Public Transportation Management Strategies in a Low-Carbon Economy

The importance of public transportation in social and economic development is undeniable.With the rising concerns of environmental pollution and resource depletion in recent times,China has made significant efforts to transition towards a low-carbon economy.To advance this transition,it is imperative to confront the obstacles faced by public transportation and enact effective management strategies that promote both economic and environmental sustainability.In this regard,the author has evaluated the existing status of public transit within the context of a low-carbon economy and put forth targeted management approaches.This research is expected to make a valuable contribution towards enhancing the quality of public transportation management.

An Overview of the Application of Big Data in Supply Chain Management and Adaptation in Nigeria

That the world is a global village is no longer news through the tremendous advancement in the Information Communication Technology (ICT). The metamorphosis of the human data storage and analysis from analogue through the jaguars-loom mainframe computer to the present modern high power processing computers with sextillion bytes storage capacity has prompted discussion of Big Data concept as a tool in managing hitherto all human challenges of complex human system multiplier effects. The supply chain management (SCM) that deals with spatial service delivery that must be safe, efficient, reliable, cheap, transparent, and foreseeable to meet customers’ needs cannot but employ bid data tools in its operation. This study employs secondary data online to review the importance of big data in supply chain management and the levels of adoption in Nigeria. The study revealed that the application of big data tools in SCM and other industrial sectors is synonymous to human and national development. It is therefore recommended that both private and governmental bodies should key into e-transactions for easy data assemblage and analysis for profitable forecasting and policy formation.

Analysis of Historic Pavement and Bridge Conditions and Alternative Funding Levels for the Michigan Department of Transportation

In 1997 the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) established an ambitious set of condition targets for its pavements and bridges, and the Department received increased revenue from a 4-cent-per-gallon increase in the state motor fuels tax to help meet its targets. However, over time, actual revenue was less than both what was initially estimated as needed to meet the targets and what was projected from the tax increase. Consequently, actual conditions were projected to fall short of the target levels, so the department issued bonds to address the shortfall through 2012. To support deliberations on future funding, in 2013 MDOT performed an analysis of historic conditions to determine what additional fuel tax revenues would have been required beginning in 1997 to: replace bond revenues used to fund pavement and bridge projects from 1997 to 2012;and enable MDOT to meet its condition targets. The analysis was performed using data on actual pavement and bridge funding and conditions;as well as predicted funding and conditions for different hypothetical increases in fuel taxes. The analysis concluded that, in addition to the actual increase of 4 cents per gallon, a fuel tax increase of another 10 cents per gallon would have been required in 1997 to replace bond revenue used for pavement and bridges and allow MDOT to meet its condition targets. The analysis results were used to help inform the discussion of Michigan’s target asset conditions and funding, and demonstrate application of MDOT’s pavement and bridge management systems for performing historic analyses.

Management Procedures for Data Collected via Intelligent Transportation Systems

Addressing transportation planning, operation and investment challenges requires increasingly sophisticated data and information management strategies. ITS （intelligent transportation systems） and CV （connected vehicle） technologies represent a new approach to capturing and using needed transportation data in real time or near real time. In the case of Michigan, several ITS programs have been launched successfully, but independently of each other. The objective of this research is to evaluate and assess all important factors that will influence the collection, management and use of ITS data, and recommend strategies to develop integrated, dynamic and adaptive data management systems for state transportation agencies.

A Heuristic on Risk Management System in Goods Transportation Model Using Multi-Optimality by MODI Method

Transport risk management is one of the predominant issues to any industry for supplying their goods safely and in time to their beneficiaries. Damaging goods or delaying the shipping both make penalty to the company and also reduce the goodwill of the company. Every way of transportation routes has to be comfy which can make sure the supplies will attain without damaging goods and in time and additionally cost efficiently. In this paper, we find a few not unusual risks which might be concerned about all types of way of routes which include Highway, Waterway, Airway, Railway and so forth. Additionally, we proposed a technique to attain multiple optimal solutions by using Modified Distribution Method (MODI) of a transportation problem. Finally, we reduce the risks by minimizing the possible number of transportation routes using multi-optimality technique of the transportation problem.

Comparative Analysis and Assessment of States’ Traffic Management Center Programs

This research presents a step-by-step guideline for traffic data collection standards set by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). This study reviews manual and automatic methods of traffic counting and provides detailed information on traffic volume and vehicle classification studies. This research also provides a detailed analysis of the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT)-TMC (Transportation Management Center) websites and compares it to selected Department of Transportation websites of other states such as Vermont, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, Texas, and Virginia. The purpose of the comparison is to analyze the data sources;user friendliness, accessibility, types of data available, presentation formats, and style for each state to determine how they compared to DelDOT-TMC. Although there were some similarities, the findings suggest that two major differences are present. The overall results revealed that DelDOT-TMC provides limited traffic and roadway weather data, and presentation formats to the public as compared to the other states. Further, a unitless variable, called the Capacity Factor (Q), has been developed within this study to represent this relative comparison. This study shows that DelDOT TMC performs well within the group of selected states and better than selected states of similar size and most selected states of larger size;where only Virginia performs better then DelDOT TMC. DelDOT TMC does not perform as well as selected neighboring states;however, it performs in an acceptable range relative to neighboring states.

Utilization and Usability of Delaware Traffic Management Products: A Survey and Challenges

To address the growing problem of congestion, delays, and overall traffic issues, DelDOT (Delaware Department of Transportation) established the Transportation Management Center (TMC) in 1997. DelDOT-TMC also coordinates and manages DelDOT’s response to any incident that impacts the multimodal transportation system within the state of Delaware. Among other things, DelDOT-TMC collects traffic, roadway weather, and hydrological data using over a thousand monitoring devices installed throughout the state of Delaware. After data has been obtained, DelDOT-TMC analyzes and disseminates real-time travel information to the public through DelDOT’s website (online interactive maps), smartphone application, traffic advisory radio, and social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Blog, and Flickr;however, the utilization and usability of this information by the public are, for the most part, unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the global responsibilities of DelDOT-TMC and assess the process that DelDOT-TMC uses to gather, process, analyze, and distribute traffic and roadway weather data to the public. The study employs a survey to assess the utilization of DelDOT-TMC’s products, i.e., DelDOT Mobile App, WTMC 1380 AM travel advisory radio, DelDOT’s public website, DelDOT’s social media, as well as the usability of the DelDOT mobile app to check DART (Delaware Authority for Regional Transportation) First State transit service schedules.

Application Research of Computer Network Technology in Mining Railway Transport Management System

This paper discussed the necessity of establishing a computer network in a mining railway transport management system. The network structure and the system security design, associated with the real development condition of a mining area, were brought forward, and the system evaluation was given.

Analysis of Historic Pavement and Bridge Conditions and Alternative Funding Levels for the Michigan Department of Transportation

In 1997, MDOT （Michigan Department of Transportation） established an ambitious set of condition targets for its pavements and bridges and the department received increased revenue from a 4-cent-per-gallon increase in the state motor fuels tax to help meet its targets. However, over time, actual revenue was less than what was initially estimated as needed and actual conditions fell short of the target levels. In 2013, MDOT performed an analysis of historic conditions to determine what additional fuel tax revenues would have been required beginning in 1997 to replace bond revenues used to fund pavement and bridge projects from 1997 to 2012 and enable MDOT to meet its condition targets. The analysis concluded that, in addition to the actual increase of 4 cents per gallon, a fuel tax increase of another 10 cents per gallon would have been required in 1997 to replace bond revenue used for pavement and bridges and allow MDOT to meet its condition targets. The analysis results were used to help inform the discussion of Michigan＇s targets asset conditions and funding and demonstrate application of MDOT＇s pavement and bridge management systems for performing historic analyses.

Management of transport of dangerous goods based on networking technology

Networking is the core area of national strategic emerging industry development of information industry; it will play an important role in national economic development. Currently, it is hot issue of global research at home and abroad regardless of the mention of its development of a national strategic level, it is called the third wave of the world information industry following the computer, and internet.

Hanoi Public TransportmTransformation by Management Using Action Research and Behavior Setting Theory

After the economic reforms in Vietnam, the number of motorbikes surged while public transport lost its passengers. No funds for investment available TRAMOC （Transport Management and Operation Centre）, the Transport Management and Operation Center started the experiment of transforming Hanoi Public Transport by management based on action research, introducing some interventions, which had shown to be effective in Europe. Phase I of the experimental approach was carried out with the smallest company that operated Line 32. The number of daily passengers surged from 1,700 to 8,000. In Phase II, the experiment was extended to the whole net. In 2001, there were 35,000 passengers per day, in 2010, there were 1 million; this is an increase of 3,000%. The result surpassed by far the expectations. The key for understanding the surprising results is the mode choice. 53% of the users are riders by choice; they have access to a car or motorbike. Simulation of the decisions as rational choice based on time needed for trips was proved to be quite accurate. Behavior was analyzed in the frame of behavior setting theory, which brings together urban structure and the design of the transport system. Success with introducing public transport needs a self-reliant leadership, which works with people in their real life situation. An urban transport system is part of the organized behavior of the people, who make use of the technical opportunities offered.

Examining Modal Shift to Public Transport in Developing Asian Cities:A Case Study in Hanoi City,Vietnam

Quite many Asian cities are facing the issues of motorcycle dominance,and to solve it these cities are developing urban mass rapid transit systems(i.e.,BRT and MRT)with an intention to attract a large number of motorcycle and car users.However,there might be uncertainties in shifting private transport users to new public transport systems,thereby risking the effectiveness of the investment in public transport.This study aims to examine the possibilities of modal shift to public transport by exploring current patterns of people’s travel behavior and anticipating their mode choice changes under policy intervention scenarios.Hanoi City,a typical motorcycle-dominated city in Asia,is selected for a case study.A stated preference survey is conducted and SP/RP mode choice models are estimated for different segments of urban transport market.It is revealed that a significant number of private transport users might still stick to motorcycle and car use despite aggressive improvements of public transport in the future.Trip chaining behavior and presence of school kid(s)in the family may prevent family members from shifting to public transport.A longer travel distance may not necessarily lead to a higher modal shift away from motorcycle.These findings would be helpful to guide policy making towards sustainable development of public transport systems and effective management of private transport in developing cities,especially whose motorcycles are rapidly increasing and being dominant.

ROUTE OPTIMIZING ALGORITHM OF AIRPORT SURFACE BASED ON GIS

The GIS technique is used for airport surface management to study the optimization of airplane taxiway for arrival and departure flights. The shortest paths are designed for just-arrived and ready-for-departing flights of the airport. Additionally, whether the flights could confront each other head-to-head on the taxiway is judged. In regard to the airport′s security and efficiency, airplanes must continuously taxi along the shortest route and the head-to-head confrontation should not occur. Two schemes are designed: One is to change the taxiing velocity of arrival flights, the other is to delay the starting time of departure flights. This algorithm is approved by a practical example.

The Optimization Method of the Sector Partition Based on Metamorphic Voronoi Polygon

Voronoi diagram is founded by using computational geometry based on originaldistribution of the waypoints, and then the elements from Voronoi diagram are metamorphosed by usingthe rule for airsppce partition, and the controller's workload is accounted in each element that ismade up of Metamorphic Voronoi polygon. Then in accordance with the rule about balance ofcontroller's workload, Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA) is used to achieve the optimization ofcombination of those elements , and the new resolution has satisfied the restriction of two rulesfor airspace partition. Therefore, the boundaries of the aggregates of these elements are theoptimal borderlines of sectors. The result of actual airspace design example validates therationality of the sector optimization method presented in this paper.

Big-Data Processing Techniques and Their Challenges in Transport Domain

This paper describes the fundamentals of cloud computing and current big-data key technologies. We categorize big-da- ta processing as batch-based, stream-based, graph-based, DAG-based, interactive-based, or visual-based according to the processing technique. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various big-data cloud processing techniques in order to help the big-data community select the appropri- ate processing technique. We also provide big data research challenges and future directions in aspect to transportation management systems.

3D Sector Optimum Partition of Airspace

A new method for sector optimum partition of airspace is proposed by dividing the fright altitude into several layers according to the distribution characteristics of the controller＇s workloads in an airspace. On the basis of the original distribution of the waypoints at each level of altitude, the sweel5 line algorithm of Voronoi diagram is used to divide them into certain polygons （ elements）, and the controller＇s workloads are calculated in each Voronoi polygon. Then by the rule about balance of controller＇s workload and by adding conditions of control handover or coordination for the sector, a mathematical model for the controller＇s workload based sector optimization is built. By the model, the Voronoi polygons are optimally partitioned. As a result, a 3D sector optimum partition of the whole airspace is formed by combining the sector optimum partitions at every layer. The actual airspace partition for Xiamen Airport has proved the reasonability and effectiveness of the 3D sector optimum partition of airspace proposed.

Numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells: Progress and perspective

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research and development in multi-scale numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells. An overview of recent progress in PEM fuel cell modeling has been provided. Fundamental transport phenomena in PEM fuel cells and the corresponding mathematical formulation of macroscale models are analyzed. Various important issues in PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation are examined in detail, including fluid flow and species transport, electron and proton transport, heat transfer and thermal management, liquid water transport and water management, transient response behaviors, and cold-start processes. Key areas for further improvements have also been discussed.

Future urban transport management

The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems.Furthermore,emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled“Future Urban Transport Management”in 2022.The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University,Beihang University,and Beijing Transport Institute.Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities,this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management.It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.

Special issue: Management of road and railway traffic and transportation engineering

In recent years,with the development of road and railway transportation industries,a variety of complicated decisionmaking problems have emerged in real-world applications.It is urgent to analyze these problems from the perspective of theoretical and methodological innovations,and provide methods in management,decision-making and application so as to achieve efficient operations of traffic and transportation systems.These problems have

Joint slot allocation and dynamic pricing of container sea-rail multimodal transportation

The container sea-rail multimodal transport system faces complex challenges with de- mand uncertainties for joint slot allocation and dynamic pricing. The challenge is formulated as a two-stage optimal model based on revenue management （RM） as actual slots sale of multi-node container sea-rail multimodal transport usually includes contract sale to large shippers and free sale to scattered shippers. First stage in the model utilizes an origin-destination control approach, formulated as a stochastic integer programming equation, to settle long-term slot allocation in the contract market and empty container allocation. Second stage in the model is formulated as a stochastic nonlinear programming equation to solve a multiproduct joint dynamic pricing and inventory control problem for price settling and slot allocation in each period of free market. Considering the random nature of demand, the methods of chance constrained programming and robust optimi- zation are utilized to transform stochastic models into deterministic models. A numerical experiment is presented to verify the availability of models and solving methods. Results of considering uncertain/certain demand are compared, which show that the two-stage optimal strategy integrating slot allocation with dynamic pricing considering random de- mand is revealed to increase the revenue for multimodal transport operators （MTO） while concurrently satisfying shippers＇ demand. Research resulting from this paper will contribute to the theory and practice of container sea-rail multimodal transport revenue management and provide a scientific decision-making tool for MTO.