The montmorillonite was studied by differen t methods, such as chemical analysis, DAT, TG, X RD, IR, AFM and MAS NMR. The experimental results show that the hydroxyl in octa hedra sheets begins dehydrating when the t...The montmorillonite was studied by differen t methods, such as chemical analysis, DAT, TG, X RD, IR, AFM and MAS NMR. The experimental results show that the hydroxyl in octa hedra sheets begins dehydrating when the thermal treatment temperature reaches 659℃, but th e layer structure remains the same,and the corresponding Al(Ⅵ) is turned into Al(Ⅳ) in octahedra sheets. When the temperature reaches 900℃, the layer struct ure of montmorillontite is destroyed, and the new mineral phase μ-cordierite i s found. When the temperature reaches 1200℃, the μ-cordierite phase loses its stability, and decomposes into cristobalite phase and mullite phase.Meanwhile, the recrystallization phenomenon in thermal treatment products is obvious. There is a small quantity of Al Ⅵ signal in MAS NMR spectrum, corresponding to Al of mullite. When the temperature reaches 1350℃, the cristobalite and mullite phases reduce slightly, and more Fe-cordierite phase appears, corresponding to Fe-cordierite spectrum in XRD and MAS NMR.展开更多
Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to de...Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(M FCs)represent a new approach for treating w aste w ater along w ith electricity production.The present study addressed electricity production from domestic w astew ater using a mediator-less dou...Microbial fuel cells(M FCs)represent a new approach for treating w aste w ater along w ith electricity production.The present study addressed electricity production from domestic w astew ater using a mediator-less double chamber M FC.The electricity production w as monitored under different operational conditions for both summer and w inter samples.Optimization of the anodic and cathodic chambers resulted in a maximal current of 0.784 and 0.645 m A w ith the maximal pow er intensity of 209 and 117 m W/m2in pow er duration of 24 h for the summer and w inter samples,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy show ed that the bacterial biofilm formation on the anode w as denser for the summer sample than that w hen the w inter sample w as used,so w as the total bacterial count.Therefore,samples taken during summer w ere considered better in electricity production and w aste w ater treatment than those taken during w inter basically because of the high microbial load during the hot season.In parallel,there w as a decrease in both biological oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)values which reached 71.8%and 72.85%,respectively at the end of the operation process for the summer sample,w hile there w as no evident decrease for the w inter sample.Optimizing the operating conditions not only increased the potential of using domestic w aste w ater in microbial fuel cells to produce electricity,but also improved the quality of the domestic w aste w ater.展开更多
This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of a liquid-solids separation process and microwave pretreatment, as well as anaerobic biodegradability of microwave pretreated dairy manure. Liquid-solids separati...This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of a liquid-solids separation process and microwave pretreatment, as well as anaerobic biodegradability of microwave pretreated dairy manure. Liquid-solids separation of raw dairy manure resulted in solid and liquid fractions having different properties, with the solid fractions richer in total and volatile solids content and liquid fractions richer in nutrients and metal ions. Substantial amounts of soluble chemical oxygen demand and nutrients were released into the solution after the microwave treatment. The microwave pretreated dairy manure was also subjected to anaerobic digestion. The kinetic parameters of methane production potential, maximum methane production rate and lag time were determined using the modified Gompertz equation. Anaerobic digestion of liquid manure, without microwave treatment, outperformed the sets with microwave treatment. The microwave-treated liquid dairy manure, without acid addition had better results in terms of methane potential and methane production, than with acid addition. Thermophilic digestion exhibited a higher maximum methane production rate than that of mesophilic digestion, but lower methane yields. The microwave pretreatment of dairy manure resulted in high soluble chemical oxygen demand;however, methane yield was not increased.展开更多
Taking the anaerobic digestion products of sludge as the object, through the analysis on the development of garden substrate market at home and abroad and the development status of horticultural products from the anae...Taking the anaerobic digestion products of sludge as the object, through the analysis on the development of garden substrate market at home and abroad and the development status of horticultural products from the anaerobic digestion products, the direction for the utilization of the anaerobic digestion products of sludge was pointed out. Based on the demand of Chongqing’s garden market, this paper analyzed the potential utilization of sludge anaerobic digestion products in Chongqing, and briefly introduced the research status of landscaping utilization of sludge anaerobic digestion products in Chongqing, in order to provide reference for the industry.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40202007 ) and the Natural Science Foundation of GuangdongProvince(000623,020938)
文摘The montmorillonite was studied by differen t methods, such as chemical analysis, DAT, TG, X RD, IR, AFM and MAS NMR. The experimental results show that the hydroxyl in octa hedra sheets begins dehydrating when the thermal treatment temperature reaches 659℃, but th e layer structure remains the same,and the corresponding Al(Ⅵ) is turned into Al(Ⅳ) in octahedra sheets. When the temperature reaches 900℃, the layer struct ure of montmorillontite is destroyed, and the new mineral phase μ-cordierite i s found. When the temperature reaches 1200℃, the μ-cordierite phase loses its stability, and decomposes into cristobalite phase and mullite phase.Meanwhile, the recrystallization phenomenon in thermal treatment products is obvious. There is a small quantity of Al Ⅵ signal in MAS NMR spectrum, corresponding to Al of mullite. When the temperature reaches 1350℃, the cristobalite and mullite phases reduce slightly, and more Fe-cordierite phase appears, corresponding to Fe-cordierite spectrum in XRD and MAS NMR.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST:2009DFA32710,BMBF(FKZ):0330847F)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Y13G030168)
文摘Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(M FCs)represent a new approach for treating w aste w ater along w ith electricity production.The present study addressed electricity production from domestic w astew ater using a mediator-less double chamber M FC.The electricity production w as monitored under different operational conditions for both summer and w inter samples.Optimization of the anodic and cathodic chambers resulted in a maximal current of 0.784 and 0.645 m A w ith the maximal pow er intensity of 209 and 117 m W/m2in pow er duration of 24 h for the summer and w inter samples,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy show ed that the bacterial biofilm formation on the anode w as denser for the summer sample than that w hen the w inter sample w as used,so w as the total bacterial count.Therefore,samples taken during summer w ere considered better in electricity production and w aste w ater treatment than those taken during w inter basically because of the high microbial load during the hot season.In parallel,there w as a decrease in both biological oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)values which reached 71.8%and 72.85%,respectively at the end of the operation process for the summer sample,w hile there w as no evident decrease for the w inter sample.Optimizing the operating conditions not only increased the potential of using domestic w aste w ater in microbial fuel cells to produce electricity,but also improved the quality of the domestic w aste w ater.
文摘This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of a liquid-solids separation process and microwave pretreatment, as well as anaerobic biodegradability of microwave pretreated dairy manure. Liquid-solids separation of raw dairy manure resulted in solid and liquid fractions having different properties, with the solid fractions richer in total and volatile solids content and liquid fractions richer in nutrients and metal ions. Substantial amounts of soluble chemical oxygen demand and nutrients were released into the solution after the microwave treatment. The microwave pretreated dairy manure was also subjected to anaerobic digestion. The kinetic parameters of methane production potential, maximum methane production rate and lag time were determined using the modified Gompertz equation. Anaerobic digestion of liquid manure, without microwave treatment, outperformed the sets with microwave treatment. The microwave-treated liquid dairy manure, without acid addition had better results in terms of methane potential and methane production, than with acid addition. Thermophilic digestion exhibited a higher maximum methane production rate than that of mesophilic digestion, but lower methane yields. The microwave pretreatment of dairy manure resulted in high soluble chemical oxygen demand;however, methane yield was not increased.
基金Supported by Project "Synergistic Anaerobic Digestion Technology of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Incineration Plant Landfill Leachate and Its Productivity Test" of Chongqing Water Asset Management Co.Ltd
文摘Taking the anaerobic digestion products of sludge as the object, through the analysis on the development of garden substrate market at home and abroad and the development status of horticultural products from the anaerobic digestion products, the direction for the utilization of the anaerobic digestion products of sludge was pointed out. Based on the demand of Chongqing’s garden market, this paper analyzed the potential utilization of sludge anaerobic digestion products in Chongqing, and briefly introduced the research status of landscaping utilization of sludge anaerobic digestion products in Chongqing, in order to provide reference for the industry.