrasonic experiment the mechanism of the phenomena is explained and the frictional formulas using the parameter-real area of contact are given in this article.

Modeling and Analysis of Transitional Tube with Constant Sectional Area along Derivative Central Route

Firstly, sample square-circular transition tube along straight central route was modeled on CATIA software. The parameters are as follows： let the tube length is L, and the constant cross section area is S, and S = πR^2 = a2, in which R stands for the circle radius on one end, and a the square side length on the other end; set up the coordinate system with OX axis on the central route in which the origin O is on centroid of the square end and assume the cross section size at x as the square shaped with all four comers filleted in radius r which is proportional to x, that is, the linear slope of r is R/L, thus, both values r and square side length ax can be attained on the constant cross section area assumption. Secondly, some sample polygonal-circular transition tubes along straight, circular and helical central route were implemented similarly. Thirdly, numerical analysis of stress and displacement of these tubes were carried out on MSC/PATRAN software which are important to the distribution of turbulent flow and the layout of these transitional tube structures.

THE POSSIBILITIES AND REALITIES ON THE REMANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFIED LANDS IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE BETWEEN THE DRY-FARMING AREA AND THE GRAZING AREA IN NORTH CHINA

The desertification process is rapidly developing at present and 61.5% of the land area in the zone are already desertified.Among the desertified lands, 26.9% are seriously desertified, 25% most seriously desertified and 47.4% are the lands where desertification is under way. They are caused by over-reclamation for farming, over-grazing, unreasonable collection of firewood,the destruction of vegetation and the misuse of water resources. Under the ecological environment in semi-arid zone,the degraded environment process possesses the ability of restoring to its original status as soon as the interruption of excessive human activities are eliminated. The fencing- and-self-cultivating method is an effective measure adopted universally in semi-arid zone to cure the desertified lands.The desertified lands can be readjusted and controlled easily if other controlling measures are supplemented. The fundamental ways to control desertification are to utilize rationally the resources, to readjust the existing

紧邻在建城市轨道交通特别保护区开口基坑支护实践

基坑北侧距离济南市在建城市轨道交通R2线特别保护区仅1.9 m,特别保护区内严禁支护结构进入,务必在该有限的空间内实现支护桩和止水桩的布置,因此济南市常规的桩锚支护体系难以应用。基坑南侧为先开挖到底的居住地块基坑,因其邻近本基坑侧采用放坡支护,导致本基坑在南侧形成开口,难以满足支撑支点设置要求。通过在居住地块侧设置专门的支撑传力结构作为支座,在解决支撑支点设置问题的同时还增加了地下室的实际使用面积,使本基坑成为R2线特别保护区边首个采用钢管支撑的地下2层深基坑,在确保基坑本身安全的同时,满足了R2线的建设控制要求。

Study on Sustainable Development in Vulnerable Eco-areas

The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment---economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.

轨交站域建成环境评测研究的方向、指标与趋势

建成环境评测是轨交站域城市更新的前提,在新的实践和技术背景下,总结该领域的进展和趋势具有指导意义。从环境行为、指标评价两个方向归纳了轨交站域建成环境评测研究的创新发展与前沿;通过梳理近三十年来的主要文献,探讨了轨交站域建成环境评测指标演进的4个阶段及其特征;最后总结得出认知与评价角度的多元化拓展、评测指标的人本导向与适应性、学科交叉与评测方法的综合化三个方面的研究趋势。

内养护机制对再生混凝土材料宏、细观力学性能的影响研究

再生混凝土作为绿色生态混凝土,其在生态水利工程中的应用较为广泛。为提高其力学性能和耐久性,采用内养护方式将再生骨料预处理至干燥、半饱和、饱和状态,分别以50%、100%的取代率取代普通混凝土,并设置干燥状态的普通混凝土作为对照组,分析了不同取代率下含水量对再生混凝土宏细观性能的影响并对各参数进行相关性分析,通过建立再生骨料吸水、解吸模型从细观尺度诠释内养护作用机理。研究结果表明,同等取代率下,养护90 d时抗压强度较优异的是含水率50%的再生混凝土组。取代率增大,孔隙增多,养护90 d时,R50P、R100P的孔隙率比7 d时分别降低14.2%、10.3%,说明含水率50%的再生骨料能一定程度上改善孔隙和界面过渡区结构;骨料吸水、解吸过程中发挥的内养护作用机制是再生混凝土后期强度持续增长的主要原因。

软土地区轨道交通桥梁下方灌注桩小净距施工影响

[目的]我国沿海软土地区灌注桩与运营轨道交通桥梁、桥墩间小净距的施工影响正成为制约城市轨道交通规划与建设的又一瓶颈因素,因此有必要研究小净距钻孔灌注桩施工对周围地层和桥墩的变形影响。[方法]以浙江某城市道路桩板结构形式下穿轨道交通桥梁在建工程为例,通过设计土体侧向变形监测试验和搭建既有桥梁、桥墩的位移智能监测系统,分析了深厚软土区地层与测斜孔的协同变形特性,以及钻孔灌注桩施工对周围地层及桥墩变形的影响规律。[结果及结论]为使测斜孔与地层具有较好的协同变形,软土区测斜孔施工后应稳定停留6 d;淤泥层对施工加载、卸载过程的敏感性较高,由施工引发的软土地层变形量最大;在施工条件下,桥墩3个方向的变形幅值约为未施工的2~3倍;成孔开挖和混凝土浇筑工序对桥墩深度方向的扰动影响较显著,因此已运营轨道交通桥梁下部施工的监测重点应为竖向位移。

Seawater Intrusion in the Longkou-Laizhou Area, Shandong

The extensive intrusion （covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km;and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain）, the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district.

Ar-Ar Dating on the Metallogenesis of the Dongchuang Gold Deposit in the Xiaoqinling Area

The Dongchuang gold deposit in the Xiaoqinling area is an orogenic-type lodegold deposit. It is one of the few superlarge (>100 t Au) deposits in China. Although it has beenargued that it was formed in the Mesozoic, related isotopic age data have not been reported inprevious studies. Based on detailed geological study, the authors have carried out isotopic datingon various metallogenic generations. The ore-forming process of the Dongchuang gold deposit consistsof four stages: coarse-grained pyrite-bearing quartz veins (stage I), fine-grained pyrite-quartzveinlets (stage II), multi-sulfides (stage III) and carbonate-quartz veinlets (stage IV). Ar-Ardating on mineral separates of stages I, II and III yields plateau ages of 142.9 +- 2.9 Ma, 132.2 +-2.6 Ma and 128.3 +- 6.2 Ma, respectively. Sericite separates from stage II assemblage also yield anAr-Ar isochron age of 132.6 +- 2.7 Ma, similar to the Ar-Ar plateau age. These results suggest thatthe Dongchuang gold deposit was mainly formed during 143-128 Ma, coinciding with the authors'geological observations and previous hypothesis. This ore formation is coeval with theregional-tectonic transition from collisional compression to extension, strongly showing that thedecompression-geothermal increase regime during compression-to-extension transition is the mostconducive geodynamic environment to orogenic-type gold mineralization.

复杂山区桥址区地形模型的边界过渡段线型

复杂山区桥址区地形模型过渡段曲线直接影响到风洞试验或数值模拟结果的精确性,为探究桥址区地形模型边界过渡段所采用线型的合理形式,基于设置过渡段的2种思路,提出构造过渡段线型的基本原则;采用数值模拟方式对比研究3类典型过渡段线型在均匀来流流经时沿程气流分离特性、平均风速剖面、风攻角剖面及湍流动能沿程分布;分析过渡段斜率变化对流场的影响规律.研究结果表明:平方正弦曲线在气流分离特性终同位置最大剪应力差为3.77×10^(−3) Pa,风特性过渡性能上同高度最大风速差0.09 m/s,最大湍流动能差1.46×10^(−3) J,均优于其他线型,为桥址区地形模型过渡段线型选取提供了重要参考.

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

某高速公路深厚软基路桥过渡段跳车病害处治研究

结合某在役高速公路路堤深厚软基桥头跳车实测累计沉降量40.60 cm病害处治工程,开展室内土工试验、理论计算及GEO5模型计算分析。结果表明:15年内的累计剩余沉降量均超规范中桥头路基容许工后剩余沉降量不大于10.00 cm要求;提出“CFG桩+路面重铺”等处治方案,进行检算校核,计算得剩余总沉降量9.76cm,表明处治设计方案较为可靠。结合工点需保通及基底存在前期已施工CFG桩特点,制定通车条件下的施工顺序及工艺,确保方案可行。

空地一体遥感技术在轨道交通安全保护区巡查中的应用

随着城市轨道交通建设的不断发展,轨道交通沿线安全保护区巡查工作的范围越来越大,内容越来越多,区域内的情况越来越复杂。针对存在的问题,本文构建了一套空地一体的遥感综合监测体系,在巡查工作中引入航空摄影测量、低空无人机监测、车载全景扫描、定点实时监控等多种遥感监测技术及DSM差分计算、深度学习智能识别等多种数据处理技术,并以上海为例开展应用实践。结果表明,本文方法具有可行性,对建立全覆盖、高频次、智能化的巡查模式有参考借鉴价值。

城市轨道交通对容积率影响的定量分析——以东京为例

以东京为例研究城市轨道交通对容积率影响的定量关系,可为我国城市轨道交通站区土地资源的合理配置与优化利用提供指导依据。选取区位、建筑类型、到车站距离、地价作为影响地块容积率的因素,并构建了带交互项的线性回归模型进行分析。p值检验结果表明带交互项模型更适用。研究显示“到车站距离”对商业建筑容积率的影响大于居住建筑,商业建筑“核心区”与“到车站距离”间交互影响程度最大,居住建筑“市区”与“到车站距离”间交互影响程度大于郊区。研究结果为调整国内城市轨道交通站区商业建筑物布局,优化城市核心区轨道交通站点周边商业建筑物容积率及调控城市市区与郊区轨道交通站点周边居住建筑物差异化规划提供依据。

安徽铜陵桂花冲铜金矿床的成矿条件与找矿潜力

桂花冲矿床位于铜陵矿集区和繁昌火山岩盆地之间的过渡区,是长江中下游成矿带中新类型的铜金多金属矿床。矿体主要呈透镜状、脉状,分别赋存于桂山岩体与三叠系南陵湖组灰岩地层的接触带和远端碳酸盐地层裂隙中。文章通过记录野外地质工作及全岩地球化学特征,开展锆石U-Pb定年研究,发现矿区内青山岩体(花岗闪长斑岩)是成矿前岩体,桂山岩体(石英二长斑岩)是成矿岩体。对比铜陵—繁昌过渡区内姚家岭大型矿床研究发现,青山岩体与姚家岭早期岩体形成时代在140 Ma左右,青山岩体可能为姚家岭早期岩体延伸至桂花冲区域,后被推覆至地表;桂山岩体与姚家岭晚期岩体为成矿岩体,形成时代在138 Ma左右,两者可能在深部相连,是同一岩体的不同岩枝。综合桂花冲矿床控矿因素和成矿条件分析,探究该类矿床的成矿潜力和勘探方向,分析表明,在铜陵—繁昌过渡区的碳酸盐地层层间裂隙、褶皱滑脱区域、地层岩性显著变化位置以及形成时代在138 Ma左右的石英二长斑岩与黄龙组、栖霞组、孤峰组、大隆组、南陵湖组碳酸盐地层的接触带具有较好的找矿潜力。

Volume, Side-Area, and Force Direction of Berkovich and Cubecorner Indenters, Novel Important Insights

The iteration-free physical description of pyramidal indentations with closed mathematical equations is comprehensively described and extended for creating new insights in this important field of research and applications. All calculations are easily repeatable and should be programmed by instrument builders for even easier general use. Formulas for the volumes and side-areas of Berkovich and cubecorner as a function of depth are deduced and provided, as are the resulting forces and force directions. All of these allow for the detailed comparison of the different indenters on the mathematical reality. The pyramidal values differ remarkably from the ones of so-called “equivalent cones”. The worldwide use of such pseudo-cones is in severe error. The earlier claimed and used 3 times higher displaced volume with cube corner than with Berkovich is disproved. Both displace the same amount at the same applied force. The unprecedented mathematical results are experimentally confirmed for the physical indentation hardness and for the sharp-onset phase-transi- tions with calculated transition energy. The comparison of both indenters provides novel basic insights. Isotropic materials exhibit the same phase transition onset force, but the transition energy is larger with the cube corner, due to higher force and flatter force direction. This qualifies the cube corner for fracture toughness studies. Pile-up is not from the claimed “friction with the indenter”. Anisotropic materials with cleavage planes and channels undergo sliding along these under pressure, both to the surface and internally. Their volumes add to the depression volume. These volumes are essential for the exemplified pile-up management. Phase-transitions produce polymorph interfaces that are nucleation sites for cracks. Technical materials must be developed with onset forces higher than the highest thinkable stresses (at airliners, bridges, etc.). This requires urgent revision of ISO 14577-ASTM standards.