1-D P- and S-wave velocity models for the collision zone between the northern Tianshan mountain and the Junggar basin based on local earthquake data

We have developed crustal minimum I-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the collision zone between the northern Tianshan mountain and the Junggar basin （86°E-89°E, 43°N-44.5°N）. These two models were created through inversion of 1 370 P- and 1 396 S-wave travel times from 173 well-constrained local earthquakes recorded by the Uriimqi sparse local seismic network and temporary seismic arrays. In contrast to previous models, our results indicate relatively low velocity at both shallow （〈10 km） and deep （30-45 km） depths. The shallow zone is interpreted to be the result of thick surficial sedimentary deposits, whereas the deeper anomaly is interpreted to result from ductile shearing and lower crustal fow. Additionally, we detected several transition layers under the lower crust, which may imply structural complexity of the uppermost mantle in this region. The improved models reduce the RMS residual of earthquake locations by 41.7% from 1.2 to 0.5 seconds. The more accurately located hypocenters appear to correlate with prominent local over-thrusts, which underlie an anticlinal fold belt and several blind faults. Positive station corrections are observed near the Junggar basin, which likely reflects low wave velocity; negative corrections near the Tianshan mountain and Bogda mountain suggest high wave velocity.

Study on fine structure of crust-mantle transi-tion zone in Yanqing-Hailai basin based on CDP and DSS data

The fine structure of crust mantle transition zone in Yanqing Hailai(Yan Huai basin) basin has been analyzed and discussed by using the data of Yanqing Hailai deep seismic reflection profile and Beijing Huailai Fengzhen deep seismic sounding profile obtained respectively in 1992 and in 1993. The primary model is established based on CDP stacking profile. The phases of seismic refraction waves and wide angle reflection waves are analyzed, travel time inversion is carried out and 2 D ray tracing is computed. Synthetic seismograms are completed by using re flectivity method for waveform fitting of phases P M and P M′, they are reflection waves from both the upper and the lower boundaries of the crust mantle transition zone in this basin. The results show that the P M′ reflection waves are stronger at some points and come from the lower boundary of Moho discontinuity. It is confirmed and inter preted that the Moho discontinuity in Yanqing Hailai basin consists of a group of thin layers with alternatively higher and lower velocities.

Geochemical and Geological Characterization of Marine-Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study in the Ordos Basin, NW China

The organic-rich shale of the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation of the Lower Permian deposited in a marinecontinental transitional environment are well developed in the Ordos Basin,NW China,which is considered to contain a large amount of shale hydrocarbon resources.This study takes the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale collected from well SL~# in the Ordos Basin,NW China as an example to characterize the transitional shale reservoir.Based on organic geochemistry data,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)observations,the desorbed gas contents of this transitional shale were systematically studied and the shale gas potential was investigated.The results indicate that the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale has a relatively high total organic carbon(TOC)(average TOC of 4.9%)and contains type III kerogen with a high mature to over mature status.XRD analyses show that an important characteristic of the shale is that clay and brittle minerals of detrital origin comprise the major mineral composition of the marine-continental transitional shale samples,while the percentages of carbonate minerals,pyrite and siderite are relatively small.FE-SEM observations reveal that the mineral matrix pores are the most abundant in the Lower Permian shale samples,while organic matter(OM)pores are rarely developed.Experimental analysis suggests that the mineral compositions mainly govern the macropore development in the marine-continental transitional shale,and mineral matrix pores and microfractures are considered to provide space for gas storage and migration.In addition,the desorption experiments demonstrated that the marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration,ranging from 0.53 to 2.86 m^3/t with an average value of 1.25m^3/t,which is in close proximity to those of terrestrial shale(1.29 m^3/t)and marine shale(1.28 m^3/t).In summary,these results demonstrated that the Lower Permian marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration.

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF LUONAN BASIN

Luonan Basin, formed during Neo\|tectonic movements, is one of the small block basins in East Qinling Mountain. Three faults, Tieluzi Fault, Dajing\|Guojiayuan Fault and Beisi Fault bound it. The west part of the basin is higher than the east part. The elevation, usually more than 1100meters in the west, decreases gradually to less than 800meters in the east. The Cenozoic deposit in Luonan Basin is thin in the west part and becomes increasingly thick towards the east part. The total thickness of both the Eogene and the Neogene is only more than 100meters at Dajing. At Duishan, a place close to Luonan county town, it is about 400meters, and at Gucheng, it becomes nearly 1750meters. The strata crop out in the west part of the basin, usually the Eogene and the Neogene, are older than those in the east part which are usually the Quaternary deposits. The pattern of the Cenozoic deposits in Luonan Basin is similar to that in Shangzhou Basin (Li Kaoshe, personal communication), a basin locating just to the south of Luonan Basin.

Structural characteristics of the basement and the prospective of favorable oil and gas blocks in the Tacheng basin

The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.

North slope transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag in Qiongdongnan Basin and its control on medium and large gas fields,South China Sea

Based on analysis of newly collected 3D seismic and drilled well data,the geological structure and fault system of Baodao sag have been systematically examined to figure out characteristics of the transition fault terrace belt and its control on the formation of natural gas reservoirs.The research results show that the Baodao sag has the northern fault terrace belt,central depression belt and southern slope belt developed,among them,the northern fault terrace belt consists of multiple transition fault terrace belts such as Baodao B,A and C from west to east which control the source rocks,traps,reservoirs,oil and gas migration and hydrocarbon enrichment in the Baodao sag.The activity of the main fault of the transition belt in the sedimentary period of Yacheng Formation in the Early Oligocene controlled the hydrocarbon generation kitchen and hydrocarbon generation potential.From west to east,getting closer to the provenance,the transition belt increased in activity strength,thickness of source rock and scale of delta,and had multiple hydrocarbon generation depressions developed.The main fault had local compression under the background of tension and torsion,giving rise to composite traps under the background of large nose structure,and the Baodao A and Baodao C traps to the east are larger than Baodao B trap.Multiple fault terraces controlled the material source input from the uplift area to form large delta sand bodies,and the synthetic transition belt of the west and middle sections and the gentle slope of the east section of the F12 fault in the Baodao A transition belt controlled the input of two major material sources,giving rise to a number of delta lobes in the west and east branches.The large structural ridge formed under the control of the main fault close to the hydrocarbon generation center allows efficient migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The combination mode and active time of the main faults matched well with the natural gas charging period,resulting in the hydrocarbon gas enrichment.Baodao A transition belt is adjacent to Baodao 27,25 and 21 lows,where large braided river delta deposits supplied by Shenhu uplift provenance develop,and it is characterized by large structural ridges allowing high efficient hydrocarbon accumulation,parallel combination of main faults and early cessation of faulting activity,so it is a favorable area for hydrocarbon gas accumulation.Thick high-quality gas reservoirs have been revealed through drilling,leading to the discovery of the first large-scale gas field in Baodo 21-1 of Baodao sag.This discovery also confirms that the north transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag has good reservoir forming conditions,and the transition fault terrace belt has great exploration potential eastward.

Characteristics of the three-dimensional deep electrical structure in the Helan Mountains-Yinchuan Basin and its geodynamic implications

Located in the north segment of the North-South seismic belt where the Alxa block(AB)and the Ordos block(OB)contact,the Helan Mountains-Yinchuan Basin(HLM-YCB)constitutes a typical normal faulting basin-mountain structure on the Chinese mainland.The 1739 M8.0 Pingluo earthquake occurred in the Yinchuan fault depression basin with such a basinmountain structure.Data on five magnetotelluric profiles encompassing distinct segments of the HLM-YCB were utilized for three-dimensional(3D)joint inversion in order to collect fine 3D electrical structure information at a crustal and upper mantle scale across the entire region.The electrical structure between the main blocks in the HLM-YCB and adjacent areas is characterized by east-west horizontal blocks OB,YCB,and HLM,which are divided by the Yellow River fault(F5)with the HLM eastern piedmont fault(F2)as electrical boundary zones on the east and west sides.The two main block units,AB and OB,exhibit an obvious layered resistivity structure.Besides,the HLM-YCB is characterized by a typical basin-mountain structure with the mountains as a high-resistivity body and the basin as a low-resistivity body,and in the northern YCB a large-scale lowresistivity structure exists,extending to the upper mantle,probably derived from the upwelling of mantle-derived materials.It is speculated from a combination of recent 3D crustal movement field information and other data that the HLM-YCB is an active tectonic zone formed via regional tensile action.The formation of the HLM-YCB lies in the interaction of the Tibetan Plateau(TP),AB,and OB and abnormal mantle activities beneath the YCB.The HLM-YCB reflects the joint action of upwelling and diffluence caused by the underplating of hot materials from the deep mantle with gravity and the redistribution of regional tectonic stress on the earth’s surface,which may be the main dynamic reason for the 1739 M8.0 Pingluo earthquake.

内蒙古大青山侏罗纪沉积盆地充填和构造古地貌重建

石拐盆地是阴山地区保存最完整的侏罗纪盆地,其沉积充填过程和碎屑物质组成为正确认识大青山侏罗纪构造地貌演化提供了重要约束。石拐盆地形成于伸展断陷环境,依次充填了下侏罗统五当沟组和中侏罗统召沟组。断陷初期,南部地貌陡峭,控制发育了冲积扇沉积体系,碎屑组分记录了近源高级变质地体的剥露过程;晚期以坳陷为主,在召沟组末期形成最大湖泛面,碎屑组分中沉积岩岩屑和砾石明显增多,指示构造平静阶段的地貌夷平。至中—晚侏罗世,大青山地区构造属性发生反转,断陷盆地南部开始卷入挤压变形,形成大青山褶皱—逆冲系统雏形。然而,这些新生的挤压构造似乎未能引起地表地形的剧烈起伏,它们主要表现为隐伏状态。相反,该时期北部地貌抬升最为显著,不仅体现在中侏罗统长汉沟组和上侏罗统大青山组边缘相沉积均分布在盆地北部,更体现在阴山地体中浅层次盖层、火山物质与深层次TTG岩套的的反复剥露抬升。这种“北高南低”地貌特征的形成与阴山地体持续抬升及其两侧先存断裂活化密切相关,也是对周缘板块向东亚大陆俯冲汇聚的远程响应。

冀中坳陷南部中—新生代构造转换及其油气地质意义

为了分析冀中坳陷南部中—新生代构造转换机制及其与油气分布的关系,基于地震解释资料,对该区地质结构特征、构造演化及构造转换过程进行研究,并对其油气地质意义进行了探讨。结果表明:冀中坳陷南部衡水调节带两侧地质结构存在明显差异,北部为“双断-双向滑脱-背倾半地堑”结构,南部为“多断-单向滑脱-复式半地堑”结构;冀中坳陷南部地区中—新生代构造演化大致分为基底演化(中生代)、初始裂陷演化(孔店组—沙四段沉积时期)、强裂陷演化(沙三段—沙二段沉积时期)、弱裂陷演化(沙一段—东营组沉积时期)及后裂陷演化(馆陶组沉积时期以来)5个阶段;冀中坳陷南部经历了基底NNE向构造体系向新生代NE向构造体系的转换,区域中—新生代以来应力场变化是冀中坳陷多方位复杂构造形成的原因;冀中坳陷南部构造转换作用通过影响洼槽迁移进而影响有效烃源岩分布,通过控制砂体入盆通道影响储层砂体展布,构造变换过程中主干断层位移梯度变化导致横向背斜形成指示油气富集的有利部位。构造体制转换形成的不同规模变换构造具有一定勘探潜力。

海陆过渡相煤系页岩孔隙分形特征及影响因素——以沁水盆地北部太原组为例

【目的】为分析沁水盆地北部太原组海陆过渡相煤系页岩孔隙分形特征及影响因素。【方法】通过对阳泉区块太原组样品进行总有机碳(TOC)含量、成熟度测试及X射线衍射、低温氮气吸附实验,基于(Frenkel Halsey Hill,FHH)理论模型计算样品孔隙分形维数,分析矿物含量、有机地化特征及孔隙结构参数对孔隙分形维数的影响。【结果】太原组煤系页岩TOC含量介于0.57%~6.40%,平均为3.18%;有机质镜质体反射率(R_(o))介于1.96%~3.24%,平均为2.49%;煤系页岩微观孔隙具有双重分形特点,其中表面分形维数(D_(1))介于2.507 9~2.663 9,结构分形维数(D_(2))介于2.527 1~2.809 4;有机质含量及成熟度与D_(1)、D_(2)均呈正相关关系,孔隙结构参数与D_(1)、D_(2)具有良好的正相关性,但与D_(2)相关系数高于D_(1),指示微孔对孔隙结构参数的影响更强;分选、磨圆度高的陆源碎屑石英多具规则孔隙形态,造成石英含量与D_(1)、D_(2)呈负相关关系;碳酸盐岩矿物及长石主要提供宏孔,其含量与页岩D_(1)及D_(2)均呈负相关关系;黏土矿物在长期压实作用下孔径减小,微孔数量增加,孔隙形态复杂,其含量与分形维数D_(1)及D_(2)呈正相关关系。【结论】海陆过渡相煤系页岩微观孔隙具有双重分形特点,有机质含量、成熟度、孔隙结构参数和黏土矿物含量增大可导致其微观孔隙分形维数变大,陆源碎屑石英、长石和碳酸盐矿物含量增多可导致其微观孔隙分形维数变小。

塔里木盆地库车褶皱冲断带东段依奇克里克背斜的构造特征和形成演化

依奇克里克背斜位于塔里木盆地北缘,库车褶皱冲断带北部构造带东段。它是一个基底卷入型开阔直立背斜,是在晚海西期古隆起和印支期库车周缘前陆盆地前渊带背景下形成的一个含油气构造。背斜核部出露的最老地层是白垩系下统,向两翼方向依次出露古近系、新近系和第四系。钻井资料揭示,之下还有三叠系和侏罗系含煤碎屑岩建造,不整合于石炭系灰岩之上。中新统吉迪克组至更新统西域组是背斜的生长地层,古近系及以下地层是前生长地层。背斜位于库车褶皱冲断带根带,发育厚皮构造;向前锋方向,逐渐演变为薄皮构造。褶皱冲断带的两个主滑脱断层分别发育于侏罗系煤层和吉迪克组膏盐层。作为印度—亚洲碰撞的远程效应,背斜的变形起始于古近纪末—新近纪初,经多个变形加速期,脉式冲断,直至第四纪晚期才最终定型。

准噶尔盆地南缘西部山前褶皱—冲断带构造分带特征及形成演化

准噶尔盆地南缘西部构造呈新的构造叠置特征和复杂的复合叠加构造样式,叠加构造在空间分布上具有明显的分带特征。根据野外地质调查和地震解释资料,采用平衡剖面恢复、楔型构造理论和构造地质学分析方法,研究复杂叠加构造变形差异及分带特征。结果表明:准噶尔盆地南缘西部发育受基底卷入与顺层滑脱联合与差异控制下的空间断褶体系,褶皱发育受断层控制,褶皱与断层相互叠加形成构造楔、双重构造、突发构造等复合构造样式,表现为多期活动特征。研究区按构造变形性质及变形差异可划分为山前逆冲推覆构造带、基底卷入型褶皱—冲断带、盖层滑脱型褶皱—冲断带3个构造带;其中,基底卷入型褶皱—冲断带与第一排断褶带重合,受控于基底卷入型断裂体系,发育基底卷入式大型构造楔、背形堆垛式双重构造与前倾双重构造,背斜轴线与断层线平面重合度高;盖层滑脱型褶皱—冲断带包括第二和第三排断褶带,受控于顺层滑脱型断裂体系,发育断展褶皱,背斜轴线与断层线平面重合度低,构造垂向上具有分层差异,构造变形程度自南向北表现为由强至弱。挤压应力作用的时期和强度、滑脱断层的向北滑脱、构造楔的楔入长度及推挤距离、滑脱层的厚度和上覆地层厚度,以及沉积时代、沉积速率和岩性差异等因素是引起研究区构造垂向分层、南北分带的原因。该结果对明确研究区构造发育及下一步油气地质勘探具有指导意义。

Lithospheric structure and faulting characteristics of the Helan Mountains and Yinchuan Basin： Results of deep seismic reflection profiling

The Helan Mountains and Yinchuan Basin （HM-YB） are located at the northern end of the North-South tectonic belt, and form an intraplate tectonic deformation zone in the western margin of the North China Craton （NCC）. The HM-YB has a complicated history of formation and evolution, and is tectonically active at the present day. It has played a dominant role in the complex geological structure and modem earthquake activities of the region. A 135-km-long deep seismic reflection profile across the HM-YB was acquired in early 2014, which provides detailed information of the lithospheric structure and faulting characteristics from near-surface to various depths in the region. The results show that the Moho gradually deepens from east to west in the depth range of 40-48 km along the profile. Significant differences are present in the crustal structure of different tectonic units, including in the distribution of seismic velocities, depths of intra-cmstal discontinuities and undulation pattern of the Moho. The deep seismic reflection profile further reveals distinct structural characteristics on the opposite sides of the Helan Mountains. To the east, The Yellow River fault, the eastern piedmont fault of the Helan Mountains, as well as multiple buried faults within the Yinchuan Basin are all normal faults and still active since the Quaternary. These faults have controlled the Cenozoic sedimentation of the basin, and display a ＂negative-flower＂ structure in the profile. To the west, the Bayanhaote fault and the western piedmont fault of the Helan Mountains are east-dipping thrust faults, which caused folding, thrusting, and structural deformation in the Mesozoic stratum of the Helan Mountains uplift zone. A deep-penetrating fault is identified in the western side of the Yinchuan Basin. It has a steep inclination cutting through the middle-lower crust and the Moho, and may be connected to the two groups of faults in the upper crest. This set of deep and shallow fault system consists of both strike-slip, thrust, and normal faults formed over different eras, and provides the key tectonic conditions for the basin-mountains coupling, crustal deformation and crust-mantle interactions in the region. The other important phenomenon revealed from the results of deep seismic reflection profiling is the presence of a strong upper mantle reflection （UMR） at a depth of 82-92 km beneath the HM-YB, indicating the existence of a rapid velocity variation or a velocity discontinuity in that depth range. This is possibly a sign of vertical structural inhomogeneity in the upper mantle of the region. The seismic results presented here provide new clues and observational bases for further study of the deep structure, structural differences among various blocks and the tectonic relationship between deep and shallow processes in the western NCC.

On the Origin of One Basin-Multiple Mountain Couplings in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin-Range Area in Eastern North China

The basin-range coupling relation is a leading subject of the modern geology. In geometry, relations of this type include couplings between stretched orogenic belt and down-faulted basin, compressional orogenic belt and foreland basin, strike-slip orogenic belt and strike-slip basin and so on. Fault chains are the key for these couplings and there are typical examples for all these cases. The North China down-faulted basin is coupled west with the Taihang uplift, east with the Jiao-Liao Mountains, north with the Yanshan orogenic belt and south with the Dabie orogenic belt, that is to say, the central down-faulted basin and the surrounding orogenic belts bear a coupling relation within a uniform dynamistic system. Study shows that the central down-faulted basin and the North China mantle sub-plume structure have a close relation during their formation. Owing to intensive mantle sub-plume uplifting, the bottom of the lithosphere suffered from resistance, which caused the lithosphere of the eastern North China to be heated, thinned and fault-depressed. Meanwhile, mantle rocks that were detached outwards in the shape of mushroom was dissected by surrounding ductile shearing zones, which lead to decompression and unloading to generate hypomagmas, and a series of mantle-branch structures were formed around the down-faulted basin. There is an obvious comparability among these mantle branch structures (orogenic belts), and they have basin-range coupling relations with the central down-faulted basins.

阿曼山西侧前陆盆地莱克维尔隆起中—新生界构造特征与油气成藏

我国石油公司在中东阿曼山西侧前陆盆地莱克维尔隆起拥有多个油气合作项目,由于勘探程度较低,对其区域构造与油气成藏特征的认识还不够深入。基于新的井震资料,开展莱克维尔隆起区构造、断裂解释与油气成藏分析。结果表明:①莱克维尔隆起在三叠纪—侏罗纪处于拉张环境,晚白垩世构造发生反转形成反转背斜,其形成主要受控于阿曼山快速隆升挤压作用,上覆古近系直接披覆于隆起区中白垩统之上呈不整合接触。②隆起区发育两组高角度正断层,断层形态在剖面上呈“Y”形、复合“Y”形,在平面上呈“X”形交叉分布;晚白垩世由于造山作用导致断层处于挤压状态。③研究区中生代长期处于被动陆缘,具有3类典型成藏模式,包括下白垩统Shuaiba组礁滩岩性油气藏、上白垩统Natih组断块型油气藏及地层不整合油气藏、古近系Umm er Radhuma组生物碎屑灰岩岩性油气藏;晚白垩世以来上侏罗统Diyab组、下白垩统Bab组2套主力烃源岩已进入成熟阶段,晚白垩世发育的不整合及三叠纪—侏罗纪伸展背景下形成的垂向断裂构成重要的油气输导体系,促进了区域油气聚集成藏。认为莱克维尔隆起顶部、西侧斜坡带与东侧前渊斜坡带的地质条件相似,具有较大勘探潜力,是未来重要的油气勘探方向。

南海西南次海盆深部结构研究进展与展望

西南次海盆位于南海渐进式扩张的西南端,共轭陆缘结构和残留扩张脊保留完整,是研究南海深部结构和动力学机制的关键区域。前期研究发现,西南次海盆洋陆过渡带较窄、同扩张断层发育、地震反射莫霍面不清晰、具有慢速扩张等特征。然而,由于不同探测方法获取的地壳结构具有多解性,使得西南次海盆洋陆转换过程、慢速扩张洋壳结构与增生模式以及龙门海山岩石性质与地幔成因机制等基础科学问题尚存争议。为此本文建议在西南次海盆开展地质取样获取海山岩石样品,确定其年龄与性质,分析扩张后海山形成的深部动力过程;并对关键构造部署高精度的地震反射/折射联合探测,结合岩石物理分析,对西南次海盆进行构造成像和物质组成参数正反演,以实现壳幔尺度的地震学透视,为探索西南次海盆洋陆转换过程和洋壳增生模式提供重要的证据,以丰富和完善南海的动力学演化模式。

准噶尔盆地南缘中段第一、二排构造演化与油气成藏

盆-山转换带一直是构造地质研究的重点及难点,开展其构造样式、形成演化及成藏过程解析,对揭示山前复杂构造的控藏作用、指导盆-山转换带的油气勘探均具有重要意义.综合运用地震资料解释、断层活动定量分析、流体包裹体均一温度测定等手段,结合构造物理模拟实验,对准噶尔盆地南缘中段第一、二排构造特征、演化过程、形成机制及控藏机理进行了综合研究.结果表明:南缘中段第一、二排构造主要发育基底卷入与盖层滑脱断层控制的双重构造样式.侏罗纪末期,齐古-昌吉褶皱带初具雏形;古近纪末期,霍玛吐褶皱带开始形成;第四纪,褶皱带被断裂强烈改造,形成断褶带,滑脱层对应力向盆内传递起重要作用.南缘中段发育多套烃源岩,形成了多期差异性的以“自生自储”和“古生新储”为主要组合模式的成藏过程.

新疆天山中段地壳和上地幔顶部P波速度结构研究

天山造山带一直以来是研究盆山耦合作用的理想场所,深入理解这一地区的壳幔结构对认识天山造山带深部动力学过程具有重要意义.本研究基于2009—2020年新疆区域数字地震台网固定台站、震后架设应急流动台站以及部分宽频带流动地震台站记录到的MS≥1.5地震到时资料,采用双差地震层析成像方法反演获得了新疆天山中段精细的地壳和上地幔顶部三维P波速度结构和地震震源参数.结果显示:新疆天山中段具有复杂的深浅构造关系,地壳浅部及上地壳P波速度结构与地表地质构造密切相关,高速异常区对应于天山造山带,低速异常区对应于沉积盆地.研究区中东段中地壳和下地壳存在较大范围低速区,与两侧准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地上地壳和中地壳低速区相连,且准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地下地壳及上地幔顶部双向均向新疆天山中段下方倾斜.结合前人诸多研究成果推测,在南北向构造挤压作用下,塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地双向向天山造山带壳幔岩石圈发生"层间插入与俯冲削减".重定位后地震分布显示,地震震源深度优势范围为0~25 km,主要沿断裂带、盆山结合部以及不同块体接触部位分布,且与壳内低速体有较好的相关性.这些结果可能为研究新疆天山中段地壳和上地幔顶部速度结构和动力学过程提供参考依据.

不同岩相海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构及控制因素——以鄂东缘地区山西组山23亚段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘山西组山23亚段等海陆过渡相页岩是我国下步页岩气勘探重点目标,具有岩相类型多、横向变化快、资源潜力大等特点。通过氮气吸附、核磁共振、图像识别和有机显微组分鉴定等系统性分析,划分出5类岩相(硅质页岩相、硅质黏土质页岩相、钙质硅质页岩相、硅质钙质页岩相、黏土质页岩相),分别研究不同岩相孔隙结构,探讨其主控因素。结果表明:1)有机孔形态、连通性和发育程度在钙质硅质(或硅质钙质)页岩相中表现最优,无机孔、微裂缝在各岩相均较发育;2)微孔和小孔径介孔贡献了比表面积、总孔容的主体,大孔径介孔与宏孔的贡献也十分明显;3)TOC和成熟度对孔隙结构的控制作用不明显;4)硅质与硅质黏土质页岩相中有机显微组分为镜质组,有机孔形态、连通性、发育程度均较差,钙质硅质(或硅质钙质)页岩相、黏土质页岩相中可观察到腐泥组,是发育有机孔的有效组分,有效有机显微组分是控制山23亚段海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构的重要因素。