Order in Transitional China and Its Institutional Logic

The development of order in transitional China is not merely a matter of institutional supply, hut also a matter of defining the state＇s special roles and functions in the transition period. Since reform and opening up, China has sought to realize the twin governance aims of high speed development of the socialist economy and maintenance of stability, which require that the state simultaneously undertake the dual roles of modern government and national capital. The consequent adjustments to the governance structure are expressed in the state＇s devolution of power to the market while reserving government pricing power; devolution of power to local governments while reserving power over central tasks; and affirming social rights while reserving the power to approve social organizations. At the institutional level, the externalities produced by this ＂quasi-decentralized governance structure＂ are marked by the shrinkage of arrangements for collective welfare, the absence of mechanisms for routine security in ordinary life, and the development of mechanisms that allow the government to profit from the market. This may result in the instrumentalization of government functions and the capitalization of public power, producing imbalances in the distribution of social rights, wealth and risk, or in other words, social instability.

Response of Vegetation Cover to Climate Change and Influence of Dusty Weather in the Desertloess Transitional Zone of China

[Objective]This study aimed to analyze the relationships of the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(1981-2006)in the desert-loess transitional zone of China with precipitation and temperature.[Method]The average method and the correlation function were applied in this study.[Result]The results indicated that during the growing season NDVI was positively correlated with precipitation in the current month,last month and the month before last,especially the last month.NDVI mostly negatively correlated with temperature,especially the temperature in the last month,which shows that the higher temperature,the more adverse the conditions for vegetation growth.[Conclusion]NDVI from August to October clearly is one of the significant factors influencing dust storm weather in spring of the next year.

Thirty years of transition in China and Russia:a comparative analysis

As big countries both in transition,China and Russia share similarities in many respects.Due to different paths of reform,however,results of the two countries vary considerably.Approaching this issue from the different paths,the author conducts an in-depth comparative analysis of the two countries,including reform in agriculture,pricing,ownership and political system.Through this analysis we will have a clear understanding of gains and losses of China's reform,which is conducive to correctly assessing the situation we are facing and being aware of the direction of further reform.

Demand-Driven Innovation Value Transition of China’s Textile & Apparel Industry

The cold winter of 2010 seems not to demonstrate its power for textile and garment enterprises but implies a strong sense of warm spring with

On China＇s Economy： A Tentative Research from a Dual Visual Angle

Most economists approach the economy of China from a single visual angle considering it as a special economic modality of transition economy. Based on the analysis from the single visual angle, the paper puts forward a dual visual angle treating China＇s economy as one of both transition and transformation features, and attempts to research it from this dual visual angle.

Impacts of Recent Climate Change on Dry-Land Crop Water Consumption in the Northern Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone of China

Climate change has substantially impacted crop growth and development in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone. Examination of the response of crop water consumption to climate change may provide a guide for adapting local agricultural production and ecological construction to new realities. The water consumption of three local crops （wheat, naked oats, and potatoes） is examined for Wuchuan County in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone of China using meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 and soil moisture data from 1983 to 2007. The relationships between climate change and the crop water consumption are discussed. The results show that Wuchuan experienced both a warming trend and a reduction of precipitation between 1960 and 2007. The annual mean surface air temperature increased at a rate of 0.04℃ yr-1 and the annual precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.7 mm yr-1 . Both trends are particularly pronounced between 1983 and 2007, with an increase in annual mean temperature of 0.09℃ yr-1 and a decrease in annual mean precipitation of 2.1 mm yr-1 . Crop water consumption decreased between 1983 and 2007 for wheat （1.65 mm yr-1 ）, naked oats （2.04 mm yr-1 ）, and potatoes （3.85 mm yr-1 ）. Potatoes and naked oats consume more water than wheat. Climate change has significantly impacted crop water consumption. Water consumption and rainfall during the growing season are positively correlated, while water consumption and active accumulated temperature are negatively correlated. Compared to precipitation, accumulated temperature has little impact on crop water consumption. Recent climate change has been detrimental for crop production in Wuchuan County. Adaptation to climate change should include efforts to breed drought-resistant crops and to develop drought-resistant cultivation techniques.

Distribution patterns of SOC/TN content and their relationship with topography,vegetation and climatic factors in China’s north-south transitional zone

The spatial distributions and variation mechanism of key soil indices in the Qinling-Daba Mountains are important indicators for the identification of the transitional effect and regional characteristics of the north–south transitional zone in China.This manuscript analyzes the spatial variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)and corresponding relationships with major geographical factors based on spatial analysis and geostatistics considering data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey.The results indicate that the spatial distributions of the SOC and TN contents are consistent,and three high-content areas,one secondary high-content area and one low-content area are observed.High content values are located in the high-altitude regions of the Qinling-Daba Mountains and mountainous areas to the west of the Jialing River,the low-content area occurs on the north slope of the Qinling Mountains,and the secondary high-content area mainly encompasses both sides of the Hanjiang River and regions in the Qinling-Daba Mountains at altitudes below 1000 m.The SOC and TN contents vary between the above two ranges,with the gradual increase in content revealing a horn-shaped pattern.Considering the spatial variations and functions of vegetation,topography and climate factors,it is found that the SOC/TN range in the secondary high-content area remains consistent along the 1000 m contour line,the upper limit of the transitional mountain altitudinal belt,the 0℃isotherm line in January and the 24℃isotherm line in July.This region constitutes the main body of the transitional zone between the subtropical and warm temperate zones,and the northern boundary is roughly distributed along the Dujiangyan-Maoxian-Pingwu-Wenxian line to the west of the Jialing River and the 1000 m contour line on the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains,while the southern boundary occurs along the Dujiangyan-Beichuan-Qingchuan line to the west of the Jialing River and the 1000 m contour line on the northern slope of the Daba Mountains.SOC/TN spatial variation provides a reference for the demarcation of the subtropical and warm temperate zones,and further identification of the soil processes and ecological effects in typical regions can help reveal multidimensional transitional characteristics and variation mechanisms.

Study on Sustainable Development in Vulnerable Eco-areas

The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment---economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.

Research progress of industrial geography in China

The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special attention to industrial agglomeration and industrial clusters. The increasing industrial agglomeration and development of industrial clusters have been the prominent characteristics of dynamics of industrial landscape in China. The major driving forces of China's industrial geography include economic globalization, decentralization and regional competition and rebuilding of regional advantages. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research focus.

Credit Systems for the Rural Poorin the Economic Transition of China:Institutions, Outreach, and Policy Options

Siniceundertakingmarket-orientedreformsinthelate1970s,Chinahasenjoyedrapideconomicgrowthandasubstantialreductioninpoverty.Asaresultthecountry’sfinancialsystemisunderincreasingpressuretoadjusttotheneweconomicoutlook.RuralChina,forinstance,lacksacompre...

Constructing a World-Level Urban Research System: Review on Studies on the Transition of Urban China

Studies on the Transition of Urban China Author:Chenghua LI Year:2013Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010129716(417 pages,in Chinese)The innovative urbanization practice and the urban transitional development strategies in China have become new heated topics in the field of worldwide urban research,and posed new requirements on

Latitudinal differentiation and patterns of temperate and subtropical plants in the Qinling-Daba Mountains

Geographically,the Qinling-Daba Mountains serve as the main body of the north-south transitional zone of China.However,the transitional patterns of their plant species still need to be clarified.This study analyzed latitudinal variations of plant species richness,relative importance values(RIV),and plant species abundance based on plant community field survey data for 163 sample sites along three north-south transect lines in the eastern,middle,and western parts of the study areas.The difference in RIV between subtropical and temperate species(SND-RIV)was selected to reveal the latitudinal interlacing pattern of northern and southern plant species.Along the eastern(Sanmenxia-Yichang),middle(Xi’an-Dazhou),and western(Tianshui-Guangyuan)transects,the richness and RIV of subtropical plant species increased while those of temperate plant species decreased from north to south.In the eastern transect,temperate plant species richness and RIV were the highest at Shennongjia and Funiu Mountain,respectively,because of their high elevations.In the middle transect,subtropical plant species richness and RIV were the highest in the Daba Mountains.In the western transect,richness and RIV were higher for subtropical than temperate plant species from the south of Longnan.The crisscrossing areas of northern and southern plant species were∼180 km,∼100 km,and∼60 km wide for the eastern,middle,and western transects,respectively,showing a narrowing trend from east to west.For the eastern and western transects,decreases in subtropical plant species distribution from south to north could be attributed to a decrease in mean annual precipitation in the same direction.However,for the middle transect,mean annual temperature had a slightly greater influence on plant species’latitudinal distribution than the moisture index.This study provides a more solid scientific basis for future investigations of this key geographical boundary in China.

North-south vegetation transition in the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains

The Qinling-Daba Mountains are the main body of China’s North-South Transitional Zone.Analysis of the north-south gradual variation of vegetation components is significant for understanding the structural diversity and complexity of this transitional zone.In this study,based on survey data of plant communities,the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains is divided into four geographic units:the north flank of eastern Qinling Mts.,south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.,north flank of eastern Daba Mts.and south flank of eastern Daba Mts.We also explore division of regional climate according to areal differentiation of plant-species,community structure and species-richness,respectively.The results show that,(1)at plant-species level,there are mainly northern plants in north flank of eastern Qinling Mts.with evergreen species and fewer northern plants in south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.;there are mainly southern plants in eastern Daba Mts.(2)At community structure level,there are 4 formations(3 northern formations and 1 widespread formation)in north flank of eastern Qinling,6 formations(3 northern formations,1 southern formation,and 2 widespread formations)in south flank of eastern Qinling,4 formations(2 southern formations and 2 widespread formations)in north flank of eastern Daba Mts.,and 3 formations(3 southern formations)in south flank of eastern Daba Mts.In terms of the numbers and properties of formations,there is a mixture of northern and southern formations only in the south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.(3)At species-richness level,the diversity of families,genera and species decreased with increasing latitude,but the mixing of northern plants and the southern plants began to occur in south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.This means that the south flank of the eastern Qinling Mts.serves more suitably as the dividing line between China’s warm temperate and subtropical zones.