Objective: To determine the effects of albumin administration on lung injury and apoptosis in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) rats. Methods: Studies were performed on an in vivo model of spontaneously breathing rat...Objective: To determine the effects of albumin administration on lung injury and apoptosis in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) rats. Methods: Studies were performed on an in vivo model of spontaneously breathing rats with induced T/HS; the rats were subjected to femur fracture, ischemia for 30 min, and reperfusion for 20 min with Ringer's lactate solution (RS) or 5% (w/v) albumin (ALB), and the left lower lobes of the lungs were resected. Results: Albumin administered during reperfusion markedly attenuated injury of the lung and decreased the concentration of lactic acid and the number of in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Moreover, immunohistochemistry performed 24 h after reperfusion revealed increases in the level of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the albumin-untreated group was down-regulated by albumin treatment when compared with the sham rats. Conclusion: Resuscitation with albumin attenuates tissue injury and inhibits T/HS-induced apoptosis in the lung via the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that functions to stimulate the activation of NF-κB.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effect of albumin administration on lung injury in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) in rats. Methods: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly (n=16 i...Objective: To determine the effect of albumin administration on lung injury in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) in rats. Methods: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly (n=16 in each group): Group A, Group B, Group C. In Group A, rats underwent laparotomy without shock. In Group B, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their blood plus lactated Ringer’s (twice the volume of shed blood). In Group C, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their shed blood plus additional 3 ml of 5% human albumin. The expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils CD18/CD11b in jugular vein blood was evaluated. The main lung injury indexes (the activity of myeloperoxidase and lung injury score) were measured. Results: Significant differences of the expression of CD18/11b and the severity degree of lung injury were found between the three groups. (P< 0.05). The expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group B and Goup C incresed significantly compared with those in Group A (P< 0.05).At the same time, the expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group C decreased dramatically, compared with those in Group B (P< 0.05). Conclusions: The infusion of albumin during resuscitation period can protect lungs from injury and decrease the expression of CD18/CD11b in T/HS rats.展开更多
Background： The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury （bTBI）. Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions ...Background： The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury （bTBI）. Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions are often overlooked because of the slow onset or mildness of the symptoms. However, heavy gas cylinders and large volume chambers in the model may increase the complexity and danger. This study sought to design a modified model to explore the effect of moderate explosion on brain injury in mice. Methods： Pathology scoring system （PSS） was used to distinguish the graded intensity by the modified model. A total of 160 mice were randomly divided into control, sham, and bTBI groups with different time points. The clinical features, imaging features, neurobehavior, and neuropathology were detected after moderate explosion. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher＇s least significant difference posttest or Dunnett＇s t 3-test was performed for data analyses. Results： PSS of mild, moderate, and severe explosion was 13.4 ± 2.2, 32.6 ± 2.7 （t = 13.92, P 〈 0.001; vs. mild group）, and 56.6 ± 2.8 （t = 31.37, P 〈 0.001; vs. mild group）, respectively. After moderate explosion, mice showed varied symptoms of malaise, anorexia, incontinence, apnea, or seizure. After bTBI, brain edema reached the highest peak at day 3 （82.5% ± 2.1% vs. 73.8% ± 0.6%. t - 7.76, P 〈 0.001）, while the most serious neurological outcomes occurred at day 1 （Y-maze： 8.25 ±2.36 vs. 20.00 ± 4.55, t = -4.59, P=0.048; 29.58% ± 2.84% vs. 49.09% ±11.63%, t = -3.08, P = 0.008; neurologic severity score： 2.50 ± 0.58 vs. 0.00±0.00, t = 8.65, P = 0.016）. We also found that apoptotic neurons （52.76% ± 1.99% vs. 1.30% ± 0.11%, t =57.20, P 〈 0.001 ） and gliosis （2.98 ± 0.24 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, t = 14.42, P = 0.021） in the frontal were significantly higher at day 3 post-bTBI than sham bTB1. Conclusions： We provide a reliable, reproducible bTBI model in mice that can produce a graded explosive waveform similar to the free-field shock wave in a controlled laboratory environment. Moderate explosion can trigger mild-to-moderate blast damage of the brain.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30672071) the Traditional Chinese Medicine Foun- dation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2004C071)
文摘Objective: To determine the effects of albumin administration on lung injury and apoptosis in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) rats. Methods: Studies were performed on an in vivo model of spontaneously breathing rats with induced T/HS; the rats were subjected to femur fracture, ischemia for 30 min, and reperfusion for 20 min with Ringer's lactate solution (RS) or 5% (w/v) albumin (ALB), and the left lower lobes of the lungs were resected. Results: Albumin administered during reperfusion markedly attenuated injury of the lung and decreased the concentration of lactic acid and the number of in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Moreover, immunohistochemistry performed 24 h after reperfusion revealed increases in the level of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the albumin-untreated group was down-regulated by albumin treatment when compared with the sham rats. Conclusion: Resuscitation with albumin attenuates tissue injury and inhibits T/HS-induced apoptosis in the lung via the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that functions to stimulate the activation of NF-κB.
文摘Objective: To determine the effect of albumin administration on lung injury in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) in rats. Methods: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly (n=16 in each group): Group A, Group B, Group C. In Group A, rats underwent laparotomy without shock. In Group B, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their blood plus lactated Ringer’s (twice the volume of shed blood). In Group C, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their shed blood plus additional 3 ml of 5% human albumin. The expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils CD18/CD11b in jugular vein blood was evaluated. The main lung injury indexes (the activity of myeloperoxidase and lung injury score) were measured. Results: Significant differences of the expression of CD18/11b and the severity degree of lung injury were found between the three groups. (P< 0.05). The expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group B and Goup C incresed significantly compared with those in Group A (P< 0.05).At the same time, the expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group C decreased dramatically, compared with those in Group B (P< 0.05). Conclusions: The infusion of albumin during resuscitation period can protect lungs from injury and decrease the expression of CD18/CD11b in T/HS rats.
文摘Background： The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury （bTBI）. Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions are often overlooked because of the slow onset or mildness of the symptoms. However, heavy gas cylinders and large volume chambers in the model may increase the complexity and danger. This study sought to design a modified model to explore the effect of moderate explosion on brain injury in mice. Methods： Pathology scoring system （PSS） was used to distinguish the graded intensity by the modified model. A total of 160 mice were randomly divided into control, sham, and bTBI groups with different time points. The clinical features, imaging features, neurobehavior, and neuropathology were detected after moderate explosion. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher＇s least significant difference posttest or Dunnett＇s t 3-test was performed for data analyses. Results： PSS of mild, moderate, and severe explosion was 13.4 ± 2.2, 32.6 ± 2.7 （t = 13.92, P 〈 0.001; vs. mild group）, and 56.6 ± 2.8 （t = 31.37, P 〈 0.001; vs. mild group）, respectively. After moderate explosion, mice showed varied symptoms of malaise, anorexia, incontinence, apnea, or seizure. After bTBI, brain edema reached the highest peak at day 3 （82.5% ± 2.1% vs. 73.8% ± 0.6%. t - 7.76, P 〈 0.001）, while the most serious neurological outcomes occurred at day 1 （Y-maze： 8.25 ±2.36 vs. 20.00 ± 4.55, t = -4.59, P=0.048; 29.58% ± 2.84% vs. 49.09% ±11.63%, t = -3.08, P = 0.008; neurologic severity score： 2.50 ± 0.58 vs. 0.00±0.00, t = 8.65, P = 0.016）. We also found that apoptotic neurons （52.76% ± 1.99% vs. 1.30% ± 0.11%, t =57.20, P 〈 0.001 ） and gliosis （2.98 ± 0.24 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, t = 14.42, P = 0.021） in the frontal were significantly higher at day 3 post-bTBI than sham bTB1. Conclusions： We provide a reliable, reproducible bTBI model in mice that can produce a graded explosive waveform similar to the free-field shock wave in a controlled laboratory environment. Moderate explosion can trigger mild-to-moderate blast damage of the brain.
