Accumulation of Sugars and Liquid in Apoplast of Fruit Flesh Result in Pineapple Translucency

Translucency is a recurring problem for pineapple industry. Translucent fruit contained more sucrose, glucose and fructose in apoplast than those in apoplast of normal fruit. There were more liquid in intercellular space of translucent fruit than that of normal flesh. The contents of alcohol and ethylene in translucent fruit were higher than those in normal fruit. Translucent fruit contained less calcium than normal fruit. Electrolyte leakage of translucent flesh was more than that of normal flesh. There were 205 proteins of which the expressions in translucent flesh were higher than those in normal flesh. Calcium-ions-binding protein EF-hand domain-containing protein, ethylene-synthesizing enzyme 1-aminpcyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, ROS-producing protein universal stress protein A-like protein were the top three proteins of which the expressions in translucent flesh were higher than those in normal fruit. When much sugar was transferred into fruit pulp and accumulated in intercellular space, water will be absorbed from cells around and translucence formed. The accumulation of sugar and liquid in apoplast were due to that cell wall and membrane were degraded, which was from being attacked by ROS. There might be more and larger pores in cell wall and membranes of translucent flesh. These data played foundations for researching methods for controlling pineapple translucency.

Sonographic markers for early diagnosis of fetal malformations

Fetal malformations are very frequent in industrialized countries.Although advanced maternal age may affect pregnancy outcome adversely,80%-90%of fetal malformations occur in the absence of a specific risk factor for parents.The only effective approach for prenatal screening is currently represented by an ultrasound scan.However,ultrasound methods present two important limitations:the substantial absence of quantitative parameters and the dependence on the sonographer experience.In recent years,together with the improvement in transducer technology,quantitative and objective sonographic markers highly predictive of fetal malformations have been developed.These markers can be detected at early gestation(11-14 wk)and generally are not pathological in themselves but have an increased incidence in abnormal fetuses.Thus,prenatal ultrasonography during the second trimester of gestation provides a"genetic sonogram",including,for instance,nuchal translucency,short humeral length,echogenic bowel,echogenic intracardiac focus and choroid plexus cyst,that is used to identify morphological features of fetal Down’s syndrome with a potential sensitivity of more than 90%.Other specific and sensitive markers can be seen in the case of cardiac defects and skeletal anomalies.In the future,sonographic markers could limit even more the use of invasive and dangerous techniques of prenatal diagnosis(amniocentesis,etc.).

Effect of Thermocycle Aging on Color Stability of Monolithic Zirconia

Background: The color stability of dental restorative materials is important for long-term clinical success. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of thermocycling on the color and translucency stability of monolithic zirconia. Materials and methods: A total of 80 disc-shaped specimens (1 cm diameter) were produced from monolithic zirconia material, Katana High Translucent (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Kurashiki, Japan). The specimens were prepared in four different thicknesses: 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm. Before thermocycling, color measurements of the specimens were made by a spectrophotometer (Spectro Shade TM MICRO;MHT Optic Research AG, Milan, Italy). After the thermal aging procedure, the color measurement was repeated. Data obtained from the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Results: After thermocycling, the L*, a*, b* values decreased at all thicknesses. The maximum change in the L*, a* and b* values was observed in 0.5-mm-thick specimens, while the least change was observed in 2-mm-thick specimens. The amount of color change in the specimens after thermocycling was found to be the highest in 0.5-mm-thick specimens (ΔE = 0.91 ± 0.02), and the lowest in 2-mm-thick specimens (ΔE = 0.85 ± 0.01). While a statistically significant color change (ΔE) was observed in 0.5-mm-thick specimens (p < 0.05), a statistically insignificant color change (ΔE) was observed (p > 0.05) in 1-mm, 1.5-mm, and 2-mm-thick specimens. After thermocycling, the translucency parameter (TP) values decreased at all thicknesses. The highest change in the TP values was observed in 0.5-mm-thickspecimens (1.09 ± 0.03), while the lowest change was observed in 2-mm-thickspecimens (0.40 ± 0.04). While a statistically significant change in the TP values was observed in 0.5-mm-thick specimens (p < 0.05), there was a statistically insignificant change in the TP values of 1-mm, 1.5-mm and 2-mm-thick specimens (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although the color and translucency values after thermocycling exhibited statistically significant changes in the 0.5 mm thickness group, a statistically significant difference was not observed in the other thickness groups.

Optimization of a novel three dimensional risk calculation model for software-based aneuploidy screening in early pregnancy

Introduction: A novel three dimensional approach for aneuploidy screening in the first trimester of pregnancy was developed in which risk assessment derives directly from comparing the plotted data of nuchal translucency, pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ-hCG) of an examined fetus with similar coordinates of fetuses with already known health status. Under this approach, it is possible to utilize either a ‘box’ or a ‘sphere’ model. In either case, optimal volume sizes and the benefits of adopting a ‘minimum number of required fetuses’ (MNR) have not yet been investigated;and for the box model, two modifications, called ‘empty box results positive’ (EB+) and ‘simulation’ (SIM), provide additional options. It was the aim of this study to analyze which of the two models and their variants provides the best test performance. Methods: The study cohort was divided into a reference collective (n = 10,954) and a test collective (n = 4239). The test collective was examined repeatedly, with another model and modification used on each occasion. Test performances were compared by the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: The sphere model was inferior to the box model when optimal volumes were used with the latter and combined with the modifications EB+ and Sim. EB+ increased the number of assessable fetuses while Sim improved the test performance. MNR improved neither the box nor the sphere model. Conclusion: A new, optimized model in line with the obtained results should be developed and tested in further studies.

Quality of Melon 'UFERSA-05 var.ACIDULUS and Pele de Sapo“Mabel”Minimally Processed,Kept in Different Packages

This study aimed at evaluating the quality of melon Pele de Sapo “Mabel” and Yellow melon “UFERSA-05” minimally processed preserved in different packages. The fruits were harvested at Mossoró-RN and transported to Serra Talhada-PE. In the first study, melon fruit Piel de Sapo “Mabel” was selected, washed, weighed, cooled, peeled, cut into cube shape, sanitized in chlorine solution, drained, packaged in rigid polypropylene tray, sealed with polypropylene film or polypropylene rigid cap and kept for 8 days at 8℃. In the second study, fruits of yellow melon “UFERSA-05” and Pele de Sapo “Mabel” were minimally processed and kept in rigid polypropylene tray, sealed with polypropylene film and stored for 8 days at 8℃. There was no significant interaction between packaging (sealed with film and polypropylene cover) and period of conservation, for pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and Loss of fresh mass (LFM) for Melon “Mabel”. While there was significant interaction between types of melon (“UFERSA-05” and “Mabel”) and storage period (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days) for pH, TTA and TSS. In sensory evaluation were noticeable changes in appearance, flavor, aroma and flesh firmness, characterized by translucency, alcoholic aroma and softening in “Mabel” melon kept in tray with lid. Melon “UFERSA-05” showed lower pH, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, PME activity, lack of translucency high flesh firmness compared to “Mabel” melon during storage. The high levels of sugars in melon “Mabel” may be related to the incidence of translucency, which was not observed in “UFERSA-05” melon, with a strong potential to minimal processing.

A Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence Marker to Detect Variation in Wx Locus Conditioning Translucent Endosperm in Rice

The translucent endosperm trait in a japonica rice variety ＇Kantou 194＇ is controlled by a Wx-mq gene which is allelic to Wx locus by genetic analysis and allelic test. The amylose content analysis showed that an intermediate amylose content between those of glutinous and non-glutinous rice existed in endosperm of homozygous Wx-mq genotype. The slight changes of amylose content in different varieties and F1 grains with an identical Wx-mq genotype might be influenced by dissimilar genetic background. To identify the Wx-mq genotype simply and rapidly, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence （CAPS） marker was designed. The result from the molecular detection indicated that it could be used for marker-assisted selection for low amylose content varieties in rice breeding.

Transferring Translucent Endosperm Mutant Gene Wx-mq and Rice Stripe Disease Resistance Gene Stv-bi by Marker-Assisted Selection in Rice (Oryza sativa)

A high-yielding japonica rice variety, Wuyunjing 7, bred in Jiangsu Province, China as a female parent was crossed with a Japanese rice variety Kantou 194, which carries a rice stripe disease resistance gene Stv-b＇ and a translucent endosperm mutant gene Wx-mq. From F2 generations, a sequence characterized amplified region （SCAR） marker tightly linked with Stv-b＇ and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence （CAPS） marker for Wx-mq were used for marker-assisted selection. Finally, a new japonica rice line, Ning 9108, with excellent agronomic traits was obtained by multi-generational selection on stripe disease resistance and endosperm appearance. The utilization of the markers from genes related to rice quality and disease resistance was helpful not only for establishing a marker-assisted selection system of high-quality and disease resistance for rice but also for providing important intermediate materials and rapid selection method for good quality, disease resistance and high yield in rice breeding.

Preparation of MgF_2 Translucent Ceramic by Hot Pressing Sintering

The aim of this work was to prepare MgF2 translucent ceramic by using nanopowders as raw materials and to study its properties.The MgF2 nanopowders were prepared using chemical precipitation and the translucent ceramics were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering in a vacuum environment. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the powders were homogeneous with an average particles size about 13 nm. By comparing the results of transmission electron microscopy, it could be concluded that the porous structure of precursor powders could be improved by calcination. The SEM images of MgF2 indicated that the as-prepared ceramics were well densified at 900 ℃. The photo of the ceramic sample showed that high translucence is a main breakthrough in the field of MgF2 materials preparation. For the translucent ceramic sample sintered at 900 ℃, the Viekers hardness and density were 5.55 GPa and 98.74%, respectively, and its highest transmittance with thickness of lmm reached 87% in the wavelength from 2.5 lain to 10 btm, all which made it advantageous to be a kind of infrared windows and dome materials.

Positive selection analysis reveals the deep-sea adaptation of a hadal sea cucumber ( Paelopatides sp.) to the Mariana Trench

The Mariana Trench,the deepest trench on the earth,is ideal for deep-sea adaptation research due to its unique characters,such as the highest hydrostatic pressure on the Earth,constant ice-cold temperature,and eternal darkness.In this study,tissues of a the hadal holothurian(Paelopatides sp.)were fi xed with RNA later in situ at~6501-m depth in the Mariana Trench,which,to our knowledge,is the deepest in-situ fi xed animal sample.A high-quality transcript was obtained by de-novo transcriptome assembly.A maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the single copy orthologs across nine species with their available omics data.To investigate deep-sea adaptation,113 positively selected genes(PSGs)were identifi ed in Paelopatides sp.Some PSGs such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)may contribute to the distinct phenotype of Paelopatides sp.,including its translucent white body and degenerated ossicles.At least eight PSGs(transcription factor 7-like 2[TCF7L2],ETS-related transcription factor Elf-2-like[ELF2],PERQ amino acid-rich with GYF domain-containing protein[GIGYF],cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a,[COX7A],type I thyroxine 5′-deiodinase[DIO1],translation factor GUF1[GUF1],SWI/SNF related-matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily C and subfamily E,member 1[SMARCC]and[SMARCE1])might be related to cold adaptation.In addition,at least nine PSGs(cell cycle checkpoint control protein[RAD9A],replication factor A3[RPA3],DNA-directed RNA polymerases I/II/III subunit RPABC1[POLR2E],putative TAR DNA-binding protein 43 isoform X2[TARDBP],ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M1[RRM1],putative serine/threonine-protein kinase[SMG1],transcriptional regulator[ATRX],alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 6[ALKBH6],and PLAC8 motif-containing protein[PLAC8])may facilitate the repair of DNA damage induced by the high hydrostatic pressure,coldness,and high concentration of cadmium in the upper Mariana Trench.

A Novel Optical Control Plane for Switching an Electro-Optical Hybrid Node in Translucent WDM Optical Networks

In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importance. However, current generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol suite does not consider the distribution of regenerator and AOWC availability information to all the network nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel optical control plane (OCP) architecture that 1) disseminates information about network components (i.e. regenerators and AOWCs) to all the network nodes, and 2) evaluates candidate routes which use fewest amounts of network components. Performance of the proposed OCP is compared with a recently proposed hybrid OCP approach in terms of blocking performance, number of deployed components and lightpath establishment setup times. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed OCP approach demonstrates low connection blocking and establishes lightpaths by 1) minimizing the overall network cost owing to the deployment of minimum total number of network components, and 2) demonstrating acceptable lightpath establishment setup times at all traffic loads. Further, the proposed OCP methodology is compatible and suitable for controlling the operations of a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node which is a latency efficient technology capable of delivering a cost effective implementation suitable for large scale deployment.

A Novel Offline PLI-RWA and Hybrid Node Architecture for Zero Blocking and Time Delay Reduction in Translucent Optical WDM Networks

In this paper, we contrive a model that underpins the offline Physical Layer Impairment-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) issue in translucent networks. We introduce an innovative PLI-Signal Quality Aware RWA (PLI-SQARWA) algorithm that (a) guarantees zero blocking due to signal degradation and wavelength contention and (b) aims at minimizing the total required number of network components i.e. regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs). Further, in view of reducing the time delay due to optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions, we propose a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node architecture. We show that PLI-SQARWA outperforms a recent heuristic for RWA and regenerator placement (RP) in terms of capital expenditure (CapEx) and time delay;while demonstrating superior blocking performance at all traffic loads. In addition, at high traffic loads, PLI-SQARWA also starts to provision savings on operational expenditure (OpEx). We proceed to the performance comparison of network equipped with the proposed hybrid node and existing translucent and transparent node architectures. The results clearly show that use of the hybrid node incurs less time delay at a similar blocking performance shown by nodes which use OEO conversion for both, regeneration and/or wavelength conversion. The results presented also highlight the significance of equipping the PLI-RWA routing phase with signal quality awareness in order to reduce the network component count and the use of AOWCs to minimize time delay due to OEO conversions.

Modification and Development of a Blow Molding Machine

This study is based on the modification and development of a two-liter plastic container blow molding machine into a five-liter one provided with a translucent view stripe. This study considers some objectives including reducing the total cost, increasing the amount of plastic recovery, and raising the desired plastic materials. Proper designs were prepared and directly applied on spot. Tangible results were obtained. Among others, the modification of some components of the machine, e.g. the extruder, has led to the possible reuse of the milled (recovery) and extra material from the manufacturing processes. That was also conducive to an effective reduction in the cost of production to 50% in some cases. Prior to its modification, this old machine was used to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers that have become prohibited these days for their damaging effect on man’s life. For now, and after modification, it has become possible to use High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material, a fact that has improved labor conditions, too.

真实感与新鲜感——用Shader的组合表现

下面，我们利用Maya的Shader对场景中的Translucent效果进行逼真的再现。

轻松玩转“半透明”——Translucent？

看起来并不透明的物体，可以通过内部光线的折射表现出对光的透视效果。*Translucent近来受到了大家广泛的关注，已经成为了CG制作中不可缺少的细节要素之一。希望大家能够通过这次介绍，在一定程度上理解并能熟练掌握它。

昆虫的质感——具有透明感的身体

这次，我们以昆虫为本次作品的主题，利用final Render Stage 1来表现Translucent效果。下面就具体介绍Translucent质感的甲虫的制作过程。

清爽的场景——光的控制及表现

下面，我们利用LightWave 3D来表现真实的Translucent效果。

“Ice Jade”from Guatemala

Jadeite jade,also called Feicui in China,is the most popular jade variety and one of the best selling gems in China.Colour and transparency are the primary quality factors that determine the value of Feicui.Jadeite jade is a polycrystalline aggregate,primarily consisting of jadeite(NaAlSi2O6) and including accessory minerals such as omphacite,albite,amphibole,and chromite[1-2].Gem-quality Feicui material is only found in a few countries,namely Myanmar,Guatemala,Russia,Kazakhstan,and Japan[3-5].Myanmar is the traditional and most important producer of gem-quality jadeite jade,while Guatemala has become the second-largest producer[6]. "Ice jade" is a translucent variety of jadeite jade(also known as Feicui) that is generally of high value.Reportedly from the Morales mine in the Izabal Department of Guatemala,it has recently appeared in the Chinese jewelry market.In this study,the structural characteristics,mineral compositions,and colour genesis of Guatemalan "ice jade" were studied using UV-Vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,electron probe microanalysis,scanning electron microscopy,and cathodoluminescence. "Ice jade" from the Morales mine in Guatemala is composed of almost pure jadeite,containing very small amounts of accessory minerals,including omphacite and albite.The omphacite grains are often nearly colourless and not easily observed,while the albite grains cluster as white snowflake-like inclusions or dispersed as small specks.The "ice jade" exhibits a fine-grained structure,occasionally coexisting with a micro-granular structure.The relatively pure chemical compositions of sodium pyroxene accompany with a fine texture produced a transparent to semi-transparent and near-colourless appearance.A small amount of dispersed fine-grained omphacite is considered the cause of the pale green colour in "ice jade" from Guatemala.The Guatemalan origin can be determined from its characteristic appearance,microstructure,accessory minerals,and chemical compositions.

Functional characterization of Bmcap in uric acid metabolism in the silkworm

After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)as the homolog of cappuccino,a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1(BLOC-1)that has been extensively characterized in human,mouse,and insect species,by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes.Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system,we disrupted Bmcap,resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype.In the Bmcap mutant,the purine metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type.Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles(LROs)in platelets,melanocytes,and megakaryocytes.LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells.Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms,and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.

S0N0NT检测早孕期双胎妊娠NT合并胎儿染色体异常产前诊断的价值

目的探讨S0N0NT检测早孕期双胎妊娠胎儿NT筛查染色体异常的研究。方法选择2015年1月至2016年4月本院及协作医院孕11~13+6w双胎早孕,应用自动颈后透明层厚度测量(Sonography-based Nuchal Translucency)S0N0NT检测早孕期双胎妊娠胎儿NT筛查染色体异常,对发现的双胎妊娠胎儿NT增厚者,进行绒毛活检术或羊膜腔穿刺术行染色体检查,确诊染色体异常的胎儿在超声引导下行选择性减胎术治疗,并对妊娠结局进行跟踪分析。结果 10例NT增厚,4例染色体异常,分别为21-三体综合征2例,1例Turner综合征,1例染色体微缺。另6例患者在早中期超声复查中,发现其中3胎儿结构异常,分别为颈部淋巴管囊肿、心脏异常、全身水肿等。10例患者中4例染色体异常患者行选择性减胎。3例足月分娩,新生儿均未见异常。结论双胎妊娠应注重早孕期染色体筛查,确诊宫内胎儿染色体异常的患者可在超声引导下行选择性减胎术治疗,而对早中期超声检查发现其中的三胎儿结构异常者,根据父母意愿,选择妊娠去留,为临床及孕妇提供客观的诊断依据。