Clinical characteristics and treatment compounds of obesity-related kidney injury

Disorders in energy homeostasis can lead to various metabolic diseases,particularly obesity.The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of obesityrelated nephropathy(ORN),a distinct entity characterized by proteinuria,glomerulomegaly,progressive glomerulosclerosis,and renal function decline.Obesity and its associated renal damage are common in clinical practice,and their incidence is increasing and attracting great attention.There is a great need to identify safe and effective therapeutic modalities,and therapeutics using chemical compounds and natural products are receiving increasing attention.However,the summary is lacking about the specific effects and mechanisms of action of compounds in the treatment of ORN.In this review,we summarize the important clinical features and compound treatment strategies for obesity and obesityinduced kidney injury.We also summarize the pathologic and clinical features of ORN as well as its pathogenesis and potential therapeutics targeting renal inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,fibrosis,kidney lipid accumulation,and dysregulated autophagy.In addition,detailed information on natural and synthetic compounds used for the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease is summarized.The synthesis of detailed information aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the clinical treatment modalities for obesity-related kidney diseases,fostering the anticipation of novel insights in this domain.

Clinical features and surgical treatment of the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease

Objective To discuss clinical features and surgical treatment of the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease. Methods From January 2004 to December 2008,79 cases with the coexistence of cervical,thoracic

The clinical features and treatment strategies of thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament

Objective To study the clinical features and surgical strategies of thoracic spinal stenosis caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL).Methods From January 2004 to March 2009,21 cases of tho-racic spinal stenosis

Clinical features and treatment of gliosarcoma:report of nine cases and literature review

Objective To sunnarize the clinical features and treatment of gliosarcomas (GSs) . Methods Nine cases of GSs were reported and 7 groups of GSs reported in literatures were analyzed on the histogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis. Results The clinical characteristics of GSs include: (1) The ratio of male to female was 2∶ 1 and the mean age was 46 years. (2) It is mainly menifested by

Atypical features and treatment choices in bipolar disorders:a result of the National Bipolar Mania Pathway Survey in China

In this study,we examined the point prevalence rate of atypical features in bipolar disorder,and estimated the potential impact of these features on treatment practices in China. Using the atypical features criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association（DSM-IV）,we documented the atypical symptoms in 3 906 consecutive participants with bipolar disorder enrolled at 26 psychiatric services across China. We further assessed the association between atypical features and the treatment approaches,including the prescription of antidepressants. The overall point prevalence rate of atypical features was 9.1% among patients with various bipolar disorder subtypes. When the definition was broadened to include atypical features B,the overall rate increased to 11.8%. Interestingly,among patients with the mixed state and remission subtypes,there was a significant difference in the rates of antidepressant medication usage between patients who met and those who did not meet the criteria for atypical features B. These fi ndings indicate a trend of using antidepressants for these two types of patients with atypical features. Further,for both mixed state and remission patients,treatment approaches were related to atypicalfeatures B. Our findings provide evidence to assist clinicians to readily recognize atypical features in bipolar subtypes and can propose treatments based on these diagnoses.

Clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis patients with poor response to treatment

Objective To investigate the clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)patients with poor response to treatment.Methods A total of 61 AIH patients were enrolled,among whom 49(80.33%)achieved complete response(good response group)and 12(19.67%)had incomplete response(poor response group).The

A hospital outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangzhou,China

Objective To describe a hospital outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and summarize its clinical features and therapeutic approaches.Methods The outbreak started with a SARS patient from the community, and a total of 96 people (76 women and 20 men, mean age (29. 5±10. 3) years, 93. 8% of whom were health care workers) who had exposure to this source patient became infected in a short time. Clinical data in this cohort were collected prospectively as they were identified.Results (1) The incubation period ranged from 1 to 20 (mean: 5. 9±3. 5) days. The duration of hospitalization was (17. 2±8. 0) days. (2) The initial temperature was (38. 3±0. 6)℃, while the highest was (39. 2 ±0. 6)℃( P<0. 001), with fever duration of (9. 0±4. 2) days. (3) Other most common symptoms included fatigue (93. 8%), cough (85. 4%), mild sputum production (66. 7%), chills (55.2%), headache (39.6%), general malaise (35.4%) and myalgia (21.9%). (4) The radiographic changes were predominantly bilateral in the middle or lower lung zones. The number of affected lung fields was 1. 2±0. 8 on presentation, which increased to 2. 9 ?1. 4 after admission (P<0. 001). The interval from the beginning of fever to the onset of abnormal chest radiographs was (3. 5±2. 3) days, which increased in size, extent, and severity to the maximum (6. 7±3. 5) days later. The time before the lung opacities were basically absorbed was (14.9±7.8) days. (5) Leukopenia was observed in 67. 7% of this cohort. The time between the onset of fever and leukopenia was (4. 4±2. 3) days, with the lowest white blood cell count of (2. 80±0. 72)×10~9/L (6) The lowest arterial oxygen saturation was (94.8±3.1 )% with supplementary oxygen. (7) Antibiotical therapies included tetracyclines ( 91. 0%), aminoglycosides ( 83. 3%), quinolones (79. 2%); 18. 8% of the patients received a combination of tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, while 11. 5% received a combination of tetracyclines and quinolones, and 63. 5% received a combination of tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Vancomycin was used in 13. 5% of the patients. (8) 68. 8% of the patients were treated with methylprednisolones for a mean interval of (4. 9±2. 4) days. The initial dose was (67. 3±28. 2) mg/d and the maximal dose was (82. 4 ±30. 5) mg/d. (9) Human y-globulin, interferon-α, antiviral drugs (oral ribavirin or oseltamivir) were used respectively in 68.6%, 46.9% and 92.7% of the patients. (10) Ninety-five patients (99.0%) had a complete clinical recovery, and only 1 patient (1.0%) died. Conclusions SARS appears to be quickly infectious and potentially lethal among health care workers, characterized by acute onset and rapid progression, and mostly bilateral lung involvement on chest radiographs. Proper administration of glucocorticosteroids seems to be of some benefits. Antibiotics, human y-globulin, interferon-α, and antiviral drugs, although empirically, might be useful to shorten the clinical course.