Discussion on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease from the spleen based on intestinal flora

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a clinically common degenerative disease of the central nervous system with a complex pathogenesis,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of the elderly.In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that the intestinal flora can regulate the central nervous system through the brain-gut axis,thereby participating in the occurrence and development of AD.AD belongs to the category of"dementia"and"forgetfulness"in traditional Chinese medicine.It is caused by internal injury of seven emotions,old age and chronic illness,which can cause insufficient blood,deficiency of kidney essence,and blockage of phlegm and blood.To use,treat more from the heart,liver and kidney.We believe that phlegm turbidity blocking the orifice is the key to the pathogenesis of AD.It should be treated from the spleen,and according to the characteristics of the pathogenesis,the method of warming the spleen and dredging the collaterals and resuscitation is proposed to prevent AD.This article takes the intestinal flora as the starting point to discuss the research progress of treating AD from the spleen.

Therapeutic strategies for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)have always been considered rare tumors,their incidence has risen over the past few decades.They represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms with several prognostic factors,including disease stage,proliferative index(Ki67),and tumor differentiation.Most of these neoplasms express somatostatin receptors on the cell surface,a feature that has important implications in terms of prognosis,diagnosis,and therapy.Although International Guidelines propose algorithms aimed at guiding therapeutic strategies,GEP-NEN patients are still very different from one another,and the need for personalized treatment continues to increase.Radical surgery is always the best option when feasible;however,up to 80%of cases are metastatic upon diagnosis.Regarding medical treatments,as GEP-NENs are characterized by relatively long overall survival,multiple therapy lines are adopted during the lifetime of these patients,but the optimum sequence to be followed has never been clearly defined.Furthermore,although new molecular markers aimed at predicting the response to therapy,as well as prognostic scores,are currently being studied,their application is still far from being part of daily clinical practice.As they represent a complex disease,with therapeutic protocols that are not completely standardized,GEP-NENs require a multidisciplinary approach.This review will provide an overview of the available therapeutic options for GEP-NENs and attempts to clarify the possible approaches for the management of these patients and to discuss future perspectives in this field.

The transition and current pattern of drug therapy for advanced gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Its incidence ranks fifth among all malignant tumors worldwide and is the third leading cause of death among cancer patients.Surgery is currently considered to be the only radical treatment.However,the low rate of early diagnosis means that most patients have an advanced-stage disease at diagnosis which lost the chance of surgery.Therefore,the main treatment for advanced gastric cancer includes chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy.The purpose of this study is to review the transition and current patterns of drug therapy for advanced gastric cancer and to provide assistance for subsequent clinical studies in advanced gastric cancer.

Effect of Yiqi Jianpi plus anticancer herbs on spleen deficiency in colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor role

Objective:To observe the effect of Yiqi Jianpi plus anticancer herbs on spleen deficiency in colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor role.Methods:Human intestinal cancer cell HT29 xenograft of nude mice model was established.The expression of ECF,VEGF,gastric cancer tumor growth in mice were observed.Results:Protein kinase C expression in in the Yiqi Jianpi group and Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group was significantly better than the model group(P<0.01,P<0.05).There was significantly more apoptotic cells in Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.01).Epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in Yiqi Jianpi group was significantly lower than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Tumor can inhibit the expression of PKC inhibition.Yiqi Jianpi and anticancer treatment can reduce this inhibition.Besides this treatment can also inhibit expression of tumor related genes such as epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Glyco-sphingo biology: a novel perspective for potential new treatments in Huntington's disease

Huntington＇s disease （HD） is the most common dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder, mainly characterized by the progressive striatal and cortical neurodegeneration and as- sociated motor, cognitive and behavioural disturbances （Zuccato et al., 2010）. The disease-causing mutation is an expansion of a GAG trinucleotide repeat （〉 36 repeats） encoding a polygluta- mine stretch in the N-terminal region ofhuntingtin （Htt） （Zuc- cato et al., 2010）, a ubiquitous protein whose function is still unclear （Zuccato et al., 2010）. Expansion of the polyQ stretch endows mutant Htt （mHtt） with toxic properties, and results in the development of a broad array of undesirable effects in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells （Zuccato et al., 2010）. Among all cellular dysfunctions and biochemical imbalances classically associated with HD, perturbed metabolism of （glyco） sphingolipids appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Over the last years, we and other have extensively contributed to these findings （Desplats et al., 2007;

基于“肝脾同调”阐析慢性肝病的中医治疗

慢性肝病是临床常见疾病,“郁、虚、湿、毒、瘀”是其核心病机,在疾病的不同阶段各有侧重,其中,以“郁、虚”为核心的肝脾失调是慢性肝病发生发展的关键。“肝脾同调”是治疗慢性肝病的基本治法,在慢性肝病不同阶段,其“肝脾同调”内涵同中有异。根据肝、脾生理病理特性,治脾明辨虚实,厘清轻重,活用运脾、健脾、温脾、醒脾、补脾等法;调肝体用并重,精准辨证,活用疏肝、缓肝、散肝、柔肝等法。临床上,治脾与调肝相辅相成,治调并举,常获良效。

基于“脾气散精”理论探讨慢性肝病的中医治疗

慢性肝病的发病与脾密切相关,“脾气散精”是《黄帝内经》对脾功能的高度概括,脾气散精功能障碍贯穿慢性肝病始终,脾失运化,生湿生痰,瘀血阻络为慢性肝病进展的关键因素。治疗时应将健脾作为慢性肝病的基本治法之一,并根据脾运的不同状态,配合运脾、醒脾、温脾等不同治法,以复脾气散精之能,病程中尤应抓住瘀血络阻这一关键病机,活血化瘀通络,防止慢性肝病进一步向肝积、鼓胀发展,使脾运得复,瘀阻得除,标本兼治。

国医大师刘嘉湘从脾肾论治肺癌经验

刘嘉湘教授认为,肺癌病位在肺,亦与脾、肾密切相关。其病机以正气亏虚为本,而脾肾为正虚之关键,治疗时强调“治病必求于本”,创立扶正培本治癌大法,开创了中医药治疗恶性肿瘤的新思路,扶正培本又重在脾肾,同时补虚不忘祛邪,扶正祛邪相辅相成,将扶正培本法贯穿于治疗肺癌的始终。

从肝脾论治甲状腺良性结节研究进展

甲状腺结节为常见的内分泌系统疾病,多为良性结节。西医对于甲状腺结节缺乏有效的治疗措施,对于部分病情严重的患者可进行手术治疗,但相关并发症较多。中医认为,甲状腺结节的发生与患者情志失调密切相关,而情志畅达与肝脏气机调畅密切相关,患者情志抑郁可致肝气郁结,日久使得脾胃生化功能失调,肝郁脾虚则水液输布失常,痰气瘀结于颈前而发为“瘿病”,因此,从疏肝理气、健脾利水、化痰消瘀为基本原则,治疗甲状腺结节能取得良好的效果。

健脾祛痰法治疗血脂异常研究概况

血脂异常在我国普遍存在,中医药干预血脂异常越来越得到人们的重视。中医学认为脾主运化水谷精微,脂质亦需要脾的运化功能布散周身。脾气虚则脾失健运,清气不升,浊阴独留,生湿生痰;痰湿进一步阻碍气机,影响脾胃运化,使脾虚更甚,加重脂浊,浸润血脉。近年来健脾祛痰法被越来越多地应用于血脂异常的防治中,且在临床中收到不错的疗效。

消痞汤对脾胃虚弱证慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的临床疗效

目的考察消痞汤对脾胃虚弱证慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的临床疗效。方法97例患者随机分为对照组(48例)和观察组(49例),2组均采用常规治疗,同时对照组给予枸橼酸莫沙必利片和胰酶肠溶片,观察组给予消痞汤,疗程4周。检测临床疗效、脑肠肽指标(CGRP、5-HT、SP、NPY)、Hp转阴率、胃液成分(游离酸、胃蛋白酶、亚硝酸盐、总酸)、胃肠激素(GAS、MLT、SS)、胃黏膜病理评分、不良反应发生率变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组脑肠肽指标、NPY、SS、游离酸、胃蛋白酶、总酸升高(P<0.05),MLT、亚硝酸盐、黏膜炎症和黏膜萎缩评分降低(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。2组Hp转阴率、不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论消痞汤可安全有效地缓解胃黏膜炎症和萎缩,改善胃液成分和胃肠激素,其机制可能与调节脑-肠轴有关。

基于“心受气于脾”论治类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变

类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变属于复合病证,根据其发病过程与临床表现,可归属于中医学“脏痹-心痹”。心痹为痹证日久缠绵不愈,复感风、寒、湿邪,向内传入于心所致。该文基于“心受气于脾”理论探讨其病因、病机与治疗。通过梳理古代文献,发现类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变的病因为脾气不足,卫阳不固,外感风、寒、湿邪气侵入机体,瘀血顽痰阻滞发为心痹。其病机为脾气不足,营卫虚弱;脾阳不足,痰浊内生;脾失健运,痰瘀互结。现代研究表明,细胞免疫失调、血脂异常以及血凝与类风湿关节炎合并心脏病变关系密切,这与中医病机一致。在治疗时选用补益卫阳,和营通痹;温阳散寒,化痰逐饮;益气活血,健脾祛痰之法,代表方剂分别为黄芪桂枝五物汤、苓桂术甘汤、赤茯苓汤。该文提出“心受气于脾”理论,为临床治疗类风湿关节炎累及心脏病变提供思路与指导。

健脾祛湿和络方治疗特发性膜性肾病内涵探讨

从多维论治角度结合部分健脾祛湿和络方的研究进展,阐释健脾祛湿和络方有效治疗特发性膜性肾病(IMN)的中医学内涵。IMN以脾虚证、肾虚证为核心证候,健脾祛湿和络方立方以调理脾胃为基础,脾肾同治。从肺肾相关、肠肾相关、肺与大肠相表里等理论看,健脾祛湿和络方亦体现出了脾肺同治、肠肾同治、肠肺同治的中医学内涵,脾、肺、肠、肾相结合的多维论治是健脾祛湿和络方取效之根本。

从“脾藏营舍意”论溃疡性结肠炎诱发抑郁的机制

“脾藏营舍意”首见于《灵枢·本神》,体现了脾运化水谷精微上输于脑以滋养“意”的功能。若是脾的功能受到损害,“意”的功能也将无法正常发挥。该病理理念与溃疡性结肠炎诱发抑郁的病理机制——肠道炎性反应中枢侵袭及其他一系列病理反应导致大脑海马损伤最终诱发抑郁行为的病理过程相合。阐释中医“脾藏营舍意”理论与溃疡性结肠炎诱发抑郁机制的相关性,以期将“脾藏营舍意”这一理论用于指导溃疡性结肠炎诱发抑郁的临床诊疗。

基于“脾主运化,在体合肌”理论探析T2DM肌少症骨骼肌细胞铁死亡发病机制及辨证论治

2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)伴随的衰老性疾病是目前糖尿病领域研究热点,肌少症现已成为T2DM继微血管和大血管病变之外的第三大类并发症,能够导致骨折、失能、活动障碍等多种不良事件的发生发展。脾属土,居中焦,主运化,在体合肌。脾之健运、精气得布、肌肉充养,方可发挥正常生理功能。近年研究表明,骨骼肌细胞铁死亡在T2DM肌少症发病机制中具有重要作用。基于“脾主运化,在体合肌”理论,从中医学“脾失运化、精气亏虚、湿浊困阻、肌肉失养”病机观及现代医学“骨骼肌细胞铁死亡”病理机制的角度对T2DM肌少症发病机制进行探讨,归纳T2DM肌少症从脾论治的中医防治原则,为丰富脾藏象理论内涵以及中医药防治T2DM肌少症基础研究和临床试验提供理论支撑。

丁书文从脾胃论治心系疾病的临证应用

丁书文教授推崇李东垣的脾胃内伤学说,强调脾胃在人体脏腑功能中的重要性,主张心系疾病从脾胃论治。丁书文教授基于李东垣的学术思想,创立了心系疾病“热毒”学说,指出心系热毒是脾胃功能失调、湿痰瘀热胶结导致。治疗既治心系疾病之标,亦调脾胃后天之本。

基于“脾为之卫”探讨溃疡性结肠炎的辨治思路

[目的]探讨溃疡性结肠炎的病因病机及治疗方法,以期为拓展溃疡性结肠炎的辨治思路提供理论依据。[方法]基于对“脾为之卫”理论内涵的梳理,同时结合现代医学对溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的认识,探讨脾脏功能失常与溃疡性结肠炎病因病机的相关性,并根据溃疡性结肠炎病程演变过程中病机的变化,具体论述分期辨治原则及方药。[结果]“脾失于卫”作为溃疡性结肠炎的病机关键,贯穿其各期而为病,故以“助脾复卫”为中心治则,对溃疡性结肠炎进行分期论治,活动期以消积化滞、理脾和卫为法,缓解期以调气疏郁、健脾行卫为法,恢复期以清养生肌、补脾固卫为法。[结论]运用“脾为之卫”理论有助于认识溃疡性结肠炎发病机制与脾脏的密切关系,完善从脾论治溃疡性结肠炎的分期证治法则及具体方药。

消食药在肿瘤治疗中的运用规律

中医认为脏腑气血亏虚、痰瘀毒邪互结是肿瘤发病中的重要因素。消食药健运中焦、疏肝理气、祛痰逐瘀等功效与肿瘤正虚邪实的核心病机高度契合,在肿瘤治疗中发挥着独特作用,现代药理学研究表明此类药物可以通过调节肠道菌群、抑制炎症介质表达、抑制血管生成、诱导细胞凋亡等抗肿瘤。临证时应谨守病机、随证加减、合理配伍、巧妙化裁、注意禁忌。

乳腺癌“应激治乳”新理论的构建与临床应用探讨

应激是生物体对内、外源性刺激的一种非特异的适应性反应,有助于维持机体内环境稳态。然而当应激反应的程度超过机体适应阈值,即可诱发多种疾病。乳腺癌发病率和死亡率高居女性恶性肿瘤前列,乳腺病领域首位国医大师林毅教授创立“六郁治乳”理论,认为六郁是乳腺癌发生发展的核心病机,而六郁与机体应激反应系统密切相关,中医药在调整应激稳态平衡领域有特色优势。该文基于中医经典理论、“六郁治乳”理论及现代应激理论,提出“应激治乳”学说,阐释应激因素介导乳腺癌发生发展的病机特性、致病特点、分子机制,提出基于应激稳态调控的核心思想和辨治原则,总结“应激治乳”理论指导下的遣方用药。“应激治乳”理论的构建丰富了中医乳腺癌理论体系,有望为改善乳腺癌患者的临床预后提供新路径。

基于脾肺同治探讨复发性脓疱疮发病机制及治疗思路

脓疱疮是一种儿童常见的感染性皮肤病,具有一定的传染性。因小儿稚阴稚阳的生理特点,素体娇弱、禀赋不耐,或正气相对不足,肌肤娇嫩,腠理不固,加之难以控制搔抓,皮疹更易播散,出现疾病反复发作,邪毒久羁,迁延难愈。小儿肝常有余,脾常不足,而脾为后天之本,脾肺两脏相互配合,互通互用,共同调节脏腑功能。因此可通过健脾固本,补益肺气,脾肺相协,共调脏腑,以促进疾病的恢复。故而在临证治疗脓疱疮反复发作中,特别对于儿童患者,更应时刻谨记顾护脾胃、补益肺气、脾肺同治的重要性。