Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine inhibits growth of nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor of human PC-3 pancreatic cancer cell

Objective:To study the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer treatment with Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine by investigating the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2, Bax and VEGF in pancreatic cancer cells.Methods:Nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of Human PC-3 pancreatic cancer was established; the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and VEGF of transplantation tumor cell were determined; the earlier apoptosis rate of pancreatic cancer cell and the gross tumor volume were determined. Results:Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine remarkably decreased the protein expression of bcl-2,raised the expression of Bax,increased the apoptosis rate of the pancreatic cancer and contract the gross tumor volume. Kanglaite greatly decreased the protein expression of VEGF of the tumor cell. Conclusion:Therapeutic efficacy of Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine is far better than separate use of the two medicines in the pancreatic cancer transplantation tumor treatment.

Effects of epidermal growth factor on the growth of human gastric cancer cell and the implanted tumor of nude mice

AIM: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal tissue growth and development, and it can stimulate epithelial proliferation, cell differentiation and growth. It has been established that the EGF can promote gastric cytoprotection and ulcer healing. But the potential ability of EGF to regulate the gastric cancer growth is unknown. This study is to investigate the influence of EGF on human gastric cancer cell and the implanted tumor growth of nude mice. METHODS: The cell growth rates of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines MKN-28, MKN-45, SGC-7901 and normal human gastric epithelial cells 3T3 were assessed when incubated with recombinant human EGF (rhEGF, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10, 50, 100 mg.L(-1)) using MTT method. The cells of MKN-28, MKN-45, SGC-7901 (gastric cancer tissue 1.5mm(3)) were implanted in the BALB/cA nude mice for 10 days.The EGF was given intraperitoneally (15, 30, 60 microg.kg(-1)) for 3 weeks. The body weights of the tumor-bearing animals and their tumor mass were measured afterwards to assess the mitogenic effect of rhEGF in the nude mice. RESULTS: Within the concentration range of 0.05-100mg.L(-1), rhEGF could increase the cell growth of normal 3T3 cells (cell growth rate 100% vs 102.8%, P【0.05), but partially restrain the gastric cancer cell growth. The latter effect was related to cell differentiation. In 15-60 microg/kg rhEGF groups, the mean implanted tumor mass of MKN-28 cell were 1.75 g, 1.91 g, 2.08 g/NS group 1.97 g (P】0.05), the mean tumor mass of SGC-7901 cell were 1.53 g, 1.07 g, 1.20 g/NS group 1.07 g (P】0.05), and for MKN-45 cell, the tumor mass were respectively 1.92 g, 1.29 g, 1.77 /NS group 1.82 g (P】0.05). So rhEGF had no obvious effect on implanted MKN-28, SGC-7901 and MKN-45 tumor growth. CONCLUSION: EGF has no stimulating effect on the human gastric cancer cell growth neither in vitro nor in vivo.

Total Saponins of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem Leaves （TSAESL） Inhibits Tumor Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via activating MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Aim Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem is a medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. Several trier- pene saponins extracted from the leaves of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem possess potent cytotoxic activity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In the present study, we examined the anti-tumor activity of total saponins of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem leaves （TSAESL） using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Briefly, TSAESL significantly inhibited the proliferation of five human cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TSAESL also in- creased the expression level of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In addition, TSAESL dramatically activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with the ERK1/2 in- hibitor U0126, p38 inhibitor SB203580, or JNK inhibitor SP600125 prior to TSAESL exposure markedly attenuated TSAESL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografl, TSAESL markedly inhib- ited tumor growth without significantly affecting spleen coefficient and hematological parameters. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that TSAESL has anti-tumor effect via activating the MAPK-mediated signaling path- ways.

EFFECTS OF PSEUDOFYPE RETROVIRUS CONTAINING HUMAN N-RAS ANTISENSE GENE ON THE GROWTH OF HUMAN LIVER CANCER LTNM4 TRANSPLANTED IN NUDE MICE

An amphotropic pseudotype retrovirus containing human N-ras antisense gene was constructed and packaged with helper cells. It has been previously demonstrated that the virus did inhibit the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC PRF/5 in vitro accompanied with the blockage of p21 expression. Based on these results, further study was carried on to examine the effect of these viruses on the growth of human hepatoma transplanted LTNM4 in nude mice. It has been shown that the retrovirus containing human antisense N-ras gene could inhibit the hepatoma in nude mice at a rate of 78% (P<0.05) as compared with saline control. No inhibition was observed in group treated with retrovirus which contained no N-ras sequence. These results in vivo lend further support that human N-ras antisense gene mediated by retrovirus could block the expression of the relevant oncogene and lead to the inhibition of cancer growth. It also provided the basis for further approaches of gene therapy for human cancer.

Antitumor activities of human autologous cytokineinduced killer(CIK)cells against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To characterize the anticancer function of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) and develop an adoptive immunotherapy for the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we evaluated the proliferation rate, phenotype and the antitumor activity of human CIK cells from healthy donors and HCC patients in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and patients with primary HCC were incubated in vitro and induced into CIK cells in the presence of various cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2 and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3. The phenotype and characterization of CIK cells were identified by flow cytometric analysis. The cytotoxicity of CIK cells was determined by (51)Cr release assay. RESULTS: The CIK cells were shown to be a heterogeneous population with different cellular phenotypes. The percentage of CD3+/CD56+ positive cells, the dominant effector cells, in total CIK cells from healthy donors and HCC patients, significantly increased from 0.1-0.13% at day 0 to 19.0-20.5% at day 21 incubation, which suggested that the CD3+ CD56+ positive cells proliferated faster than other cell populations of CIK cells in the protocol used in this study. After 28 day in vitro incubation, the CIK cells from patients with HCC and healthy donors increased by more than 300-fold and 500-fold in proliferation cell number, respectively. CIK cells originated from HCC patients possessed a higher in vitro antitumor cytotoxic activity on autologous HCC cells than the autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and PBMC cells. In in vivo animal experiment, CIK cells had stronger effects on the inhibition of tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice bearing BEL-7402-producing tumor than LAK cells (mean inhibitory rate, 84.7% vs 52.8%, P【0.05) or PBMC (mean inhibitory rate, 84.7% vs 37.1%, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Autologous CIK cells are of highly efficient cytotoxic effector cells against primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and might serve as an alternative adoptive therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.

Antihepatoma effect of alpha-fetoprotein antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides in vitro and in mice

AIM: To evaluate antihepatoma effect of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (S-ODNs) targeted to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes in vitro and in nude mice. METHODS: AFP gene expression was examined by immunocytochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effect of S-ODNs on SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cell growth in vitro was determined using microculture tetrazolium assay. In vitro antitumor activities of S-ODNs were monitored by measuring tumor weight differences in treated and control mice bearing SMMC-7721 xenografts. Induction of cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. RESULTS: Antisense S-ODN treatment led to reduced AFP gene expression. Specific antisense S-ODNs, but not control S-ODNs, inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. In vitro, only antisense S-ODNs exhibited obvious antitumor activities. FACS analysis revealed that the growth inhibition by antisense S-ODNs was associated with their cell apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION: Antisense S-ODNs targeted to AFP genes inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cells and solid hepatoma, which is related to their cell apoptosis induction.

World’s First Myoblast Treatment of Human Cancer Found Safe and Efficacious

Evolution of placental mammals over the past 160 million years witnesses the relative sparing of muscles from cancer attacks. In 1) nude mice with human gastrointestinal or lung tumors, and 2) human subjects with liver, lung or gastrointestinal tumors, intra-tumor implantation of allogeneic human myoblasts induced cancer apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis and tumor growth. We postulate four mechanisms of cancer apoptosis: a) myoblasts releasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α);b) deprivation of nutrients and oxygen;c) local inflammatory and immunologic attacks;and d) prevention from metastasis. These basic and clinical studies demonstrated preliminary safety and efficacy of intra-tumor myoblast implantation in the development of prevention and treatment for cancer, now the number one disease killer of mankind.

Transcription factor EGR-1 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines

AIM: The transcription factor EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and development. It has identified that EGR-1 has significant transformation suppression activity in some neoplasms, such as fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma. This experiment was designed to investigate the role of egr-1 in the cancerous process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC), and then to appraise the effects of EGR-1 on the growth of these tumor cells. METHODS: Firstly, the transcription and expression of egr-1 in HCC and EC, paracancerous tissues and their normal counterpart parts were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, with normal human breast and mouse brain tissues as positive controls. Egr-1 gene was then transfected into HCC (HHCC, SMMC7721) and EC (ECa109) cell lines in which no egr-1 transcription and expression were present. The cell growth speed, FCM cell cycle, plate clone formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice were observed and the controls were the cell lines transfected with vector only. RESULTS: Little or no egr-1 transcription and expression were detected in HCC, EC and normal liver tissues. The expression of egr-1 were found higher in hepatocellular paracancerous tissue (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.143, probably because fewer in number of cases) and dysplastic tissue of esophageal cancer (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.001). The growth rate of egr-1-transfected HHCC (HCC cell line) cells and ECa109 (EC cell line) cells was much slower than that of the controls. The proportion of S phase cell, clone formation and tumorigenicity were significantly lower than these of the controls' (decreased 45.5% in HHCC cells and 34.1% in ECa109 cells; 46.6% and 41.8%; 80.4% and 72.6% respectively). There were no obvious differences between SMMC7721 (HCC) egr-1-transfected cells and the controls with regard to the above items. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of egr-1 might play a role in the dysregulation of normal growth in the cancerous process of HCC and EC. Egr-1 gene of transfected HHCC and ECa109 cells showed obvious suppression of the cell growth and malignant phenotypes, but no suppression in SMMC7721 (HCC cell line) cells.

Human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate spontaneous metastasis, micrometastasis and genetic stability in human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. METHODS: Intact tissue from surgical specimens from breast carcinoma patients was xenografted into nude mice and transplanted from generation to generation. Cells from the xenografts were cultured in vitro and retransplanted into nude mice. Microsatellite DNA in the genome of human breast carcinomas, xenotransplanted tumors and metastases in nude mice were analyzed at three microsatellite loci. RESULTS: The tumorigenicity of orthotopic xenotransplantation was 88.6% (31/35), with a metastatic rate of 41.9% (13/31). Cells from xenotransplants were successfully cultured in vitro. The taking rate of retransplantation into nude mice and the spontaneous lung metastasis rate were both 100% (10/10). Microsatellite DNA sequences in the genome of xenotransplanted tumors and metastases in nude mice were identical with that of the original human breast carcinoma at three microsatellite loci. CONCLUSIONS: Tumorigenicity and metastatic potential can be improved in human breast carcinoma xenografts using intact fresh tumor tissue and orthotopic grafts. Xenotransplanted tumors and tumors after serial passage maintained the genetic stability. The detection of microsatellite DNA may identify micrometastases in a nude mouse model.

超声造影评估裸鼠食管癌移植瘤血管生成情况的实验研究

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)对裸鼠食管癌移植瘤血管生成情况的评估价值。方法选取18只裸鼠,于其背部皮下注射人食管癌细胞株建立食管癌移植瘤模型,分别于移植后4、6、8周均随机选取6只裸鼠,先应用二维超声观察移植瘤回声、形态和边界,再行CEUS检查并获取时间-强度曲线(TIC)。然后处死所有裸鼠,使用HE染色观察移植瘤细胞结构和组织形态,免疫组化观察移植瘤组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达和微血管密度(MVD),比较移植后不同时间移植瘤CEUS表现、TIC定量参数及病理学检查结果的差异。Pearson相关分析法分析TIC定量参数与VEGF蛋白表达、MVD的相关性。结果所有裸鼠食管癌移植瘤模型均成功建立,未出现死亡。移植后4周,移植瘤二维超声表现为类椭圆形低回声肿块,边界清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部呈均匀增强;移植后6周,移植瘤二维超声表现为肿块边界欠清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部呈不均匀高增强;移植后8周,移植瘤二维超声表现为肿块边界不清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部出现灌注缺损。移植后4、6、8周移植瘤峰值强度(PI)、曲线下流入面积(AWI)及曲线下流出面积(AWO)比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与移植后4周比较,移植后6、8周移植瘤PI、AWI和AWO均升高(均P<0.05);与移植后6周比较,移植后8周移植瘤PI和AWO均升高(均P<0.05)。HE染色显示,移植后4周移植瘤见角化珠且细胞间见细胞间桥;移植后6周移植瘤角化珠和细胞间桥均稍减少,毛细血管增多;移植后8周,移植瘤角化珠和细胞间桥均明显减少,毛细血管增多,可见病理性核裂变。免疫组化显示,移植后4、6、8周MVD和VEGF蛋白表达比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与移植后4周比较,移植后6、8周移植瘤MVD均升高,移植后8周移植瘤VEGF蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,移植瘤PI、AWI、AWO与MVD、VEGF蛋白表达均呈正相关(均P<0.001)。结论CEUS能够有效观察裸鼠食管癌移植瘤内部血流灌注情况,TIC定量参数PI、AWI、AWO随着移植瘤的生长而逐渐升高,其与移植瘤MVD、VEGF蛋白表达均呈正相关,可以较好地评估移植瘤血管生成情况。

灵菌红素对耐阿霉素人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR的作用研究

目的探讨灵菌红素对耐阿霉素人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR的作用。方法采用平板发酵粘质沙雷氏菌WA12-1-18生产灵菌红素,CCK-8测定灵菌红素的体外活性及MCF-7/ADR的耐药指数。构建裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,灵菌红素高、低剂量组分别腹腔注射5.0、2.5 mg/kg灵菌红素,生理盐水对照位腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,每4天1次,连续用药24 d,观察移植瘤的体积、质量及裸鼠体质量,HE染色观察移植瘤组织及裸鼠主要脏器的病理情况,免疫组织化学检测移植瘤Ki-67的表达。结果获得的灵菌红素质量分数为95.18%,对MCF-7和MCF-7/ADR的IC50分别为0.484μg/mL和0.264μg/mL。MCF-7/ADR耐药指数13,符合细胞耐药株的要求。灵菌红素处理组裸鼠移植瘤增长速度较生理盐水组慢,肿瘤细胞排列稀疏,核小且着色较浅,Ki-67染色后棕色明显减少。灵菌红素2.5 mg/kg组和灵菌红素5 mg/kg组,在荷MCF-7/ADR裸鼠中抑瘤率分别为37.23%和53.72%。另外,各组裸鼠体质量差异无统计学意义,主要脏器无明显病理变化。结论灵菌红素可抑制裸鼠体内耐阿霉素人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR的生长,对心、肝、脾、肺和肾等主要脏器无明显毒副作用,为灵菌红素在耐阿霉素乳腺癌的临床应用提供了实验依据。

基质金属蛋白酶12在胃癌组织、细胞中的表达及对裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响实验研究

目的:观察基质金属蛋白酶12(MMP-12)在胃癌组织和胃癌细胞株SGC-7901中的表达及对裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法:收集胃癌患者42例,手术后留取肿瘤组织和距肿瘤边缘>3 cm的正常胃黏膜组织,应用免疫组化EnVision法检测MMP-12的表达。合成sh-MMP12质粒,应用慢病毒载体转染胃癌细胞株SGC-7901,设为sh-MMP12组,同时设立未行任何干预的细胞为空白对照组(NC组),应用Western blot法检测MMP-12和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白的表达,应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测MMP-12和PCNA mRNA的表达。选择4~5周龄的BALB/C雌性裸鼠5只,分别将sh-MMP12组和NC组细胞悬液注射于同一只裸鼠的左右两侧腋下(左侧为sh-MMP12组,右侧为NC组),间隔7 d测量并记录肿瘤体积,28 d后处死小鼠对瘤体称重。结果:免疫组化结果显示,胃癌组织MMP-12阳性率高于正常胃黏膜组织,胃癌组织MMP-12和PCNA表达呈正相关(均P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,sh-MMP12组MMP-12和PCNA蛋白表达量于NC组(均P<0.05)。RT-qPCR结果显示,sh-MMP12组MMP-12和PCNA mRNA表达量低于NC组(均P<0.05)。裸鼠移植瘤实验结果显示,sh-MMP 12组肿瘤体积在7、14 d时与NC组比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05),而在21、28 d时与NC组比较明显缩小(均P<0.05);28 d后,sh-MMP12组腋下肿瘤重量低于NC组(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌组织和细胞株SGC-7901中MMP-12表达升高,抑制MMP-12可减缓裸鼠移植瘤生长。

E1A基因对裸鼠移植瘤细胞凋亡及Survivin、Caspase-3基因表达的影响

目的探讨E1A基因对裸鼠移植瘤肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响及其相关作用机制。方法采用免疫组织化学染色检测E1A基因对裸鼠移植瘤肿瘤细胞凋亡及Survivin基因和Caspase-3基因表达的影响。结果免疫组织化学染色显示:E1A基因组肿瘤细胞凋亡数量较多,Caspase-3基因呈高表达,Survivin基因表达较弱;而Hela和Hela-vect组肿瘤细胞凋亡数量较少,Survivin基因呈高表达,Caspase-3基因表达较弱。结论E1A基因能够明显促进裸鼠移植瘤肿瘤细胞的凋亡,该作用可能与E1A基因激活Caspase-3基因和抑制Survivin基因的表达有关。

壮药白花蛇舌草水提物对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制及免疫调节作用研究

目的观察白花蛇舌草水提物对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制及免疫调节作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法取6只正常BALB/c-nu雌性裸鼠作为正常组;取30只BALB/c-nu雌性裸鼠复制MDA-MB-231乳腺癌移植瘤模型,将造模成功裸鼠随机分为模型组、环磷酰胺组及白花蛇舌草水提物低、高剂量组,每组6只。环磷酰胺组给予环磷酰胺25 mg/kg腹腔注射,每7 d注射1次;白花蛇舌草水提物低、高剂量组分别按照1500 mg/(kg·d)、6000 mg/(kg·d)灌胃白花蛇舌草水提物溶液,正常组和模型组灌胃等体积灭菌注射用水,均1次/d。各组均连续干预21 d,监测裸鼠活动状况,每间隔2 d测量1次肿瘤大小。干预结束后,测量体重、瘤重与脾重,计算脾脏指数、抑瘤率;HE染色观察移植瘤的病理学形态;脾淋巴细胞增殖试验评价脾脏中T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖能力;血液分析仪测定外周血中白细胞数目和淋巴细胞占比;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;Western blot法测定模型组和白花蛇舌草水提物低、高剂量组裸鼠肿瘤组织中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白[B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2蛋白(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-7(Caspase-7)、半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)]表达情况。结果与正常组比较,模型组裸鼠脾脏指数、外周血中白细胞数量均明显升高(P均<0.05),脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力指数、外周血淋巴细胞占比及血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平均明显降低(P均<0.05);肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞密集丰富排列无序,肿瘤细胞异型性明显。与模型组比较,白花蛇舌草水提物高、低剂量组裸鼠脾脏指数、脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力指数、外周血淋巴细胞占比及血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P均<0.05),瘤重、外周血中白细胞数量均明显降低(P均<0.05);肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞数目大量减少,细胞凋亡,组织结构破损;肿瘤组织中p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt、mTOR、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05),Bax、Caspase-7、Caspase-9蛋白相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05)。环磷酰胺组裸鼠脾脏指数、瘤重、脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力指数、外周血白细胞数量和淋巴细胞占比均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05);肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞数量明显减少。结论白花蛇舌草水提物可显著抑制MDA-MB-231乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长,诱导乳腺癌细胞发生凋亡,增强移植瘤裸鼠免疫功能,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路激活,下调凋亡相关蛋白表达、上调促凋亡蛋白表达相关。

二氢杨梅素对裸鼠腹腔移植人胃癌细胞中Caveolin-1表达的影响

目的观察二氢杨梅素(DMY)对裸鼠腹腔移植人胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用及对腹腔瘤组织中Caveolin-1表达的影响。方法复制人胃癌腹腔移植的裸鼠模型。将复模成功的24只裸鼠随机分为4组,即移植瘤模型组,DMY低、中及高剂量处理组。分别观察荷瘤裸鼠的腹腔移植瘤的生长和成瘤情况,测量肿瘤的重量、长短径并计算肿瘤的体积。采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot检测人胃癌腹腔移植瘤腹腔瘤体中Caveolin-1和Ki67的表达。结果与移植瘤模型组比较,100和200 mg/(kg·d)DMY中、高剂量组腹腔移植瘤成瘤个数,腹腔瘤体的重量及腹腔瘤体的体积均降低,呈现剂量依赖性(P<0.05),裸鼠的食欲、活动情况和精神状态等一般情况改善。与移植瘤模型组比较,100和200 mg/(kg·d)DMY中、高剂量组腹腔移植瘤体表达Caveolin-1的阳性细胞百分率和Caveolin-1的蛋白表达水平均增加,呈现剂量依赖性(P<0.05);而Ki67的阳性细胞百分率和Caveolin-1的蛋白表达水平均降低,也呈现剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论二氢杨梅素以剂量依赖的方式抑制人胃癌腹腔移植瘤的生长,其作用机制可能与上调Caveolin-1的表达有关。

橄榄苦苷调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对裸鼠子宫颈癌移植瘤生长的作用

目的探讨橄榄苦苷对裸鼠子宫颈癌移植瘤生长的作用及对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的调控。方法将成功建立的24只子宫颈癌裸鼠随机分为实验组、阳性对照组和模型组,每组8只,实验组腹腔注射10 mg·mL^-1橄榄苦苷溶液100μL,阳性对照组腹腔注射顺铂2 mg·kg^-1,模型组腹腔注射90%NaCL+10%二甲基亚砜溶液(DMSO)混合液100μL,每日1次,连续给药30 d。观察各组裸鼠移植瘤生长情况,计算肿瘤抑瘤率;TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织细胞凋亡情况,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中Wnt/β-catenin通路蛋白表达情况。结果实验组和阳性对照组皮下移植瘤生长速度较模型组减缓;药物干预后第15d,实验组和阳性对照组裸鼠移植瘤体积均小于模型组(P均<0.01)。药物干预结束后,实验组和阳性对照组裸鼠移植瘤质量均低于模型组(P均<0.01),其中实验组和阳性对照组的抑瘤率分别为(52.47±3.16)%,(49.81±5.26)%,且两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TUNEL细胞凋亡检测,实验组和阳性对照组裸鼠移植瘤组织细胞凋亡指数分别为(8.26±0.36)%和(7.26±0.54)%,均高于模型组(3.69±0.52)%(P均<0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示,与模型组比较,实验组和阳性对照组Wnt1蛋白相对表达量均升高,c-Myc、β-catenin、Axin2蛋白相对表达量均降低(P均<0.01)。结论橄榄苦苷可通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制裸鼠子宫颈癌移植瘤生长,促进移植瘤组织细胞凋亡。

滋阴补脾方对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用机制研究

目的:探讨滋阴补脾方对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用机制。方法:4周龄BALB/c雌性裸鼠20只,制备人结肠癌裸鼠模型,按照随机数字表法分随机分为4组,每组5只。对照组注射等量生理盐水,化疗药物组腹腔注射氟尿嘧啶,中成药组灌胃中药汤剂10 mL,联合用药组:每只裸鼠腹腔注射氟尿嘧啶联合灌胃中药汤剂。1次/d,均连续应用4 d,至第14天处死动物收集标本。测量各组肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积和体积抑瘤率;采用蛋白质印迹法测定CD113、CD116和P53蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,化疗药物组、中成药组和联合用药组肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积、CD113和CD116表达明显降低,肿瘤体积抑瘤率和P53表达明显升高(P<0.05);化疗药物组和联合用药组肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积、CD113和CD116表达低于中成药组,肿瘤体积抑瘤率和P53表达高于中成药组(P<0.05);联合用药组肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积、CD113和CD116表达低于化疗药物组,肿瘤体积抑瘤率和P53表达高于化疗药物组(P<0.05)。结论:滋阴补脾法可抑制人结肠癌HT29裸鼠移植瘤生长,认为其机制可能与下调CD113和CD116表达及上调P53表达有关。

新城疫病毒作用下卵巢癌裸鼠移植瘤Survivin、Caspase-3的表达

目的研究新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)对卵巢癌裸鼠移植瘤Survivin、Caspase-3表达的影响。方法①细胞培养:人卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3细胞的培养;②建立裸鼠移植瘤模型;③实验分组:分为实验组与对照组,实验组为肿瘤内注射NDV病毒抗卵巢癌;④应用免疫组化SP法观察Survivin、Caspase-3的表达。结果 Survivin表达实验组与对照组均为阳性,实验组明显弱于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);Caspase-3表达实验组均为阳性,对照组1例表达,实验组明显强于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 NDV可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制其生长;其机制可能通过激活Caspase-3凋亡,抑制Survivin抗调亡作用。

圣草酚通过miR-128-3p/MAPK轴对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的圣草酚是一种重要的类黄酮,普遍存在于植物界,但少有对圣草酚的抗癌活性的报道。该研究旨在探究其对人乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)的抗癌潜力及可能的机制。方法体外培养人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人乳腺上皮细胞FR2,通过MTT法检测圣草酚诱导的初始细胞毒性。再次培养MCF-7细胞,MTT法和集落形成实验评估圣草酚对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术评估圣草酚对MCF-7细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)的作用;RT-qPCR和Western Blot法检测miR-128-3p和MAPK相关基因(p38 MAPK和HSP27)在圣草酚发挥抗癌功能中的作用。裸鼠体内异种移植模型中分析圣草酚对肿瘤生长的作用,TUNEL法检测圣草酚对细胞凋亡的影响。结果当圣草酚浓度超过12.5μmol·L^(-1)时,MCF-7细胞活力随着圣草酚浓度的增高而逐渐降低(P<0.05);圣草酚干预后,MCF-7细胞活力、集落形成数量和MMP均下调,细胞凋亡率增高(P<0.05);细胞中miR-128-3p水平增高,p38 MAPK和HSP27磷酸化水平均降低(P<0.05)。转染miR-128-3p抑制物在一定程度上可以逆转圣草酚对MCF-7细胞的影响(P<0.05);在转染miR-128-3p抑制物的基础上添加MAPK通路抑制剂可以削弱这种逆转作用(P<0.05)。此外,裸鼠体内异种移植模型实验证明了圣草酚可呈剂量依赖性降低裸鼠肿瘤组织生长,促进细胞凋亡(P<0.05)。结论圣草酚可有效抑制人乳腺癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,这可能与其调控miR-128-3p/MAPK轴有关。

中药复方WCAP及拆方对人胰腺癌皮下移植瘤裸小鼠模型及IL⁃6/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的观察中药复方WCAP及其拆方对人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞裸小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及对白介素-6/信号转导和转录激活因子3(IL-6/STAT3)信号通路的影响。方法建立人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞裸小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,将30只SPF级裸小鼠随机分为6组,即空白对照组、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)组、复方组、健脾组、清热解毒组和软坚散结组,每组5只,观察各组裸小鼠皮下移植瘤瘤质量及抑瘤率,实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)和Western blot法分别检测瘤组织中IL-6/STAT3通路及其下游靶基因c-myc癌基因(c-myc)、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果①与空白对照组比较,各干预组瘤质量均轻于空白对照组,5-FU组、复方组及各拆方组均可抑制裸小鼠皮下移植瘤的生长(P<0.05),复方组抑瘤率高于各拆方组(P<0.05)。②与空白对照组比较,5-FU组、复方组和软坚散结组IL-6/STAT3通路及其下游靶基因c-myc、cyclin D1、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05)。③与空白对照组比较,5-FU组、复方组IL-6/STAT3通路及其下游靶基因涉及的c-myc、cyclin D1、VEGF、MMP-2蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05),软坚散结组c-myc、MMP-2和IL-6蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05)。结论WCAP复方可抑制人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞裸小鼠皮下移植瘤的生长,其机制与抑制IL-6/STAT3通路并调节其下游靶基因c-myc、cyclin D1、VEGF、MMP-2的表达水平有关;与各拆方相比,WCAP复方在抑瘤率、小鼠体质量及IL-6/STAT3通路及其下游靶基因调控方面作用更好。