Assessing Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Government Services in Developing Countries for Transport Sector, amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic

The study was looking at establishing factors that are affecting the adoption of electronic government services in the Developing Countries for Transport sector amidst the Covid-19 pandemic based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model (UTAUT). The study first looked at the major challenges faced by the Zambian transport sector in the implementation of e-government services among the citizens. The study then proposed a model through a web-based e-commerce web portal that could be adopted to address the challenges identified in the study. The study was based on all registered motor vehicles. These were from the various transport sectors in Zambia’s capital city, Lusaka. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected from respondents using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was generated based on the UTAUT conceptual model. The response rate was 57% giving 141 questionnaire responses from the four transport providers. The Chi-Square test of independence was used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results showed that interaction between trust in government and trust in the Internet has a significant effect on the utilisation of e-government services. The test had an observed P-Value of 0.05 against the Chi-Square value of 59.535. The results further showed that e-services control and effort expectancy had a significant impact on the actual utilisation of e-government services.

Simplified Equation Models for Greenhouses Gases Assessment in Road Transport Sector in Burkina Faso

Transport sector is cited among the key emitted sector.In Burkina Faso,road transport occupies more than 60%of the emissions of the entire transport sector.However,there is no model equation for greenhouse gases modelling in transport sector.A methodology combining literature review and survey has been adopted to develop the simplified model equation in transport sector.The vehicle type survey allowed the identification of the type of vehicle and the literature review allowed the identification of the key parameters used for greenhouses gases modelling.The results revealed 10 vehicle types for road transport in Burkina Faso such as:Private cars,Public Transport/Buses,Special Vehicle(Ambulances,Fire bus,Funeral vehicles),other vehicle,Motorcycles,Wheeler,Rail,Van,Lorries and Truck Tractor.The keys parameters for greenhouse gases modelling are Fleet availability,Average annual distance travelled,Fuel Economy and Fuel emission factor.For all vehicle type identified simplified model equation was developed to support Burkina Faso,assessing greenhouse gases emission in the sector of transport.This approach could be replicated in other countries in the sub-Saharan Region.

Policy Options for Sustainable Development in Urban Transport:Analysis of Energy Consumption and Environmental Benefit Influenced by Different Transport Policies in Beijing

Transportation is a sector with high energy consumption as well as high emissions.Generally speaking,economic growth will inevitably lead to the increase of travel demand and vehicle population,which in turn results into the augmentation of environmental and social costs.For metropolis like Beijing under rapid development,there exist various possibilities and options for transport development policy instruments.But there is no guarantee that they will be suitable for Beijing,although they are effective in their local places.This article assesses what kind of policy can most effectively improve the traffic conditions in Beijing in the future.After literature reviews on the practices of foreign policy and we established several feasible scenarios.Then,we used the Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System(LREAP) analyzed their corresponding results of reduced energy consumption and emissions.Finally,by simulating and computing the realistic Beijing transportation scenarios,this paper scientifically assesses what kind of policy can most effectively improve the traffic condition in Beijing in the coming decade.

The Optimization Method of the Sector Partition Based on Metamorphic Voronoi Polygon

Voronoi diagram is founded by using computational geometry based on originaldistribution of the waypoints, and then the elements from Voronoi diagram are metamorphosed by usingthe rule for airsppce partition, and the controller's workload is accounted in each element that ismade up of Metamorphic Voronoi polygon. Then in accordance with the rule about balance ofcontroller's workload, Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA) is used to achieve the optimization ofcombination of those elements , and the new resolution has satisfied the restriction of two rulesfor airspace partition. Therefore, the boundaries of the aggregates of these elements are theoptimal borderlines of sectors. The result of actual airspace design example validates therationality of the sector optimization method presented in this paper.

Incentive allocation of shared property in transportation industries with network characteristics

Industries with network characteristics always have some special features, which differ from the ordinary business companies. Some scholars hold the theoretical viewpoint that these industries bear the characteristics of natural monopoly, externality, measurement difficulty, etc. However, all these theories can explain why the network industries, especially prominent in transportation industries, are confronted with many difficulties in their process of reform and reorganization. But, there is something deep-seated that can explain why network industries such as railway, highway, aviation, telecommunication, water, gas, etc. have the characteristics of natural monopoly. The paper holds that： （1） Shared property in transportation industries such as the network infrastructure, station and marshalling yard, dispatch and control right, serves more than two enterprises or even hundreds of relative enterprises. （2） Shared property makes it possible for great amount of product quantity to share the sunken cost. Therefore, economy of scale and economy of scope thus exist in transportation sectors, which is called network economy. （3） From the input and output relationships in transportation industries with network features, there exists a law of increasing returns to scale, which is opposite to the classic economy theory that diminishing returns to scale will appear finally. Why？ It is because of the existence of shared property. Not only production cost, but also the transaction cost among transportation enterprises can be reduced. （4） We establish a quantitative model to testify the theory. The implication is that, the lack of incentive allocation is, if not all, one reason causing the usage inefficiency of the rights concerned. The low efficiency manifests in two aspects： the first one is the organization boundary, that is, transportation enterprises are not real enterprises at present. The second one is the so-called mixed task equilibrium of railway affairs. We haven＇t separated the shared property from the private ones.

Green Transport Infrastructure of Taiwan

Transport is the lifeblood of a nation’s economy. Since the fossil fuels are being gradually depleted and the global warming phenomena are more and more serious, this article is to construct a low-carbon transport infrastructure for Taiwan by the implementation of energy-saving measures. First of all, via data collection and analysis, we found that the small passenger cars and the large trucks are the largest energy users in the transport sector, due to their high energy intensities and large transport volumes. Therefore, their energy-conserving potentials are the focuses of this study. According to “Top-Down” methodology, the most effective and economical energy-saving strategies for Taiwan’s transport sector are the significant adoptions of rail transport and electrification mode. Whereby, under a maximal energy-saving scenario, comprising of delicate shift of transport volumes, the energy saving potential in the land transport sector of Taiwan is 4914 MLOE (million liters of oil equivalent), which is equivalent to greenhouse gas reduction of 10.56Mt-CO2e approximately with a scale of 45.3% or crediting for 4.1% reduction of national GHG emissions. Finally, we suggest the green transport infrastructure of Taiwan should be mainly comprised of rail transport, electric motorcycles, MRT (Mass Rapid Transit), and EV (Electric Vehicles).

3D Sector Optimum Partition of Airspace

A new method for sector optimum partition of airspace is proposed by dividing the fright altitude into several layers according to the distribution characteristics of the controller＇s workloads in an airspace. On the basis of the original distribution of the waypoints at each level of altitude, the sweel5 line algorithm of Voronoi diagram is used to divide them into certain polygons （ elements）, and the controller＇s workloads are calculated in each Voronoi polygon. Then by the rule about balance of controller＇s workload and by adding conditions of control handover or coordination for the sector, a mathematical model for the controller＇s workload based sector optimization is built. By the model, the Voronoi polygons are optimally partitioned. As a result, a 3D sector optimum partition of the whole airspace is formed by combining the sector optimum partitions at every layer. The actual airspace partition for Xiamen Airport has proved the reasonability and effectiveness of the 3D sector optimum partition of airspace proposed.

ComplexTrans-Global Rail-Road Transportation System Economical and Clustered Individual and Individualised Public Transport also Prevents the Spread of Covid 19

Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.

中国水运业碳排放影响因素分解与达峰情景预测

系统分析碳排放影响因素,预测碳达峰时间和峰值,对于促进中国水运业的绿色低碳发展具有重要意义。首先采用排放因子法测算水运业2001—2020年的碳排放量;其次构建LMDI分解模型分析碳排放影响因素;最后在STIRPAT模型的基础上,运用情景分析法,设定九种情景来预测2021—2035年中国水运业的碳排放峰值。结果表明:1)2001—2020年,中国水运业碳排放量整体呈上升趋势。2)经济活动是碳排放增长的首要驱动力,运输强度是其最大的抑制因素。3)不同情景下水运业碳达峰的时间和峰值存在显著差异,其中兼顾发展与减排的“中增长高减排”情景已于2019年实现碳达峰,峰值为10113.6万吨,是中国水运业的最优碳达峰情景。

交通领域碳排放核算与交易研究

交通运输行业是我国碳排放的重要领域之一,其绿色低碳转型对于行业的高质量发展、加快建设交通强国具有重要意义。文章对我国交通领域碳排放现状和交通运输行业参与碳交易市场工作的总体政策进行研究,通过分析国内和国际交通领域碳排放核算与交易案例,比较不同碳交易市场机制下交通领域碳排放核算方式和交易的差别,分析交通领域纳入碳市场的机遇和挑战,提出交通运输行业企业参与碳交易市场的多种路径和相应建议。相关研究可为建立和完善适用于我国交通运输行业和企业的碳核算标准和碳交易体系提供参考和借鉴。

运输行业发展之下工业经济效益的趋势研究

工业经济是发展中国家完成现代化建设的重要基础。交通运输业是西部地区经济发展的重要组成部分。为制定更加有效的经济政策,促进地区经济发展,研究探讨了运输行业发展之下工业经济效益的趋势研究。通过分析西部地区的运输行业发展和工业经济效益情况,以及探讨它们之间的关系和影响。研究发现,运输行业的发展对西部地区工业经济效益有着重要的影响,并且这种影响随着时间的推移而逐渐显现。研究将进一步深入研究这种影响,并提出相应的政策建议,以促进西部地区工业经济的持续发展。

中国交通二氧化碳排放研究

评述了中国全国及区域水平交通领域CO2排放研究的不足和困难,提出了道路运输、铁路运输燃油消费量的估算方法、参数及区域分配方法,并根据文献研究和公开资料进行校对,采用中国交通领域CO2排放因子,计算中国2007年全国和各省道路运输、铁路运输、航空运输和水路运输的CO2排放。中国2007年交通领域CO2排放量为4.36亿t,占2007年全国能源利用CO2排放的7%,低于2007年全球交通部门23%的排放比例。中国道路运输CO2排放占交通领域绝对主体,为86.32%。

基于能源平衡表的CO_2排放核算研究

碳排放核算是低碳经济研究中重要的基础性研究。该研究以中国经济发达且面临低碳转型的上海市为例,探讨利用能源平衡表核算CO2排放的方法及排放部门特征分析时应注意的问题,特别是针对与能源平衡表部门分类不一致的交通领域和建筑领域,研究了其排放核算方法和特征分析。研究表明,电力作为一种二次能源,生产地与消费地可能不在同一地区,其CO2排放核算对终端部门排放特征影响很大,此外,交通领域和建筑领域的CO2排放作为快速增长的排放源,CO2排放核算对两个部门的排放特征分析和低碳发展路线制定至关重要。

广东省交通碳排放核算及影响因素分析

交通领域是二氧化碳排放的重要领域,为研究广东省的交通碳排放及影响因素,利用IPCC(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)在温室气体清单指南中提供的方法估算了广东交通碳排放量,并应用LMDI分解法(对数平均指数法)对广东交通碳排放进行因素分解分析.结果表明:(1)2001—2010年广东交通碳排放量从1 950.98×10~4t增至6 068.41×10~4t,其中交通运输业碳排放是广东交通碳排放的主体,私人交通碳排放已成为广东交通碳排放不可忽视的组成部分.(2)交通运输业中的公路碳排放量占比最大,占56%~64%;铁路的碳排放量占比最小,占0.6%~1.6%;水运具有较大的节能优势;民航单位周转量碳排放量最高.(3)交通运输业发展水平、运输结构、私人汽车数量规模对广东交通碳排放增加的贡献率分别为68.79%、36.14%、18.66%,是拉动广东交通碳排放增长的主要因素;运输强度与能源强度的贡献率分别为-18.1%、-6.46%,是抑制交通碳排放增长的因素.广东可以通过采取优化交通运输结构、使用替代清洁能源等措施减少交通碳排放.

中国交通行业实施环境经济政策的协同控制效应研究

目前,交通行业已成为中国局地大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放来源之一,而且随着交通运输规模的不断扩大,与工业和生活排放相比,交通排放贡献占比呈相对增加趋势。文中构建了"CGE-CIMS联合模型",对中国交通行业实施环境经济政策的局地大气污染物和CO2协同控制效应进行量化评估。结果显示,与BAU情景相比,环境税、碳税、成品油消费税以及政策组合情景均促进了交通行业的电力消费替代汽油、柴油等石油制品,即使考虑政策实施后电力消费增加导致的间接排放,各情景下综合大气污染物协同减排量(ICER)仍为正值,即各项环境经济政策均具有较好的协同控制局地大气污染物和CO2的效果。本文最后提出了包括聚焦高排放交通工具,以补贴低碳交通方式配合绿色税制改革,以及电力行业低碳发展等交通行业实施环境经济政策的配套措施建议。

基于指标体系的扇区复杂性评估方法

为了全面分析扇区复杂性,将其分解为结构复杂性和运行复杂性.借鉴已有的研究成果,围绕结构特征和运行特征,分别建立了多维指标体系.利用主成分分析方法提炼指标信息,评估扇区的结构复杂性和运行复杂性.最后采用k-means聚类算法对多个扇区进行聚类分析,选取Dunn指标评价聚类质量,实现了对扇区复杂程度的最佳等级划分,同时对复杂性指标分析结果进行了验证.实例表明,复杂性计算结果能够较好地体现多个指标的综合影响,区分不同扇区的复杂程度,聚类结果与实际情况相符.该结论可以为空域规划和管理提供参考意见.

我国交通运输业能源强度影响因素研究

为深入研究我国交通运输业能源强度居高不下的原因,本文分别利用LMDI和Refined Laspeyres指数分解法和宏观VAR计量模型,从内部和外部两个角度,对1985～2008年我国交通运输业能源强度的变动原因进行了实证分析,结果表明,交通运输业内部的结构变化和各交通子方式能源效率波动共同导致了整体行业能源强度的偏高,但效率因素的贡献度更大;就外部宏观经济因素而言,交通基础设施的发达有助于降低能源强度,但城市化进程却提高了能源强度,能源价格的上涨也未能起到降低交通运输业能源强度的作用。

中国道路运输行业CO_2和污染减排潜力情景分析

为了评估中国交通道路运输行业减排潜力,基于长期能源替代规划系统（LEAP）建立了LEAP-Tran模型,并应用该模型模拟分析了两种不同情景下（基准情景和综合措施情景,后者包括组织管理措施、技术进步措施和能源结构升级措施三种子情景）中国道路运输行业2012～2030年CO_2和其他大气污染物排放水平,通过估算减排贡献率识别了行业减排措施推广时间和重点部门.模拟结果表明,相对于基准情景,综合措施情景在2030年CO_2,CO,NOx,PM10和HC（碳氢化合物）污染物排放分别减少39.6%,58.6%,91.5%,79.9%和83.9%.各子情景中,组织管理措施CO_2和CO减排效果最佳,技术进步措施对其他污染物减排贡献度大,能源结构升级措施减排效果较小,但呈现增长势头.因此,道路运输行业具有巨大的减排潜力,近期减排主要通过组织管理措施和技术进步措施,如大力推广营运货车节能技术和制定更为严格的尾气排放标准.

中国交通运输能源效率及其影响因素分析——基于三阶段DEA和GWR方法

交通运输部门能源消耗占总能耗的比重虽然不高,但是对环境造成的影响较大。交通车辆数、人口密度、交通运营线路长度、旅客和货运量等都直接影响交通能源效率。采用三阶段数据包络模型分析各地区交通运输部门的能源效率,同时考虑到相邻地区交通运输状况的相互影响,构建空间地理加权回归模型对各个地区能源消耗的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:各个地区交通能源效率差异与地理区位有关,但是关系不大,主要与该地区的交通运输综合密切相关;提高交通领域能源效率的主要对策是合理进行交通运输状况的分布,调配交通运输车辆和根据不同的人口密度选择交通工具。