“Three Beauties”Principle in the English Versions of“Jing Ye Si”--Translations by Xu and Fletcher as Examples

“Jing Ye Si”is a classical poem with international influence by the Chinese poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,which expresses the poet’s deep nostalgia.This paper compares and analyzes its two English versions translated by the Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong and the British translator W.J.B.Fletcher based on the“three beauties”principle(beauty in sense,beauty in sound,and beauty in form),and discovers that the English version of Xu basically achieves the unity of the“three beauties”,while the English version of Fletcher realizes the“beauty in sound and form”,but deviates from the“beauty in sense”mainly owing to the inaccurate comprehension of the moon as an image and other factors.This analysis may afford us with certain reference in poetry translation.

Research on high-performance English translation based on topic model

Retelling extraction is an important branch of Natural Language Processing(NLP),and high-quality retelling resources are very helpful to improve the performance of machine translation.However,traditional methods based on the bilingual parallel corpus often ignore the document background in the process of retelling acquisition and application.In order to solve this problem,we introduce topic model information into the translation mode and propose a topic-based statistical machine translation method to improve the translation performance.In this method,Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis(PLSA)is used to obtains the co-occurrence relationship between words and documents by the hybrid matrix decomposition.Then we design a decoder to simplify the decoding process.Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of translation.

EKELAND'S PRINCIPLE FOR SET-VALUED VECTOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS

In this paper, we introduce a concept of quasi C-lower semicontinuity for setvalued mapping and provide a vector version of Ekeland＇s theorem related to set-valued vector equilibrium problems. As applications, we derive an existence theorem of weakly efficient solution for set-valued vector equilibrium problems without the assumption of convexity of the constraint set and the assumptions of convexity and monotonicity of the set-valued mapping. We also obtain an existence theorem of ε-approximate solution for set-valued vector equilibrium problems without the assumptions of compactness and convexity of the constraint set.

MODIFIED H-R MIXED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC BODIES AND STATE-VECTOR EQUATION

Based upon the Hellinger-Reissner (H-R) mixed variational principle for three-dimensional elastic bodies, the modified H-R mixed variational theorem for magnetoelectroelastic bodies was established. The state-vector equation of magnetoelectroelastic plates was derived from the proposed theorem by performing the variational operations. To lay a theoretical basis of the semi-analytical solution applied with the magnetoelectroelastic plates, the state-vector equation for the discrete element in plane was proposed through the use of the proposed principle. Finally, it is pointed out that the modified H-R mixed variational principle for pure elastic, single piezoelectric or single piezomagnetic bodies are the special cases of the present variational theorem.

A MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE FOR DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER SYSTEMS WITH MIXED PHASE-CONTROL CONSTRAINTS ANDENDPOINT CONSTRAINTS

This paper considered the optimal control problem for distributed parameter systems with mixed phase-control constraints and end-point constraints. Pontryagin's maximum principle for optimal control are derived via Duboviskij-Milujin theorem.

Translation Principles and Methods for Long Sentences in English Sale Contracts of Goods

The translation of English sale contracts of goods has become an important step in international goods sales. In order to resolve the difficulties, the translation of long sentences, the author defines what the translation of English sale contracts of goods is in the international goods sales based on skopos theory. Then the author presents four principles: accuracy, fluency, standard and preciseness for the translation of long sentences in view of the purpose of translation, the nature of readership and the type of texts. And the author further advances feasible methods for the translation of long sentences after analyzing their features. These principles and methods are proven to be meaningful in the translation of English sale contracts of goods.

A Study of Su Mansu's Literary Translation and His Translation Principles

Su Manshu was a writer and translator in modern China. In addition to his fruitful literary creation, in the aspect of translation, he translated a lot of poetry in English literature, Hugo‘s Les Miserable's and also some Indian literary works. He is good at making use of old verses to translate poetry. As to translation principles, he advocates "translation without increasing", "translation without increasing ornaments," and practices the method of "translation according to the source text context".

Principles and Translation Strategies to English Numerical Idioms

Numbers are a special kind of language.Numerical idioms refer to the idioms containing numbers.In both Chinese and English languages,numbers have magical uses.They have deep ethic and historical color and show different cultural character istics vividly.This paper tries to discuss the translation strategies to the English numerical idioms,with the aim of narrowing the culture gap between eastern and western countries.

Translation Principles of Chinese Ethnic Minority Classics:A Case Study on the English Translation of Yimakan Mandu Mergen

Different translation principles may result in different translation products Chinese and foreign scholars put forward a lot of insightful and perceptive views on translation principles based on their plentiful translation practice.Taken the Hezhe Peo ple’s oral tradition Yimakan Mandu Mergen as an example,the paper probes into the English translation principles and strategies of Chinese ethnic minority classics.

On stability of discontinuous systems via vector Lyapunov functions

This paper deals with the stability of systems with discontinuous righthand side （with solutions in Filippov＇s sense） via locally Lipschitz continuous and regular vector Lyapunov functions. A new type of “set-valued derivative” of vector Lyapunov functions is introduced, some generalized comparison principles on discontinuous systems are shown. Furthermore, Lyapunov stability theory is developed for a class of discontinuous systems based on locally Lipschitz continuous and regular vector Lyapunov functions.

The Principle&Method of Trademark Translation

As a particular form of translation,brand name translation is not simply a matter of finding equivalent expressions in the target language for the source brand name,but a process of transplanting cultures as well,which is not easy.In this article,the author expounds the Principle& Method of Trademark Translation in detail.

EQUIVALENT-EFFECT PRINCIPLE AND THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH AND CHINESE BRAND NAMES

Translation of brand names is a kind of intercultural communication,which involves regional cultures,consumer psychology,aesthetic interest and some other factors. It is important to achieve the pragmatic equivalence in the brand name translation. This paper first briefly goes over equivalent-effect principles and the features of brand and brand names. Then it analyses the characteristics of English and Chinese brand names and discusses five approaches to the translation of brand names--literal translation;transliteration; mixed translation; flexible translation and zero translation.

The Analysis of the Principles of Brand Translation

An external manifestation of a brand is a name, a symbol. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad on brand naming strategy for a lot of research. This article analyses some of the brand naming policy, and discussions from the perspective of translation method to the conclusion that brand names translation method: A preliminary framework. The author approaches the export business with some interrelated suggestions accordingly and hopes it can benefit in terms of translation of brand names.

Cooperative Principle and the Equivalent Effect in Translation

The cooperative principle is an important theory of pragmatics,concerning how to maximally achieve communicative goal.While translation serves as a communicative medium,it should also observe the conversational rules—cooperative principle to achieve the equivalent effect.This paper tries to explore the issue from the perspective of cooperative principle.

The Application of Cooperative Principle in Translation

The cooperative principle in conversation proposed by Herberr Paul Grice is an important theory in pragmatics,which contrib utes a lot to translation.It introduces pragmatics to translation field and injects fresh vigor to translation practice.Translation is also a kind of conversation some time,thus it should also obey the Cooperative Principle and its maxims.Sometimes,translators have to violate some maxims in order to obey the cooperative principle better in some extent.This article will show some examples in which cooperative princi ples can be used as a guide or a scale to improve the quality of translation.

Analysis on the Features of Business English and Its Translation Principles

The world economy is interrelated and changing so fast that china has to think globally to grow and prosper in order to have a closer relationship with the international market. In this process language is undoubtedly necessary and business English is one of the most important ones. Business English requires to be explicit, professional and accurate; therefore, its translation should also follow these principles. This paper tends to analyze the features of business English and demonstrate how to realize effective translation.

Improve Neural Machine Translation by Building Word Vector with Part of Speech

Neural Machine Translation(NMT)based system is an important technology for translation applications.However,there is plenty of rooms for the improvement of NMT.In the process of NMT,traditional word vector cannot distinguish the same words under different parts of speech(POS).Aiming to alleviate this problem,this paper proposed a new word vector training method based on POS feature.It can efficiently improve the quality of translation by adding POS feature to the training process of word vectors.In the experiments,we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our methods.The experimental result shows that the proposed method is beneficial to improve the quality of translation from English into Chinese.

The Reflection of “Three Beauties” Principle in the English Translation of Song Lyric “Jiang Cheng Zi. Ji Meng” By Xu Yuanchong

Professor Xu Yuanchong‘s"three beauties"principle has become the guideline in the field of the classical Chinese poetry translation. But the"three beauties"are not easy to coexist in a translation work and very often one has to be sacrificed for the other. How the"three beauties"being realized and combined together in the translation has been discussed. It reveals that there is a perfect integration of the"three beauties"in Professor Xu's English translation of Song Lyric"Jiang Cheng Zi. Ji Meng".

WORD BASED MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEM

This paper compared several methods of machine translation(MT) design, drew lessons from the idea of phrase structure, GPSG, HPSG and Corpus, took words as the core, built a set of word rules, and developed an English Chinese Machine Translation System based on it. The paper also discussed some technical problems on building MT system, and provided an estimation principle for using rules. With this principle the syntax ambiguities in MT system are solved better.

On Eigen-Matrix Translation Method for Classification of Biological Data

Driven by the challenge of integrating large amount of experimental data, classification technique emerges as one of the major and popular tools in computational biology and bioinformatics research. Machine learning methods, especially kernel methods with Support Vector Machines （SVMs） are very popular and effective tools. In the perspective of kernel matrix, a technique namely Eigen- matrix translation has been introduced for protein data classification. The Eigen-matrix translation strategy has a lot of nice properties which deserve more exploration. This paper investigates the major role of Eigen-matrix translation in classification. The authors propose that its importance lies in the dimension reduction of predictor attributes within the data set. This is very important when the dimension of features is huge. The authors show by numerical experiments on real biological data sets that the proposed framework is crucial and effective in improving classification accuracy. This can therefore serve as a novel perspective for future research in dimension reduction problems.