SiC大单晶的生长

Silicon carbide (SiC) single crystal,which hasn’t melting point at normal pressu r e and sublimates at temperature above 2000℃,is a wide bandgap semiconductor.Si lic on carbide has more than 200 kinds of polytype.Among these polytypes,3C SiC、6H SiC and 4H SiC are the most common ones,the band width of them are 2.4eV,3.0eV , an d 3.4eV,restpectively.For its high temperature tolerance and radiation resistanc e,silicon carbide semiconductor can be extensively used to fabricate the power d evi ces and electroluminescence devices operating at high power,high frequency and high radiation environments. The aim of this paper is to introduce our research results of the growth of larg e SiC single crystals by physical vapor transport method.The seed is SiC single crystal wafer with perfect (0001)Si face,which is chosen from the furnace growi ng the green abrasive material of SiC in industry.The source is green powder of SiC .The seed and the source are placed into the graphite crucible of a graphite res i stively heated vacuum furnace.The growth chamber is filled with the atmosphere o f pure araon.When the temperature of source rises to 2300℃,the crystal growth p ro ceeds.The rate of crystal growth is dependent on the growth temperature,the pres sure in furnace and the temperature gradient and distance between the seed and t h e source.Under the controlled growth conditions,the bulk SiC crystal with a diam eter of 40mm and a thickness of 15mm is obtained.The crystal appears to be n type electrical conductivity,the results of X ray Laue photography analysis indicat e that it is 6H SiC polytype.The defects of the crystal are also studied by many kinds of method.

A Quantitative Method for Evaluating the Transporting Capacity of Oil-Source Faults in Shallow Formation of Oil-Rich Sags

Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.

Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （RW）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and RWmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the RWmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal stability and electrical transport properties of Ge/Sn-codoped single crystalline β-Zn4Sb3 prepared by the Sn-flux method

This study prepares a group of single crystalline β-Zn_4Sb_3 with Ge and Sn codoped by the Sn-flux method according to the nominal stoichiometric ratios of Zn_（4.4）Sb_3 Ge_xSn_3（x = 0–0.15）. The prepared samples possess a metallic luster surface with perfect appearance and large crystal sizes. The microscopic cracks or defects are invisible in the samples from the back-scattered electron image. Except for the heavily Ge-doped sample of x = 0.15, all the samples are single phase with space group R3c. The thermal analysis results show that the samples doped with Ge exhibit an excellent thermal stability.Compared with the polycrystalline Ge-substituted β-Zn_4Sb_3, the present single crystals have higher carrier mobility, and hence the electrical conductivity is improved, which reaches 7.48×10~4S·m^（-1） at room temperature for the x = 0.1 sample.The change of Ge and Sn contents does not improve the Seebeck coefficient significantly. Benefiting from the increased electrical conductivity, the sample with x = 0.075 gets the highest power factor of 1.45×10^（-3）W·m^（-1）·K^（-2） at 543 K.

Electron Transport Behavior of Multiferroic Perovskite BiMnO_3 Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method

Perovskite BiMnO_3 samples are successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method at relatively low pressure and moderate temperature.The temperature dependences of resistivity are measured and systematically investigated.It is shown that the electrical resistivity increases sharply with the decrease of temperature above 210 K and the fitted results demonstrate that the thermally activated conduction model is the dominant conduction mechanism for the electron transport behaviors in this temperature region.A dual conducting mechanism,i.e.,the variable range hopping and thermal activated conduction,is suggested to be responsible for the transport behaviors of BiMnO_3 in the region of 180-200 K.Moreover,the resistivity increases slightly with the decrease of temperature below 180 K and the transport is governed by the variable range hopping mechanism.

Numerical studies of penetration problems by an improved particle method

A particle mapping transportation algorithm was proposed on the basis of the particle-in-cell method.The particles with rectangular influence domains were employed in the transportation algorithm to reduce the numerical fluctuations.Based on the error analysis in the process of particle motion computation,a prediction-correction algorithm was introduced to improve the computational accuracy.Furthermore,the performance of the particle mapping transportation method was evaluated by using the rotation,the slotted disk and the shear advection tests,and the results were compared with other interface reconstruction methods.Finally,the hemispherical projectile penetration into a steel target was numerically simulated.The results showed that the proposed method produced less numerical fluctuations and exhibited clear material interfaces,which indicated that it is accurate and effective.

Review of Lagrangian stochastic models for turbulent combustion

Predictive simulation of the combustion process in engine is crucial to understand the complex underlying physicochemical processes, improve engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions. Key issues such as the physical modeling of the interaction between turbulence, chemistry and droplets, and the incorporation of the detailed chemistry in high-fidelity simulations of complex flows remain essential though challenging. This paper reviews the transported probability density function method for turbulent dilute spray flames in the dual-Lagrangian framework that shows potential to address some critical modeling issues. An overview is presented for the contributions made within the last decade or so for the three key ingredients for modeling the interaction between turbulence, chemistry and droplets, i.e., micro-mixing, subgrid dispersion and two-phase coupling. Then, various methods for detailed chemistry acceleration are reviewed to address the issue of high computational cost for its use in multidimensional simulations. Finally, some applications of the dual-Lagrangian method in both laboratory-scale and device-scale configurations are provided to demonstrate its capability as well as deficiency at the current stage. Some open modeling challenges are raised and recommended for further investigation.

CFD-DEM simulation of the hole cleaning process in a deviated well drilling： The effects of particle shape

We investigate the effect of particle shape on the transportation mechanism in well-drilling using a three-dimensional model that couples computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with the discrete element method （DEM）. This numerical method allows us to incorporate the fluid-particle interactions （drag force, contact force, Saffman lift force, Magnus lift force, buoyancy force） using momentum exchange and the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. The interactions of particle-particle, particle-wall, and particle-drill pipe are taken into account with the Hertz-Mindlin model. We compare the transport of spheres with non-spherical particles （non-smooth sphere, disc, and cubic） constructed via the multi- sphere method for a range of fluid inlet velocities and drill pipe inclination angles. The simulations are carried out for laboratory-scale drilling configurations. Our results demonstrate good agreement with published experimental data. We evaluate the fluid-particle flow patterns, the particle velocities, and the particle concentration profiles. The results reveal that particle sphericity plays a major role in the fluid-solid interaction. The traditional assumption of an ideal spherical particle may cause inaccurate results.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND-INDUCED MOTION IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

In regions with broad water surfaces such as lakes, reservoirs and coastal areas, the wind stress on the flow motion generates a significant impact. The wind stress is an unsteady force which makes numerical simulation difficult. This paper presents a two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model of the impact of wind-induced motion on suspended sediment transport at Beijing＇s 13-Ling Reservoir. The model uses the Diagonal Cartesian Method （DCM） with a wetting-drying dynamic boundary to trace variations in the water level. The calculation results have been tested against in situ measurements. The measurements confirm the model＇s accuracy and agreement with the actual situation at the reservoir. The calculations also indicate that wind stress holds the key to suspended sediment transport at Beijing＇s 13-Ling Reservoir, especially when westerly winds prevail.

Well-Balanced Central Scheme for the System of MHD Equations with Gravitational Source Term

A well-balanced second order finite volume central scheme for the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)equations with gravitational source term is developed in this paper.The scheme is an unstaggered central scheme that evolves the numerical solution on a single grid and avoids solving Riemann problems at the cell interfaces using ghost staggered cells.A subtraction technique is used on the conservative variables with the support of a known steady state in order to manifest the well-balanced property of the scheme.The divergence-free constraint of themagnetic field is satisfied after applying the constrained transport method(CTM)for unstaggered central schemes at the end of each time-step by correcting the components of the magnetic field.The robustness of the proposed scheme is verified on a list of numerical test cases from the literature.

Superballistic wavepacket spreading in double kicked rotor

We investigate possible ways in which a quantum wavepacket spreads. We show that in a general class of double kicked rotor system, a wavepacket may undergo superballistic spreading; i.e., its variance increases as the cubic of time. The conditions for the observed superballistic spreading and two related characteristic time scales are studied. Our results suggest that the symmetry of the studied model and whether it is a Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser system are crucial to its wavepacket spreading behavior. Our study also sheds new light on the exponential wavepacket spreading phenomenon previously observed in the double kicked rotor system.

Co-doping method used to improve the charge transport balance in solution processed OLEDs

In this paper, co-doping method is used to improve the current efficiency of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). By changing the ratio of two thermally activated delayed fluorescent(TADF) emitters, we studied the performance of device and its mechanism. A solution processed OLED with a structure of indium tin oxide(ITO, 150 nm)/PEDOT:PSS(30 nm)/CBP:4 Cz IPN-x%:4 Cz PN-y%(30 nm)/TPBi(40 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(100 nm) was fabricated. The current efficiencies of 26.6 cd/A and 26.4 cd/A were achieved by the devices with dopant ratio of 6% 4 Cz IPN:2% 4 Cz PN and 2% 4 Cz IPN:6% 4 Cz PN in emitting material layer(EML), respectively. By investigating the tendency of current density change in devices with different doping ratio, we suggested that the enhancement of the current efficiency should be due to the charge transport balance improvement induced by assist dopant in EML.