Total intravenous general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway for transurethral resection of bladder tumor

<正>Objective:To observe the advantage of total intravenous anesthesia for transurethral resec- tion of bladder tumor(TURBT).Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients undergoing TURBT were randomly assigned to 2groups.Spinal anesthesia with 0.75% purebupivacaine(8-12mg)was applied to patients in GroupⅠ(n=30).Patients in GroupⅡ(n=30)received total intravenous anesthesia with continuous in- fusion of Propofol and Remifentanil;and a laryngeal mask was used to ensure the airway and ventilation. BP,HR,SPO_2 and pertinent side effects were monitored and recorded.Results:The patients in groupⅡexperienced more stable hemodynamics than those in groupⅠ.Obturator nerve reflex was observed in 15 (50.0~%)patients in GroupⅠ,but none(0%)in GroupⅡ(P<0.01).Conclusion:Total intravenous anesthesia with laryngeal mask is a safe,reliable,controllable and simple manual for patient undergoing TURBT.

Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR-BT)is a very rare complication,and it may result in rupture of the bladder,which usually requires surgical correction and causes a potential threat to the patient’s life.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports a case of intravesical explosion during TUR-BT.Combined with the literature review,the risk factors are analyzed and measures of prevention and treatment are discussed.CONCLUSION Although rare,intravesical explosions can cause serious consequences,and the loud explosion can also lead to a profound psychological shadow on the patient.Urologists must be aware of this potential complication.Careful operative techniques and special precautions can reduce the risk of this complication.

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours: Results and Outcomes

Aim: This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutive characteristics of patients with bladder tumors who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) at a urology center in Douala, Cameroon. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from 2015 to 2019 on 32 patients with bladder tumors that were managed at the Centre medico-chirugical d’urologie in Douala, Cameroon. The relevant data were obtained from patients’ clinical records. Results: A total of 32 patients (25 men and 7 women) aged 29 - 75 years were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 58.63 ± 11.00 years. Among our study participants, there were 10 smokers (31.25%). Eight (25%) of them had occupational exposure while 2 (6.25%) had residential exposure to bladder cancer. Thirty (93.75%) presented with hematuria, 2 (6.25%) presented with recurrent urinary tract infections, and 1 (3.13%) presented with acute urinary colic. Nineteen (59.38%) of them were anemic, with 4 (12.5%) requiring blood transfusions. Twenty-seven (84.38%) of them had pedunculated tumors while 5 (15.62%) had sessile tumors. The tumor diameters ranged from 1 cm to 5 cm, with a mean diameter of 2.75 ± 1.22 cm. Complete resection was performed in 27 (84.38%) participants while partial resection was performed in 5 (15.62%) patients. The early single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin was performed in 8 (25%) patients. Only one (3.13%) patient had a postoperative complication, and seven (21.88%) patients experienced tumor recurrence and underwent a second TURBT. Two (6.25%) of the 32 patients died and 30 (93.75%) survived. Conclusion: TURBT is the gold standard method of managing bladder tumors. This procedure is at the same time diagnostic and therapeutic for tumors that do not invade the walls of the urinary bladder.

Cryoablation techniques in bladder cancer: A review

Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldwide.The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT).Currently,the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy.Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue.This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney,prostate gland,lung,liver,and breast,and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors,offering less trauma,quick recovery,good tolerability,and symptom control.However,cryoablation has its limitations.Over the past few years,cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC.This treatment is minimally invasive,precise,and offers quick recovery,providing patients with a new treatment option.Although randomized studies are still limited,increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection(TURBT)or medication.Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer.Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists,oncologists,and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.

矛头蝮蛇血凝酶对膀胱癌TURBT术后止血的应用价值

目的观察矛头蝮蛇血凝酶对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后止血的应用效果。方法选取98例行TURP手术治疗的膀胱癌患者,按照随机数字表法分为两组。常规组49例,术后予以常规电凝止血,试验组49例,术后经局部加用矛头蝮蛇血凝酶止血,比较两组的止血效果、凝血功能及预后情况。结果治疗后,试验组的术后出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿液转清时间及导尿管留置时间均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的APTT、PT、TT以及PAI-1、t-PA略高于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,试验组BC、Qmax均高于常规组,BSSS评分、术后并发症发生率低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论TURBT术后局部加用矛头蝮蛇血凝酶可在不影响患者凝血功能及纤溶系统功能的情况下,产生显著止血效果,对促进患者术后膀胱功能恢复并降低并发症发生风险均有积极意义。

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌TURBT治疗患者血清UBC1和DJ-1表达水平及其对预后预测价值研究

目的研究非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)患者血清长链非编码RNA尿路上皮癌相关基因1[(LncRNA)upregulated in bladder cancer 1,UBC1]、帕金森病相关蛋白-1(DJ-1)的表达情况,分析两者对NMIBC患者预后的影响。方法选择2018年2月~2019年2月于河南科技大学第一附属医院接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TURBT)治疗的120例NMIBC患者为研究对象(NMIBC组),以同期健康体检的60例健康人群为对照组。应用实时荧光定量PCR检测各组血清UBC1水平。应用酶联免疫吸附实验检测各组血清DJ-1水平。比较不同临床病理特征NMIBC患者血清UBC1和DJ-1表达差异。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析血清UBC1和DJ-1表达对NMIBC患者无进展生存预后的影响。单因素及多因素COX回归分析影响NMIBC患者无进展生存预后的因素。结果相比于对照组,NMIBC组血清UBC1(4.19±0.48 vs 1.27±0.29)和DJ-1(8.62±3.60 ng/ml vs 4.31±1.07 ng/ml)水平升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=43.300,12.117,均P<0.05)。肿瘤T1期、高级别NMIBC患者血清中UBC1(5.21±0.56,5.11±0.53),DJ-1(11.28±3.98 ng/ml,10.50±3.87 ng/ml)表达分别高于Ta/Tis期、低级别患者(3.79±0.43,3.64±0.44;7.34±3.04ng/ml,7.49±3.23 ng/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=15.314,5.966;16.393,4.584,均P<0.05)。UBC1高表达组和低表达组患者的平均无进展生存时间分别为28.17±3.68个月和33.59±3.32个月。UBC1高表达组患者累积无进展生存时间低于UBC1低表达组患者,差异具有统计学意义(Log-Rank testχ^(2)=6.681,P<0.05)。DJ-1高表达组和低表达组平均无进展生存时间分别为27.34±3.29个月和34.27±3.54个月。DJ-1高表达组患者累积无进展生存时间低于DJ-1低表达组患者,差异具有统计学意义(Log-Rank testχ^(2)=11.262,P<0.05)。肿瘤分期T1期(HR=1.613,95%CI=1.223~2.126)、肿瘤分级高级别(HR=1.917,95%CI=1.314~2.799),UBC1高表达(HR=1.937,95%CI=1.229~2.745)和DJ-1高表达(HR=1.738,95%CI=1.246~2.426)是影响NMIBC患者无进展生存预后的独立危险因素。结论NMIBC患者血清UBC1和DJ-1表达升高,两者表达与肿瘤分期及肿瘤分级有关,是影响NMIBC患者无进展生存预后的独立因素。

Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer:a clinical practice guideline(2021 edition)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.

Searching for the Lost Ostium: A Morphometric Analysis of the Ureteral Ostia Distribution in Normal and Thickened Bladders and Its Applications in Endourology

Introduction: The ureteral ostia may not be easily identified in urological endoscopic procedures, leading to an incomplete diagnosis of urinary tract diseases or a predisposition to iatrogenic lesions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anatomical distribution of ureteralostia in normal bladders and those with thickened walls. Materials and Methods: We dissected 30 vesical-prostate blocks from human cadavers and identified the ostia of the bladder trigone. A computerized morphometric analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the detrusor muscle, the distances between the ureteral ostia themselves and the distances between each ureteral ostium (left—LUO and right—RUO) and the internal urethral ostium (IUO). The angle formed between the IUO and LUO/RUO was also recorded as well as the volume of the prostates. Results: Fifteen bladders with a non-thickened detrusor (6 mm) were identified. The average prostatic volume of the dissected blocks was 23.7 cm3. The distance between ureteral ostia, the distance from IUO to LUO, the distance from IUO to RUO and the angle formed between IUO and LUO/RUO in normal and thickened bladder were, respectively, 1.9 cm/2.2 cm (p = 0.09), 1.6 cm/1.6 cm (p = 0.82), 1.6 cm/1.7 cm (p = 0.79) and 77/91 (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Our study shows that there is no significant difference in the position of bladder ostia in healthy and thickened bladders. We believe that our findings may facilitate locating the ureteral orifices in situations where endoscopic identification is difficult.

Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Electrosurgical Resection for Recurrent Bladder Cancer

Bladder tumor is characterized by recurrent recurrence and distant metastasis,which determines the difficulty of completely curing bladder tumor.In recent years,the number of patients with bladder cancer is increasing,and the treatment of bladder cancer has become an important direction of clinical research.It is difficult to control bladder tumor by traditional therapy.Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as a new optical therapy,has gradually become the main method in clinical treatment of bladder tumor combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.In this paper,a patient with superficial recurrent bladder tumor was treated by photodynamic therapy combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.The advantages of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of bladder tumor and the selection of photosensitizer in the process of photodynamic therapy were discussed.After two recurrences,the patients chose photodynamic therapy.The tumors were resected one by one,and the wound was coagulated by roller electrode.After the drug was retained for 20 minutes,the bladder was empty.The spherical optical fiber was implanted into the bladder.The photodynamic energy was adjusted(light power 1.8 W,light time 1302 s).There was no recurrence after operation.Most bladder tumors are superficial tumors,and bladder is a cavity organ,which determines that bladder is an ideal organ for photodynamic therapy.As a targeted drug,photosensitizer is only absorbed by bladder tumor after being perfused into bladder.The photosensitizer forms reactive oxygen species through oxygen and kills tumor cells.Clinical practice has proved that PDT has its unique advantages for superficial and recurrent bladder tumors.As the first generation photosensitizer,xipofen also has selectivity in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Mechanism research of pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer

Objective:Investigate the mechanism of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer, thus to provide assistance for clinical therapy of superficial bladder cancer.Methods:A total of 90 cases of patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in our hospital were selected, and randomly divided to be control group and combination group, 45 cases for each. For patients in control group, treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation was provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. For patients in combination group, combined treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection were provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions of patients in each group were detected before and after treatment.Results: No statistical difference showed on T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions between two groups of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after treatment. Compared with prior treatment, CD8+, cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly increased in two groups of patients after treatment, while T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) were significantly decreased. Differences showed statistical significance. After combined treatment given, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) in combination group were significantly higher than in control group after treatment, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP), CD8+, liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly lower than in control group after treatment. Differences between the two groups showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Combination of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection could enhance immune functions, improve inflammatory reactions and decrease chemotherapeutics toxicities for patients with superficial bladder cancer. It is of great significance on clinical therapy for those patients.

麻醉方式对老年膀胱肿瘤患者TURBT临床效能观察

目的:探索不同麻醉方式对老年膀胱肿瘤患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)的临床效能。方法:选取2020年12月—2022年12月202例于菏泽市中医医院治疗的老年膀胱肿瘤患者为研究对象,按照手术麻醉方式分组,其中A组(采用静脉全身麻醉)66例,B组(采用硬膜外麻醉)62例,C组(采用硬膜外麻醉复合超声下闭孔神经阻滞)74例。所有患者均行TURBT治疗,综合比较三组手术一般情况(手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间)、并发症发生情况、炎症因子水平。结果:三组手术时间、术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组术后住院时间显著短于A组和B组(P<0.05),A组与B组术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组膀胱穿孔、膀胱出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组闭孔神经反射发生率显著低于A组和B组(P<0.05),A组和B组闭孔神经反射发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后C组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)等炎症因子水平均显著低于A组和B组(P<0.05)。结论:硬膜外麻醉复合超声下闭孔神经阻滞可预防TURBT闭孔神经反射,缩短术后住院时间,降低术后炎症反应。

血清SAA4、KLKB1对TURBT治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者预后的影响

目的观察非肌层浸润膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者血清淀粉样蛋白A4(SAA4)、激肽释放酶B1(KLKB1)水平及对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗后预后的影响。方法选择2017年1月—2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院泌尿外科接受TURBT治疗的NMIBC患者100例为NMIBC组,以同期健康体检者60例为健康对照组。酶联免疫吸附法检测NMIBC患者血清SAA4、KLKB1水平。比较不同临床病理特征NMIBC患者血清SAA4、KLKB1水平。Pearson相关分析NMIBC患者血清SAA4与KLKB1水平的相关性。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析(Log-Rank检验)血清SAA4与KLKB1水平对NMIBC患者无进展生存(PFS)预后的影响。Cox比例风险回归模型分析NMIBC患者PFS预后的影响因素。结果NMIBC组患者血清SAA4、KLKB1水平均高于健康对照组(t=31.508、22.825,P均<0.001),血清SAA4与KLKB1水平呈正相关(r=0.725,P<0.001)。T1期、高级别NMIBC患者中血清SAA4、KLKB1水平分别高于Ta/Tis期、低级别癌组织(t=7.244、9.255,13.718、16.681,P均<0.001)。血清SAA4高水平和低水平患者的3年PFS分别为42.86%(21/49)、74.51%(38/51),SAA4高水平组患者3年累积PFS显著低于低水平组患者(χ^(2)/P=8.275/0.004)。KLKB1高水平组和低水平组3年PFS分别为41.67%(20/48)、75.00%(39/52),KLKB1高水平组患者3年累积PFS显著低于低水平组患者(χ^(2)/P=10.420/0.001)。肿瘤分期T1期、病理分级高、SAA4高水平、KLKB1高水平是影响NMIBC患者PFS预后的独立危险因素[HR(95%CI)=1.614(1.319~2.799)、1.917(1.319~2.799)、1.839(1.228~2.753)、1.744(1.245~2.443)]。结论NMIBC患者血清SAA4、KLKB1水平升高,两者与肿瘤TNM分期及病理分级有关,是影响NMIBC患者PFS预后的独立因素。

TURBT术联合膀胱灌注对高危NMIBC患者血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、尿NMP22水平及复发率的影响

目的探究经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切除手术(TURBT)联合膀胱灌注对高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)及尿核基质蛋白22(NMP22)水平及复发率的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年1月至2022年12月长治医学院附属长治市人民医院、长治医学院附属和济医院收治的高危NMIBC患者136例,按照信封法将其分为两组,每组各68例。对照组患者行TURBT加术后0.9%氯化钠溶液持续膀胱冲洗7 d,观察组患者行TURBT联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗。记录比较两组患者手术前后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、尿NMP22水平及免疫功能指标的差异,并对比分析复发和并发症情况。结果手术后,两组患者的血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平均较手术前升高,尿NMP22水平均较手术前降低,且观察组患者的血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平分别为(184.56±33.12)ng/mL、(4.37±0.98)μg/mL,高于对照组[(171.56±33.15)ng/mL、(4.03±0.87)μg/mL],尿NMP22水平为(13.51±1.46)U/mL,低于对照组[(18.99±3.66)U/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后,两组患者的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均较手术前升高,CD8^(+)水平均较手术前降低,且观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(45.59±4.56)%、(39.46±4.12)%、1.98±0.22,高于对照组[(40.78±4.78)%、(36.98±5.46)%、1.56±0.22],CD8^(+)水平为(21.26±2.16)%,低于对照组[(24.15±2.36)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对患者进行6个月的随访,观察组复发率为19.12%(13/68),对照组复发率为30.887%(21/68),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率为8.82%(6/68),对照组的并发症发生率为11.76%(8/68),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TURBT联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注疗法可升高IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平,降低尿NMP22水平,显著改善高危NMIBC患者的免疫功能,且不会对患者术后复发及并发症的发生产生负面影响。

经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术的离体动物模型实验研究

目的探讨电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械经尿道协同操作实施膀胱肿瘤整块切除的可行性,为该技术的临床应用提供参考。方法自行设计加工的经尿道单孔PORT、Olympus电子膀胱软镜作为观察镜,Φ1.8 mm软性抓钳作为协助显露器械及腹腔镜操作器械(组织剪、电钩、超声刀等),以离体猪膀胱为模型,经尿道放置自制单孔PORT,置入Olympus电子膀胱软镜观察膀胱内壁全貌及黏膜情况,在膀胱腔内设定病变部位,再经电子膀胱软镜的工作通道插入软性抓钳钳夹提拉待切除黏膜,并在目标位带张力固定,保持满意的观察视野,术者左手持膀胱软镜,右手操作腹腔镜器械经PORT进入膀胱腔,在软镜监视及软性抓钳提拉协同下,模拟剪切、推拨动作,实现对病变黏膜的整块切除。结果在2个离体猪膀胱模型上成功切除了4个不同部位的病灶处黏膜。结论体外实验显示电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械实施经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术,在不额外增加经皮膀胱切口医源性膀胱损伤的条件下,实现了多种器械协同作用下的切除效果,该方法处理膀胱肿瘤可行,进一步优化后具有临床应用潜力。

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术的临床意义

目的探讨非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗的临床效果。方法选取82例NMIBC患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,各41例。对照组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗,观察组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗。比较2组手术情况、炎症因子水平、氧化应激因子、病理诊断准确率及并发症。结果观察组肉眼血尿时间[(1.29±0.23)d]、尿管留置时间[(2.35±0.27)d]、术后膀胱冲洗时间[(1.42±0.25)d]较对照组短,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)[(67.25±6.19)pg/mL]、C反应蛋白(CRP)[(17.25±2.19)mg/L]及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)[(40.39±4.28)pg/mL]水平较对照组低,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后丙二醛(MDA)[(5.74±1.05)mmol/L]水平低于对照组,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)[(105.96±9.58)μmol/L]及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)[(70.14±6.23)pg/mL]水平较对照组高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组病理诊断准确率[90.24%(37/41)]高于对照组,并发症发生率[4.88%(2/41)]低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗NMIBC较TURBT效果更佳,能够减轻手术创伤,缩短肉眼血尿、尿管留置时间,减轻炎症反应及氧化应激反应,且切除标本更符合病理分期要求,安全可靠。

Holmium laser versus conventional transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

Background Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor （TURBT） remains the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. Laser techniques have been widely used in urology. This analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of holmium resection of the bladder tumor （HoLRBT）vs. TURBT. Methods A systemic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library as well as manual bibliography searches were performed to identify the relevant studies. The pooled estimates of operation time, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, bladder irrigation rate, catheterization time, hospital stay, and one- and two-year recurrence free survivals were calculated. Results Five studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed in the operation time between groups （weighted mean difference （WMD） 1.01, 95% confidential interval （95% CI） -3.52-5.54, P=0.66）. The significant difference in the obturator nerve reflex （OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, P=0.004）, bladder perforation （OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, P=-0.009）, bladder irrigation （OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45, P=0.001）, catheterization time （WMD -0.96, 95% C1-1.11 to-0.82, P 〈0.00001）, and hospital stay （WMD-1.46, 95% C1-1.65 to-1.27, P 〈0.00001）showed advantages of HoLRBT over TURBT. The 2-year recurrence free survival rate favors the HoLRBT group （OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, P=-0.04）. Conclusions As a promising technique, HoLRBT is safe and efficient, and showed several advantages over TURBT. HoLRBT can be used as an alternative procedure for TURBT in terms of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma or low-grade early TNM-stage urothelial carcinoma.

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响研究

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响。方法 将2015年1月—2022年1月在本院治疗的80例浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,对照组使用传统开放性膀胱部分切除术,观察组使用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),对比两组的各项手术指标、并发症、血清肿瘤标志物、生活质量及复发情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组尿道狭窄、膀胱穿孔、膀胱痉挛、闭孔神经反射等并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6个月的CEA、CA125、BTA、VEGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1年复发率低于对照组,术后1年的EORTC QLQ-C30评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TURBT治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效显著,创伤小,肿瘤根治效果好,术后可明显降低肿瘤标志物水平,减少远期复发,提高生存质量。

TURBT对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌复发的影响

目的探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法选择非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者128例,采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗,术后辅以膀胱灌注,定期进行复查,跟踪随访肿瘤的复发情况。结果128例患者均手术顺利,膀胱肿瘤切除率100%。平均手术时间为28.63 min;术中12例发生闭孔神经反射,3例膀胱穿孔。术后无1例出现大出血及电切综合征等并发症;术后有9例患者需膀胱连续冲洗,术后尿管保留时间为3.87天。所有患者术后随访3~60个月,其中8例患者为术后3个月内复发,5例患者为术后6个月内复发,7例患者为术后12个月内复发,3例患者为18个月内复发,2例患者为2年后复发,1例患者为3年后复发,复发率为20.31%。26例复发患者中,15例患者为原位复发,11例患者为异位复发。结论经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,不仅保留了膀胱,而且操作简单、创伤小、并发症少、恢复快,已成为临床首选方法。

PK-TURBT联合羟喜树碱治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨经尿道等离子双极膀胱肿瘤电切术(PK-TURBT)联合羟基喜树碱膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法 66例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者在硬腰麻醉或腰硬联合麻醉下行PK-TURBT,术后定期给予羟基喜树碱膀胱灌注治疗,每3个月复查泌尿系超声和膀胱镜1次。结果 66例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均40 min。5例发生闭孔神经反射,无膀胱穿孔及电切综合征发生。术后随访6～32个月,7例复发,再次行PK-TURBT,术后病情稳定,随访至今未复发。结论 PK-TURBT联合羟基喜树碱术后膀胱灌注化疗治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌疗效确切,安全性好。

HOLRBT与TURBT对表浅性膀胱癌的临床疗效分析比较

目的探讨经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术（HOLRBT）与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）对表浅性膀胱癌的临床疗效及尿管留置时间的差别。方法回顾性分析120例膀胱癌患者的临床资料,根据其手术方式分为HOLRBT组和TURBT组。观察两组患者手术一般情况,比较两组患者手术前后排尿功能、生活质量和并发症发生情况的差别。结果 HOLRBT组患者术中出血量较TURBT组少,术后留置尿管时间较TURBT组短（t=27.352、8.854,P﹤0.001）;两组患者术后1个月的排尿功能差异无统计学意义,术后6个月,HOLRBT组的IPSS得分低于TURBT组,Qmax得分高于TURBT组（t=43.619、-8.412,P﹤0.001）;两组膀胱穿孔、继发性出血和发热并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义（χ2=.163,P=0.281）,HOLRBT组复发情况明显低于TURBT组（χ2=.881,P=0.027）;两组患者手术前生活质量得分差异无统计学意义,术后1个月,HOLRBT组躯体功能、躯体角色和总体健康等维度得分高于TURBT组。结论经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术对膀胱癌有较好的治疗效果,安全性高,可减少复发,具有临床推广应用的价值。