Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic-immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system.In the chronic inflammation microenvironment,the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes,which interfere with the normal function of immune cells.Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs,such as the stomach,liver,and colorectum.This metabolic-immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theories of“yin-yang disharmony”and“disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.”The metabolic-immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting“treatment of different diseases with the same method”,in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions.In the TCM treatment process,it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function,thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy.Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic-immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic-immune dysregulation,pattern identification,and treatment method.They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of“treating different diseases with the same method”.

Dental pulp stem cells for treating neurodegenerative diseases

The hippocampal formation, important for spatial learn- ing and memory function, exhibits high level of plas- ticity in response to behavioral changes as well as injury. Dysfunction of the hippocampus is one of the hallmark features of neurodegenerative diseases like temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） （Dhanush- kodi and Shetty 2008）. Excitotoxicity is one of the known mechanisms by which neurons undergo degeneration in neurodegenerative condition （Haglid et al., 1994; Doble et al., 1995）. Brain regions such as hippocampus are more susceptible to excitotoxic damage. During excitotoxicity.

Can we treat neurodegenerative diseases by preventing an age-related decline in microRNA expression?

MicroRNA pathway is down-regulated in aged dopaminergic neurons： Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the most frequent motor neuro- degenerative disorder and is morphologically mainly associated with progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the ventral midbrain.

Two Hundred and Seventeen Cases of Winter Diseases Treated with Acupoint Stimulation in Summer

217 cases of chronic bronchitis and asthma were clinically treated and analyzed for the effects of combining electric stimulation with topical application of drug on acupoints. The results suggested that the combined therapy was superior to unitary therapy (P<0.05). It is indicated that the combined therapy has a good curative effect in both short- and long-terms.

Clinical Observation on 100 Cases of Postoperative Pain of Anal-Intestinal Diseases Treated with Vitamine K Blocking at Changqiang Point

Since the latter half of 1996, we have used vitamine K blocking at Changqiang (GV 1) for relieving the postoperative pain of anal fissure with satisfactory results. A report follows.……

WRIST-ANKLE ACUPUNCTURE FOR ANALGESIA IN TREATING SOME COMMON DISEASES IN ATHLETES

With gradual generalization of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in developed countries, an increasing attention has been paid to its application in the athletic field. Wrist-ankle acupuncture is a kind of shallow acupuncture, by which 6 points in the wrist and ankle regions are selected and punctured for treating diseases related to individual parts of the body. It is a kind of information therapy concerning biological hologram regularities. The analgesic effects of the therapy in treating some common diseases in 64 athletes are reported as follows.

China Association of Chinese Medicine Paper notice for seminar on clinical application of new technology of integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases

Hosted by ChinaAssociation of Chinese Medicine,and organized by World Journal of Integrated traditional and western Medicine,seminar on clinical application of new technology of integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases is planned to be held in Nanning,Guangxi in August.

Trans-facet joints approach to treat thoracic degenerative diseases with anterior compression

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of trans-facet joints approach to treat thoracic degenerative disease with anterior compression.Methods From January 2003 to December 2009,22 patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by

Treating inflammatory bowel disease by adsorptive leucocytapheresis:A desire to treat without drugs

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the major phenotypes of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which afflicts millions of individuals throughout the world with debilitating symptoms, impairing function and quality of life. Current medications are aimed at reducing the symptoms or suppressing exacerbations. However, patients require life-long medications, and this can lead to drug dependency, loss of response together with adverse side effects. Indeed, drug side effects become additional morbidity factor in many patients on long-term medications. Nonetheless, the efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factors (TNF)-α biologics has validated the role of inflammatory cytokines notably TNF-α in the exacerbation of IBD. However, inflammatory cytokines are released by patients’ own cellular elements including myeloid lineage leucocytes, which in patients with IBD are elevated with activation behaviour and prolonged survival. Accordingly, these leucocytes appear logical targets of therapy and can be depleted by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn. Based on this background, recently GMA has been applied to treat patients with IBD in Japan and in the European Union countries. Efficacy rates have been impressive as well as disappointing. In fact the clinical response to GMA seems to define the patients’ disease course, response to medications, duration of active disease, and severity at entry. The best responders have been first episode cases (up to 100%) followed by steroid naïve and patients with a short duration of active disease prior to GMA. Patients with deep ulcers together with extensive loss of the mucosal tissue and cases with a long duration of IBD refractory to existing medications are not likely to benefit from GMA. It is clinically interesting that patients who respond to GMA have a good long-term disease course by avoiding drugs including corticosteroids in the early stage of their IBD. Additionally, GMA is very much favoured by patients for its good safety profile. GMA in 21st century reminds us of phlebotomy as a major medical practice at the time of Hippocrates. However, in patients with IBD, there is a scope for removing from the body the sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines and achieve disease remission. The bottom line is that by introducing GMA at an early stage following the onset of IBD or before patients develop extensive mucosal damage and become refractory to medications, many patients should respond to GMA and avoid pharmacologics. This should fulfill the desire to treat without drugs.

Sixty-one Cases of Angina Pectoris due to Coronary Heart Disease Treated by External Use of the Paste of Nitrum and Realgar Powder on Zhiyang(GV 9)

In order to inquire into the therapeutic effects of Xiao Shi Xiong Huang San (硝石雄黄散the Nitrum and Realgar Powder), one of the Dunhuang Prescription, on angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease (APCHD), the authors have treated 61 cases of APCHD by externally applying paste of the powder on Zhiyang (GV 9), with another 30 cases of APCHD treated with the nitroglycerin paste on Zhiyang as the controls. The results showed that the total effective rate was 82% and markedly effective rate 31.2% in the treatment group (the Paste of Nitrum and Realgar Powder), and the total effective rate was 46.6% and markedly effective rate 23.2% in the control group (the nitroglycerin paste). The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was very significant (P<0.01), indicating that the therapeutic effect of the former was significantly superior to that of the latter.

Mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the common mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes by network pharmacology.Methods:All chemical components and targets of the four drugs in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were retrieved through TCMSP,and the genes were standardized through Uniprot database.Acquire disease targets related to coronary heart disease and diabetes in OMIM and GeneCards databases.The network diagram of"drug-component-target-disease"is constructed by using the software of cytopscape 3.7.2,the PPI network diagram of protein interaction is constructed by using STRING database,and the network diagram of"drug-disease"core target is constructed by using the software of cytopscape 3.7.2.DAVID's online database platform was used to analyze GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment of common targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treating coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.Results:103 active ingredients of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were retrieved,including 140 acting targets,5342 coronary heart disease targets,114 diabetes targets,and 14 common intersection targets of drugs and diseases,involving AR,PPARG,TNF,IL6,CCL2,VEGFA,PON1,etc.The GO biological process analysis results in 98 biological processes,10 cell components and 10 molecular functions.Among them are positive regulation of gene expression,positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis process,Extracellular space,cytokine activity,steroid hormone receptor activity and other biological processes;The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway yielded 20 signal pathways(P≤0.05).It mainly involves Malaria,cancer in cancer,HIF-1 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:Huanglian Jiedu Decoction"treats different diseases at the same time"coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes have the characteristics of multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways,which provide theoretical basis for Huanglian Jiedu Decoction to treat coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in clinic,but the key targets and pathways of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction to treat diseases still need further experimental verification.

The Substance and Cultural Connotations of Treating Prior to Disease

The substance of treating prior to disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine expects to dissipate symptoms before the disease occurs and maintain health until centenarian.This concept is a collective reflection of the intrinsic awareness of suffering by Chinese people.Moreover,its cultural connotations involve emphasis on preparation for adversity in times of safety and taking anticipative measures.

Role of adrenalectomy in treating recurrent Cushing's disease:A report of 43 cases

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy in treating recurrent Cushing ’s disease. Methods Forty-three patients ( 29 females and 14 males) with recurrent Cushing’s disease treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( LA,n = 32) or open ( OA,n = 11) adrenalectomy from 2000

Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma: current progress on pharmacological actions and mechanisms

Hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） is one of leading causes of death in the world. Although various treatments have been developed, the therapeutic side effects are far from desirable. Chinese medicines（CMs, including plants, animal parts and minerals） have drawn a great deal of attention in recent years for their potential in the treatment of HCC. Most studies have shown that CMs may be able to retard HCC progression with multiple actions, either alone or in combination with other conventional therapies to improve quality of life in HCC patients. Additionally, CMs are used for preventing HCC occurrence. The aim of this study is to review the potential prophylactic and curative effects of CMs on human HCC and the possible mechanisms that underlie these pharmacological actions. Publications were collected and reviewed from Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2014. Keywords for literature searches include ＂Chinese medicine＂, ＂Chinese herb＂, ＂traditional Chinese Medicine＂, ＂hepatocellular carcinoma＂ and ＂liver cancer＂. CMs in forms of pure compounds, isolated fractions, and composite formulas are included. Combination therapies are also considered. Both in vitro and in vivo efficacies of CMs are being discussed and the translational potential to bedside is to be discussed with clinical cases, which show the actions of CMs on HCC may include tumor growth inhibition, antimetastatic activities, anti-inflammation, anti-liver cancer stem cells, reversal on multi-drug resistance and induction/reduction of oxidative stress. Multiple types of molecules are found to contribute in the above actions. The review paper indicated that CMs might have potential to both prevent HCC occurrence and retard HCC progression with several molecular targets involved.

Clinical application and research of Shao's “three-acupoint and five-needling method”

Professor SHAO Jing-ming has obtained more significant effect during the clinical practice in treatment of wheezing diseases by adopting ＂three-acupoint and five-needling method＂ created by himself, and the effect has been widely recognized by doctors and patients. After decades of development, Shao＇s ＂three-acupoint and five-needling method＂ has become a therapy with complete theoretical system and a large number of clinical research achievements, and its application scope has been expanded. In this paper, the achievements of Shao＇s ＂three-acupoint and five-needling method＂ during clinical studies in the early, middle and current development stages and related problems were reviewed comprehensively.

Mechanism Exploration of the Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in Clinical Treatment and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory“Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method”:A Network Pharmacology Study and Molecula Docking Verification

Objective: To analyze the possible mechanism of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in the treatment of three diseases, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, and to provide ideas for learning the mechanism of “Treating different diseases with the same method” in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) theory. Materials and Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Uni Prot databases were used to screen the main ingredients and targets of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill. The Gene Cards database was used to screen the targets of the diseases, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct a “Drug-Components-Targets-Disease” network to determine the core components. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein-interaction network, and gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses were carried out on the Metascape database. Auto Dock 1.5.6 was used for molecular docking. Results: A total of 118 active components and 208 targets were screened in the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill. Quercetin, tanshinone IIA, luteolin, and ellagic acid were potential core components of Huoluo Xiaoling Pill treating the three diseases, and interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were potential key targets. Co-occurring GO biological processes involved responses to the molecules of bacterial origin, and the AGE-RAGE signaling, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis pathways were the co-occurring pathways. Molecular docking revealed good docking conditions between screened targets and components. Conclusion: This study predicted the mechanism of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in treating the three diseases. At the same time, the co-occurring targets and pathways between the three diseases provided a material basis for the TCM theory, “Treating different diseases with the same method.”