AIM: To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code status.METHODS: A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was perfor...AIM: To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code status.METHODS: A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed. The trauma registry was used to identify level 1 and level 2 trauma codes for each injury. The computed tomography scans in all patients were classified as stable or unstable using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Pelvic injury classifications in level 1 and level 2 groups were compared. Patient disposition at discharge in level 1 and level 2 groups were also compared.RESULTS: There were 108 level 1 and 130 level 2 blunt trauma admissions. In the level 1 group, 67% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 33% were classified as unstable. In the level 2 group, 62% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 38% were classified as unstable. level 1 trauma code was not associated with odds of having an unstable fracture pattern(OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.48-1.41, P = 0.485). In the level 1 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 33% were discharged to home, 36% to a rehabilitation facility, and 32% died. In the level 2 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 65% were discharged to home, 31% to a rehabilitation facility, and 4% died. For those with unstable pelvic fractures(n = 85), assignment of a level 2 trauma code was associated with reduced odds of death(OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.001) as compared to being discharged to home.CONCLUSION: Trauma code level assignment is not correlated with severity of pelvic injury. Because an unstable pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability, these injuries may be undertriaged.展开更多
The Sun Also Rises is one of the famous works of Ernest Hemingway. It reflects strong youth elements. The heroes and heroines are all young persons, and in this novel Hemingway describes the suffering that the war bro...The Sun Also Rises is one of the famous works of Ernest Hemingway. It reflects strong youth elements. The heroes and heroines are all young persons, and in this novel Hemingway describes the suffering that the war brought to the young generation and their life after the war. The immature thoughts, action, language and moral code of the young generation is the central point of this paper. In front of the war's trauma, the young people are lost. They are lost in different dilemma: marriage and belief. They tried to express their suffering through their own way-drinking,watching bullfights and making happiness. They formed the"group language"and"moral code". All these elements meet the psychological requirement of the young generation. Hemingway's writing style also characterizes its youth elements. Hemingway wrote this novel with a limited view and immature writing style, including his use of verb, simple language, dialogue etc. These are all very popular in the young generation.Because of the strong youth elements, it left strong influence on the young generation. In this means, Hemingway is the hero of American young generation.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code status.METHODS: A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed. The trauma registry was used to identify level 1 and level 2 trauma codes for each injury. The computed tomography scans in all patients were classified as stable or unstable using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Pelvic injury classifications in level 1 and level 2 groups were compared. Patient disposition at discharge in level 1 and level 2 groups were also compared.RESULTS: There were 108 level 1 and 130 level 2 blunt trauma admissions. In the level 1 group, 67% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 33% were classified as unstable. In the level 2 group, 62% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 38% were classified as unstable. level 1 trauma code was not associated with odds of having an unstable fracture pattern(OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.48-1.41, P = 0.485). In the level 1 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 33% were discharged to home, 36% to a rehabilitation facility, and 32% died. In the level 2 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 65% were discharged to home, 31% to a rehabilitation facility, and 4% died. For those with unstable pelvic fractures(n = 85), assignment of a level 2 trauma code was associated with reduced odds of death(OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.001) as compared to being discharged to home.CONCLUSION: Trauma code level assignment is not correlated with severity of pelvic injury. Because an unstable pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability, these injuries may be undertriaged.
文摘The Sun Also Rises is one of the famous works of Ernest Hemingway. It reflects strong youth elements. The heroes and heroines are all young persons, and in this novel Hemingway describes the suffering that the war brought to the young generation and their life after the war. The immature thoughts, action, language and moral code of the young generation is the central point of this paper. In front of the war's trauma, the young people are lost. They are lost in different dilemma: marriage and belief. They tried to express their suffering through their own way-drinking,watching bullfights and making happiness. They formed the"group language"and"moral code". All these elements meet the psychological requirement of the young generation. Hemingway's writing style also characterizes its youth elements. Hemingway wrote this novel with a limited view and immature writing style, including his use of verb, simple language, dialogue etc. These are all very popular in the young generation.Because of the strong youth elements, it left strong influence on the young generation. In this means, Hemingway is the hero of American young generation.
