CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CHINESE HERBS REMEDIES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER

IMMUNITY AND TUMOR Immune system has closely relation to the growth and development of tumor. One of its immune functions is to constantly recognize and kill malignant cells which develop from normal cells. The occurance of tumor indicates to some extent the failure of this "immune serveillance" function. Many studies have shown that the tumor cells of body have some tumor interrelative antigen that dose not exist in normal tissues. Tests in vitro

Prediction of neoantigens and their application in cancer treatment

Tumor antigens can be divided into tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens according to their specificity. Tumorassociated antigens are not unique to tumor cells, and can also be synthesized in small amounts by normal cells. Tumor-specific antigens, also called neoantigens, are formed by peptides that are entirely absent from the normal human genome [1]. Neoantigens are

Editor's Choice——Application of genetic engineering for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Gene therapy has been shown to be an effective method for protecting neural functions in the substantia nigra,

Application value of ureteroscopytherapy in treatment of hematospermia

Objective To treat hematospermia by ureteroscopy and investigate its application value for treatment of hematospermia. Methods Nineteen patients with

Application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in treatment of liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and its influencing factors of ultrasoundguided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) in the treatment of liver carcinoma. Methods With a temperature-controlled multi-electrode needle, ultrasound-guided PRFA was employed to treat forty-seven patients with 67 tumor nodules, with a diameterof 2.6 ± 1.1 cm (1.0 - 5.5 cm). Results A complete ablation (CA) rate of 80. 6% was achieved in the present series, with a CA rate of 91.7 % in the tumors ≤3 cm in diameter,75. 0% in tumors from 3.1 to 4. 0 cm,and 14. 3% in tumors 】4 cm. The CA rate was significantly greater in tumors with a temperature rising up to 70℃ within the initial 2 minutes at ablation as compared with that longer than 2 minutes (P 【 0.05). A markedly higher CA rate was obtained in tumors with an ablation-maintaining temperature of over 80℃ than that between 70℃ and 80℃ ( P 【 0. 01). All patients were followed up with a mean time of 11. 3 months. The local recurrence rate was 9.3% (5/

Application of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography in surgical management of spinal dural ateriovenots fistulae (dAVFs) . Methods In this retrospective analysis we examined nine cases of dAVFs,diagnosed by complete spinal angiography,in which laminoplasty were performed through posterior approach. An operating microscope-integrated light

China Association of Chinese Medicine Paper notice for seminar on clinical application of TCM classic prescriptions and herbs in the treatment of emotional diseases

Hosted by ChinaAssociation of Chinese Medicine,and organized by World Journal of Integrated traditional and western Medicine,seminar on clinical application of TCM classic prescriptions and herbs in the treatment of emotional diseaseis planned to be held in Yichang,Hubei province from June 22nd to 24th.

Application Research Status and Development Prospect of Microbial Flocculant

Microbial flocculant （MBF） is a kind of novel flocculant, which is widely used for the food industry, highly concentrated organic waste water treatment and the urban water supply technology. Due to its characteristics of superior flocculation effect, without secondary pollution to the environment and being easily degraded, MBF has been emerging as a hotspot of water treatment research in recent years. In this paper, the latest progress of the preparation of MBFs and the flocculating mechanism were presented. The practical application research of MBFs for water treatment was reviewed. Finally, suggestions and development prospect of research on MBFs were discussed.

Beyond the Gut:The intratumoral microbiome’s influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response

The intratumoral microbiome(TM)refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues,including bacteria,fungi,viruses,and so on,and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota.TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis,progression,metastasis,and response to therapy.This paper highlights the current status of TM.Tract sources,adjacent normal tissue,circulatory system,and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM.The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized.Besides,TMis involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms,including DNA damage,activation of oncogenic signaling pathways(phosphoinositide 3-kinase[PI3K],signal transducer and activator of transcription[STAT],WNT/β-catenin,and extracellular regulated protein kinases[ERK]),influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses,and interaction with the tumor microenvironment(anti-tumor immunity,pro-tumor immunity,and microbial-derived metabolites).Moreover,promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics,fecal microbiome transplantation,engineered microbiota,phage therapy,and oncolytic virus therapy.The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized.This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM,especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.

Association between Skin Reactions and Efficacy of Summer Acupoint Application Treatment on Chronic Pulmonary Disease:A Prospective Study

Objective： To examine the variations in the prevalence of skin reactions and the association between skin reactions and efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment （SAAT） on chronic pulmonary disease （CPD）. Methods： A total of 2,038 patients with CPD were enrolled at 3 independent hospitals （defined as Groups A, B and C, respectively） in China. All patients were treated by SAAT, as applying a herbal paste onto the acupoints of Fengmen （BL 12） and Feishu （BL 13） on the dog days of summer, according to the lunar calendar, in 2008. Ten days after treatment, skin reaction data （no reaction, itching, stinging, blistering, and infection） were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Patients were retreated in the same hospital one year later, thereby allowing doctors to assess treatment efficacy based on the patients＇ symptoms, the severity of the spirometric abnormalities, and the concomitant medications used. Results： A large number of patients （85.3%） displayed reactive symptoms; however, the marked associations between reactive symptoms and age or gender were not observed. An increased number of patients from Group B （99.3%） and Group C （76.5%） displayed reactive symptoms due to the increased mass of crude Semen Sinapis Albae. The effective rate of SPAT was as high as 90.4% for patients of Group B, which was followed by Group A （70.9%） and Group C （42.2%）. Using stratified analyses, a convincing association between reactive symptoms and therapeutic efficacy was observed for patients with asthma [itching： odds ratio （OR）=2,17, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.49 to 3.14; blistering： OR=0.43, 95% Ch 0.25 to 0.73; and no reaction： OR=0.56, 95% CI： 0.35 to 0.90]. However, the same tendency was not observed for patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions： SAAT can induce very mild skin reactions for patients with CPD, among which patients with asthma displayed a strong association between skin reactions and therapeutic efficacy. The skin reactions may be induced by the crude Semen Sinapis Albae.

Research and Development of New Chinese Materia Medica for Treatment of Refractory Hematopathy by Establishment and Application of Multiple Technique Platforms

Research Objective and Overview It is necessary to find effective Chinese materia medica （CMM） for the treatment of refractory hematopathy as commonly used prednisone, androgen and immune suppression agents of tendemonstrate poor efficacy and serious side effects.

The application of adrenal corticosteroid to the treatment of tuberculousmeningitis

Objective To study the effect of combination of adrenal corticosteroid and antituberculous drugs for treating tuberculous meningitis Methods The patients' clinical states,cerebrospinal fluid parameters and prognosis were compared and observed after a treatment of combination of adrenal corticosteroid and antituberculous drugs and sole treatment of antituberculous drugs Results The average fever duration of 42 patients treated with corticosteroid and antituberculous drugs was 10 3±7 1 days, the headache disappearance 21 2±10 6 days and the stiff neck duration 19 4±11 1 days The 46 cases were given the sole treatment with antituberculous drugs for respectively 14 6±5 8 days, 25 7±11 4 days and 24 5±10 2 days Thus, the statistics showed obvious difference ( P <0 01, P <0 05 and P <0 01) For the patients treated with couticosteroid and antituberculous drugs on admission, leukocyte count of cerebrospinal fluid was (539 8±425 3)×10 6/L, the contents of glucose 1 64±0 47?mmol/L and the protein 1794±1588?mg/L In 30 days after the treatment, their leukocyte count, the contents of glucose and protein were respectively (104 2±88 4)× 10 6/L , 2 59±0 59?mmol/L and 1073±861?mg/L For Shanghai Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai 200083, China (Xu GG, Luo CY and Wu SM) patients who were given the sole treatment with antituberculous drugs, leukocyte count was (510 4±419 2)×10 6/L, the contents of glucose 1 75±0 59?mmol/L and the protein 1627±1086 mg/L on their admition In 30 days after the treatment, their leukocyte count, the contents of glucose and protein were (145 1±93 5)×10 6/L, 2 12±0 67?mmol/L and 1177±989?mg/L respectively A close examination of cerebrospinal fluid was carried out on the 30th day of the treatment, suggesting that there was a decline of leukocyte count ( P <0 05) and an increase of glucose value ( P <0 01) The combined treatment with corticosteroid and antituberculous drugs had a good effect for protein content, compared with cases given the treatment solely with antituberculous drugs The mortality of those in coma (4/14 vs 6/11) and those who were in the middle or the late stage (5/36 vs 10/36) was lower for those who were given a treatment of combination of corticosteroid and antituberculous ( P <0 05) Conclusion The application of couticosteroid and antitubrculous drugs can improve clinical states and reduce mortality in patients with tuberculous meningitis The patients may be given the treatment of corticosteroid at the following one or more conditions: (1) unconsciousness, (2) serious toxemia, (3) higher intracranial pressure and communicating hydrocephalus and (4) spinal block

Advances in microbial remediation for heavy metal treatment: a mini review

In recent years,microbiological treatment to remediate contamination by heavy metals has aroused public attention as such pollution has seriously threatens ecosystems and human health and impedes sustainable development.However,the aspect of actual industrial wastewater and solid waste remediation by microorganisms is not explored sufficiently.And what we focus on is technical field of microbial remediation.Therefore,in this review,we discuss and summarize heavy metal treatment via microbiological approaches in different media,including wastewater,solid waste from industrial factories and polluted sites.We also clarify the technical applicability from the perspective of biosorption,bioleaching,biominerization,etc.In particular,the exploration of the combination of microbiological approaches with chemical methods or phytoextraction are scrutinized in this review relative to real waste heavy metal remediation.Furthermore,we highlight the importance of hyperaccumulator endophytes.

Magnetic nanoparticles for environmental and biomedical applications： A review

Engineered magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） hold great potential in environmental, biomedical, and clin- ical applications owing to their many unique properties. This contribution provides an overview of iron oxide MNPs used in environmental, biomedical, and clinical fields. The first part discusses the use of MNPs for environmental purposes, such as contaminant removal, remediation, and water treatment, with a focus on the use of zero-valent iron, magnetite （Fe304）, and maghemite （~,-Fe203） nanoparticles, either alone or incorporated onto membrane materials. The second part of this review elaborates on the use of MNPs in the biomedical and clinical fields with particular attention to the application of superparamag- netic iron oxide nanoparticles （SP1ONs）, which have gained research focus recently owing to their many desirable features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of synthesis and absence of hysteresis. The properties of MNPs and their ability to work at both cellular and molecular levels have allowed their application in vitro and in vivo including drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, radio-therapeutics, gene delivery, and biotherapeutics. Physiochemical properties such as size, shape, and surface and magnetic properties as well as agglomeration of MNPs and methods to enhance their stability are also discussed.

Effectiveness of external Sanjierupi Gao on mastalgia caused by mammary gland hyperplasia: a placebo controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of external application of the Chinese drug,Sanjierupi Gao,on mastalgia caused by mammary gland hyperplasia.METHODS:This randomized,double-blinded,and placebo controlled study enrolled 260 patients with mammary gland hyperplasia from five hospitals.Patients were randomly and equally divided in-to a Sanjierupi Gao treatment group and a placebo control group.An adhesive plaster was applied to the most painful area on either breast for 7 h a day.Treatment lasted for two menstrual cycles without application during menstruation.Mastalgia was used as the main index of curative effect.The change before and after treatment in days of mastalgia,the time to alleviate pain,pain extent,and severe pain scores were observed.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the treatment group had significantly fewer days of mastalgia(P<0.01),a significantly lower severe pain score(P<0.01),and significantly less subjective pain and tenderness(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).Three days before the follow-up visit,the pain score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).A non-parametric test was used to compare the time to alleviate mastalgia between the two groups and found no statistical difference(Z=0.313,P=0.754).CONCLUSION:Application of Sanjierupi Gao can decrease mastalgia duration in patients with mammary gland hyperplasia during menstruation and alleviate the extent of mastalgia.The time to alleviate pain is psychologically influenced.