Effect of NO annealing on charge traps in oxide insulator and transition layer for 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor devices

The effect of nitric oxide（NO） annealing on charge traps in the oxide insulator and transition layer in n-type4H–Si C metal–oxide–semiconductor（MOS） devices has been investigated using the time-dependent bias stress（TDBS）,capacitance–voltage（C–V）,and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS）.It is revealed that two main categories of charge traps,near interface oxide traps（Nniot） and oxide traps（Not）,have different responses to the TDBS and C–V characteristics in NO-annealed and Ar-annealed samples.The Nniotare mainly responsible for the hysteresis occurring in the bidirectional C–V characteristics,which are very close to the semiconductor interface and can readily exchange charges with the inner semiconductor.However,Not is mainly responsible for the TDBS induced C–V shifts.Electrons tunneling into the Not are hardly released quickly when suffering TDBS,resulting in the problem of the threshold voltage stability.Compared with the Ar-annealed sample,Nniotcan be significantly suppressed by the NO annealing,but there is little improvement of Not.SIMS results demonstrate that the Nniotare distributed within the transition layer,which correlated with the existence of the excess silicon.During the NO annealing process,the excess Si atoms incorporate into nitrogen in the transition layer,allowing better relaxation of the interface strain and effectively reducing the width of the transition layer and the density of Nniot.

Impact of continuing scaling on the device performance of 3D cylindrical junction-less charge trapping memory

This work presents a comprehensive analysis of 3D cylindrical junction-less charge trapping memory device performance regarding continuous scaling of the structure dimensions. The key device performance, such as program/erase speed, vertical charge loss, and lateral charge migration under high temperature are intensively studied using the Sentaurus 3 D device simulator. Although scaling of channel radius is beneficial for operation speed improvement, it leads to a retention challenge due to vertical leakage, especially enhanced charge loss through TPO. Scaling of gate length not only decreases the program/erase speed but also leads to worse lateral charge migration. Scaling of spacer length is critical for the interference of adjacent cells and should be carefully optimized according to specific cell operation conditions. The gate stack shape is also found to be an important factor affecting the lateral charge migration. Our results provide guidance for high density and high reliability 3D CTM integration.

Influence of Different Mango Phenological Stages on Fruit Fly Populations in Mango Orchards in Northern Côte d’Ivoire

Côte d’Ivoire is the third largest supplier of mangoes to the European market, after Brazil and Peru, and the leading exporter of mangoes to the African market. However, mango production is faced with the problem of fruit flies, which cause yields to fall. In order to combat fruit flies, a study was launched into the early detection of fruit flies at different phenological stages of the mango tree. The overall aim of the study is to help improve mango productivity through early detection of fruit flies at different phenological stages. Accordingly, a trapping system containing sexual attractants and insecticides was set up in the four cardinal directions of the mango orchard. Insects were collected once a week during the vegetative, flowering, mango development and mango ripening stages. Twelve fruit fly species in four genera and seven species were identified, with a high abundance of Bactrocera dorsalis ((265.64 ± 132.82) individuals) and Ceratitis cosyra ((171.87 ± 85.94) individuals). Fruit flies were most abundant at the maturity stage, with a high abundance of Bactrocera dorsalis species ((129.20 ± 46.15) individuals) and at the vegetative stage ((597.80 ± 214.07) individuals), and a high abundance of Ceratitis cosyra species at the flowering (111.26 ± 33.71) and mango development ((187.47 ± 62.64) individuals) stages. In conclusion, the phenological stages of mango influence the population of fruit flies in mango orchards.