EFFECTS OF TREATMENT TIME ON CORROSION OF DIFFUSION-ALLOYED COATINGS OF PURE MAGNESIUM

The corrosion resistance of pure magnesium with surface alloying layer obtained by a solid diffusion alloying technique has been analyzed. To establish the optimum treatment time, the experiments were performed at 480℃ for different solid diffusion time （8, 16, and 24h）. The diffusion interaction effectiveness between Zn, Al mix powder and the sample surface, depending on the treatment time for diffusion at given temperatures, has an obvious influence on corrosion resistance and corrosion mechanism. Corrosion properties were studied using the constant immersion test （in 3.0% NaCl solution, temperature is （28±1）℃, and time is 96h）. Optical microscopy （OM） and EDS （energy dispersive spectrum） composition analysis were used to examine the cross-sectional microstructural characteristics of alloyed layer of treated samples. It is shown that in comparison with the untreated samples, the treated ones possess a better corrosion resistance. The Al5Mg11Zn4 phase, which formed as a continuous phase due to the diffusion of Al, Zn, and Mg elements and subsequent interaction on the outermost layer of diffusion alloying zones （especially the samples treated for 24h at 480℃）, was inert to the chloride solution compared with pure magnesium and acted as a corrosion barrier, and therefore the best corrosion resistance was obtained. This protective action of Al5Mg11Zn4 phase was found to change with its amount, which was controlled by the diffusion time at given temperature. It was concluded that the continuous Al5Mg11Zn4 phase （WP-zone） of the reacted layer in pure magnesium was beneficial from the point of view of corrosion resistance.

Effect of Heat Treatment Time on Dy–Cu Alloy Diffusion Process in Dy-Containing Commercial Nd–Fe–B Sintered Magnets

In this paper, the grain boundary diffusion process（GBDP） using a Dy70Cu30（at.%） alloy as the diffusion source was performed in a commercial sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet, and the effect of heat treatment time on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the magnet was investigated in detail. For the processed magnets heat-treated at 860℃, as heat treatment time increased, the coercivity and the depth of（Nd,Dy）2Fe14B core–shell structure increased first and then decreased. However, when the heat treatment time was more than 2 h, the diffusion path of Dy from the Dy-rich shell phase into the Nd2Fe14B grains was revealed, and a nearly homogeneous（Nd,Dy）2Fe14B phase was formed, which brought on the decrease in both the depth of visible core–shell structure and the coercivity of Nd–Fe–B magnet.

Vitamin D and calcium are required at the time of denosumab administration during osteoporosis treatment

To evaluate the differences in outcomes of treatment with denosumab alone or denosumab combined with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients were split into a denosumab monotherapy group （18 cases） or a denosumab plus vitamin D supplementation group （combination group; 23 cases）. We measured serum bone alkaline phosphatase （BAP）, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRACP）-5b and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen （NTX） at baseline, 1 week, as well as at I month and 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. We also measured bone mineral density （BMD） of L1-4 lumbar vertebrae （L）-BMD and bilateral hips （H）-BMD at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in patient background. TRACP-5b and urinary NTX were significantly suppressed in both groups from I week to 12 months （except at 12 months for NTX）. In the combination group, TRACP-5b was significantly decreased compared with the denosumab monotherapy group at 2 and 4 months （P 〈 0.05）. BAP was significantly suppressed in both groups at 2-12 months. L-BMD significantly increased at 8 and 12 months （8.9%） in the combination group and at 4, 8 and 12 months （6.0%） in the denosumab monotherapy group, compared with those before treatment. H-BMD was significantly increased in the combination group （3.6%） compared with the denosumab group （1.2%） at 12 months （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with denosumab monotherapy, combination therapy of denosumab with vitamin D and calcium stopped the decrease in calcium caused by denosumab, inhibited bone metabolism to a greater extent, and increased BMD （especially at the hips）.

Numerical Simulation of Vacuum Heat Treatment Thermal Hysteresis Time of GH4169 Superalloy Workpiece

A nonlinear finite element model of vacuum heat treatment process was developed. In this model, influence of many factors, such as nonlinear heat radiation, temperature-dependent thermal physical properties of material are considered. The temperature field of GH4169 alloy workpiece during vacuum heat treatment process was calculated using finite element software MSC.Marc, and the thermal hysteresis time of the workpiece was predicted. An experiment of vacuum heat treatment of GH4169 superalloy workpiece was carried out to verify the calculation. The experimental results of temperature profile agree well with the simulated results. This work lays a theoretical foundation for optimizing technical parameter of vacuum heat treatment process.

Separation of Variable Treatment for Solving Time—Dependent Potentials

We use the separation of variable treatment to treat some time-dependent systems, and point out that the condition of separability is the same as the condition of existence of invariant, and the separation of variable treatment is interrelated with the quantum-invariant method and the propagator method. We directly use the separation of potential.

Determinants of Delay in Malaria Prompt Diagnosis and Timely Treatment among Under-Five Children in Shashogo Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Background: Ensuring prompt diagnosis and timely malaria treatment will prevent most cases of uncomplicated malaria from progressing to severe and fatal illness. To avoid this progression, treatment must begin as soon as possible, generally within 24 hours after symptoms onset. The reason why mothers/caretakers delay in malaria prompt diagnosis and timely treatment for under-five is not well studied in the study area as well as in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess determinants of delay in malaria prompt diagnosis and timely treatment among under-five children in Shashogo Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2013. Methods: An unmatched case control study was conducted from March 25-April 25, 2013. A total sample size of 302 with 151 cases and 151 controls were selected by systematic random sampling techniques. Cases were under-five children who had clinical malaria and sought treatment after 24 hours of symptoms onset, and controls were under-five children who had clinical malaria and sought treatment within 24 hours of symptoms onset. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done to identify determinant of delay in malaria prompt diagnosis and timely treatment. Results: A total of 151 mothers/caretakers of cases and 151 mothers/caretakers of controls were interviewed. Illiterate mothers (AOR = 7.14;95%CI: 1.10, 46.39), monthly income ≤500 ETB (AOR = 5.49;95%CI: 2.09, 14.45), females sex (AOR = 3.45;95%CI: 1.62, 7.34), distance from health facility >5 km (AOR = 4.31;95%CI: 1.22, 15.23), absence of history of child death (AOR = 4.21;95%CI: 1.514, 11.68), side effects of antimalarial drugs (AOR = 2.91;95%CI: 1.15, 7.33) and khat chewing (AOR = 2.38;95%CI: 1.28, 5.79) were determinants of delay in malaria prompt diagnosis and timely treatment of under-five children. Conclusion: Mother’s education, monthly income, distance from health facility, absence of history of child death, complained about side effects of drugs and khat chewing were predictors of delay of prompt diagnosis and timely malaria treatment. Effective malaria control programs revision would be required to avoid delay of prompt diagnosis and timely treatment for under-five children.

Time difference based measurement of ultrasonic cavitations in wastewater treatment

Intensity of cavitation is significant in ultrasonic wastewater treatment,but is complicated to measure.A time difference based method of ultrasonic cavitation measurement is proposed.The time differences at different powers of 495 kHz ultrasonic are measured in experiment in comparison with conductimetric method.Simulation results show that time difference and electrical conductivity are both approximately positive proportional to the ultrasonic power.The degradation of PNP solution verifies the availability in wastewater treatment by using ultrasonic.

A real-time measuring technology for studying distortion of hydraulic turbine blade castings during heat treatment process

During heat treatment process, the distortion behavior inevitably appears in hydraulic turbine blade castings. In this research, a technology was developed for real-time measurement of the distortion in hydraulic turbine blade castings at the still air cooling and forced air cooling stages during heat treatment process. The method was used to measure the distortion behavior at the cooling stages in both normalizing and tempering processes. At the normalization, the distortion at the blade corner near outlet side undergoes four stages with alternating bending along positive and negative directions. At the tempering stage, the distortion could be divided into two steps. The temperature difference between the two surfaces of blade casting was employed to analyze the distortion mechanism. The measured results could be applied to guide the production, and the machining allowance could be reduced by controlling the distortion behavior.

急性上消化道出血患者内镜检查时机的临床研究

为探讨分析急性上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,UGIB)患者消化内镜检查的最佳时机。回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年6月,就诊于北京友谊医院急诊科并接受消化内镜检查的736例急性UGIB患者。根据就诊后内镜检查时间分为急诊内镜组(12 h内)和择期内镜组(12 h后)。比较两组患者一般临床资料、内镜相关资料、介入栓塞率、外科手术率、输血量、30 d内的再出血率、死亡率和平均住院时间。本研究共纳入428名患者,其中326名患者进行了急诊内镜检查(76.2%)。与择期内镜组相比,急诊内镜组心率明显增加(Ρ=0.043)而收缩压降低(Ρ=0.061)。14例(3.3%)患者内镜治疗失败后请血管介入科行经动脉栓塞,6例(1.4%)患者转入普通外科行手术治疗,两组患者没有明显差异(Ρ=0.115,Ρ=0.561)。两组患者平均输血量和住院时间没有明显差异(Ρ=0.138,Ρ=0.799)。30 d内再出血率为10.0%(43/428),急诊内镜组为11.7%(38/326),择期内镜组为4.9%(5/102)(Ρ=0.048)。30 d总死亡率为6.8%(29/428),急诊内镜组和择期内镜组没有差异(7.7%和3.9%,Ρ=0.189)。UGIB患者择期内镜与急诊内镜相比,30 d再出血概率低,介入栓塞率、外科手术率、输血量、30 d死亡率和平均住院时间没有明显差别。UGIB患者在血液动力学稳定后,宜采用择期内镜。

89例细菌性肝脓肿的临床特征及抗感染治疗分析

目的分析探讨细菌性肝脓肿的临床特征、抗菌药物合理使用情况和疗程。方法回顾青岛市第八人民医院2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日诊断为“细菌性肝脓肿”患者的临床资料,总结临床特征,制定评价标准对抗菌药物合理性进行评价,统计不同治疗结局抗菌药物的使用疗程。结果共89例患者纳入分析,平均年龄(62.0±15.6)岁,男性占61.8%,最常见合并症为糖尿病,占53.9%。59例(66.3%)脓液或血培养阳性患者中,肺炎克雷伯菌51例(57.3%)。经验和目标抗感染治疗中,分别有45例(50.6%)和17例(28.8%)抗菌药物使用不合理。痊愈抗感染疗程(17.0±7.6)d,临床实际抗感染疗程(21.1±7.3)d。结论糖尿病为细菌性肝脓肿的高危因素,以肺炎克雷伯菌感染为主。应加强抗菌药物的管理,探索适宜抗感染疗程,减少抗菌药物的过度使用。

Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity Studies on the Chemical Treatment of the Nanocrystalline Porous TiO2 Films

Effect of Ti(iso-C3H7O)4 treatment on the photoinduced charge carrier kinetics of nanocrystalline porous TiO2 films is studied by time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements. Analysis of the transient photoconductivity decays indicates that Ti(iso-C3H7O)4 treatment leads to an increased concentration of photogenerated charge carriers and a fast interfacial transfer rate of holes via the surface modification of the freshly growing TiO2 nanocrystallites.

基于模式识别技术的光电探测器故障辨识研究

当前光电探测器故障辨识错误率高,为提升光电探测器故障辨识效果,设计了基于模式识别技术的光电探测器故障辨识方法。首先采集光电探测器状态信号,并从光电探测器状态信号中提取特征,然后利用主成分分析算法对特征进行降维处理,得到最优光电探测器状态辨识特征,最后将光电探测器状态特征作为支持向量机的输入,光电探测器状态作为支持向量机输出,通过支持向量机学习设计光电探测器状态辨识器,实验结果表明,本方法可以有效辨识光电探测器辨识故障,光电探测器故障辨识正确率超过了90%,光电探测器故障辨识时间控制在20 ms以内,为光电探测器状态分析提供了理论依据。

复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期非小细胞肺癌的多中心、大样本、前瞻性队列研究

目的:探讨复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:采用多中心、大样本、前瞻性队列研究方法,纳入一线化疗4~6周期后疗效评价疾病稳定以上进入维持治疗阶段患者,根据患者意愿分为治疗组160例,对照组109例。对照组根据鳞癌和非鳞癌分别给予吉西他滨和培美曲塞单药化疗维持治疗,治疗组给予复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗。均以21天为1个疗程,两组干预至少2个疗程,每周期进行生活质量评价,每2疗程进行影像学疗效评价。比较两组疾病无进展生存时间(progression-free survival time,PFS)、生活质量,同时进行药物安全性评价。结果:269例入组患者中,246例患者出现PFS终点事件(91.45%),其中治疗组145例,中位PFS为106天,对照组101例,中位PFS为120天,两组PFS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用美国肺癌生存质量量表(FACT-L4.0版)和欧洲五维健康量表中视觉模拟量表(EQ-5D-VAS)对两组患者生活质量评分进行比较,两种生活质量评价量表均提示治疗组较对照组在提高生活质量方面存在优势(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组共有19例患者出现ADR,治疗组7例(占治疗组人数4.38%),对照组12例(占对照组人数11.01%),ADR发生率在治疗组中更低,尤其表现在骨髓抑制不良反应的发生率方面。结论:在延长PFS方面,复方红豆杉胶囊维持治疗气虚痰瘀证晚期NSCLC的疗效非劣于现代医学单药维持化疗,且在高生活质量、低不良反应方面,复方红豆杉胶囊更具有一定优势。

急诊零停顿与急危重症患者一体化救治体系建设探讨

急危重症患者的救治体系是保障人民生命健康的关键环节,本文立足科技赋能,基于胸痛、卒中、创伤、危重孕产妇、危重儿童和新生儿急诊急救五大中心建设,提出急诊零停顿管理目标,从信息管理技术一体化、移动CT和移动卒中单元应用、院前急救即时超声应用、复合手术室应用以及新型急救技术及创新手术团队应用等方面探讨实现急诊零停顿的技术与措施,以提升急危重症患者的救治能力。

妊娠期口腔急症的临床考量

妊娠期是口腔疾病患病和治疗的特殊时期,妊娠期发生的口腔急症需得到恰当的处置。一方面,孕妇生理环境、个人习惯的改变增加了部分口腔疾病的易患性;另一方面,为了保证孕妇和胎儿安全,临床治疗策略局限。孕妇应掌握口腔健康知识、增强口腔保健意识。口腔医生应在“孕前预防,孕期治标,孕后治本”的原则下,根据不同的妊娠时期制定合适的治疗方案,以最安全、简单、有效的手段控制急症、防止疾病进展,避免对孕妇和胎儿的不良影响。防治结合,让孕妇和口腔医生共同维护妊娠期口腔健康。本文围绕妊娠期治疗原则,对妊娠期口腔急症治疗的时机选择、临床管理和不同疾病的治疗策略等进行了总结。

热处理时间对铜渣制备红外辐射涂层结构及性能的影响

铜渣作为炼铜产生的固体废弃物,常被堆放占用土地资源,并且污染环境,其资源化利用日益受到国内外广泛关注。针对此问题,以铜渣为主要原料,松油醇为成膜剂,乙基纤维素为增稠剂,高铝砖为红外辐射涂层基底材料,于1200℃热处理后制备了红外辐射涂层,研究了热处理时间(0.5、2、4和8 h)对涂层显微结构以及其分别在常温和400℃下发射率的影响。结果表明,涂层与高铝砖基底结合良好,且随着热处理时间的延长,涂层逐渐致密;涂层在1200℃热处理8 h后,其在常温下近红外波段(0.8~2.5μm)的发射率最高,为0.862;热处理4 h后,涂层在使用更为广泛的中红外波段(2.5~25μm)的发射率最高,为0.928;涂层经不同时间热处理后,在400℃下1~22μm波段的发射率不断增大且全部大于0.93。结合实际应用,最佳热处理时间为4 h。

史锁芳治疗感染后咳嗽经验

史锁芳教授认为感染后咳嗽病位在肺,涉及肝脾,病理因素多责之于风、痰、火。临床治疗可根据病程分阶段论治:初期重在宣透,处方以三拗汤加质轻性浮之品;中期以清解郁热为主,辅以疏风散邪,常用桑叶、桑白皮、薄荷等;晚期清热养阴、润肺益气,处方可选麦门冬汤、沙参麦冬汤、清燥救肺汤加减。同时,史教授还善用“风四药”(桑叶、菊花、全蝎、僵蚕)疏风解痉止咳。对于难治性感染后咳嗽,史教授遵循因人制宜、因时制宜原则,因势利导,常获佳效。附验案2则。

《民法典》第1221条(“当时的医疗水平”作为注意义务标准)评注

《民法典》第1221条规定了医疗技术损害责任,其核心概念是“当时的医疗水平”。该概念自从在《侵权责任法》第57条中首次出现以来,一直存在争议。日本、德国及英美法的经验表明,应当从一般注意义务的角度来理解“当时的医疗水平”。对于“当时的医疗水平”的判断,有必要正确认识诊疗规范的效力差异,强制性诊疗规范本身就是注意义务,而权威性及参考性诊疗规范都只是判断医疗注意义务的重要依据,而非唯一标准。考察“当时的医疗水平”时,应当遵循一般的过错理论,主要的判断步骤可以依次划分为:正确认识诊疗规范的作用、尊重少数人的观点、提高对于预防与避免风险的注意要求、考虑医疗资源配置的差异性影响、谨慎审查医师的自由裁量权。

基于“脑心同治”探讨电针不同介入时间对创伤性脑损伤后认知障碍的影响

目的:观察“脑心同治”电针法的不同介入时间对创伤性脑损伤(TBI)后认知障碍的影响。方法:将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、电针1组、电针2组和电针3组,每组均为16只。除假手术组外,其余大鼠均制备TBI模型。电针1组、电针2组和电针3组分别在造模后即刻、造模后第3天、造模后第7天开始针刺,治疗持续14 d。观察各组大鼠mNSS神经功能评分、新物体识别实验和Morris水迷宫实验的表现;随后采用HE以及FJB染色法观察各组大鼠损伤灶周围及患侧海马区组织形态变化;Western blot(WB)及免疫荧光检测各组大鼠损伤灶周围IL-1β、IL-18的蛋白表达及分布。结果:与模型组比较,所有电针组均能显著降低mNSS评分,提高大鼠对新物体探索的时间与偏好指数,缩短大鼠逃避潜伏期、提高穿越平台次数,并降低IL-1β、IL-18的表达与分布,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且FJB染色结果显示电针组大鼠大脑中发生退行性变异的神经元细胞数量明显少于模型组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且电针1组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),HE染色结果显示电针组大鼠患侧海马区组织形态较为完整。其中电针1组各项指标结果均优于电针2组和电针3组,在新物体识别实验、水迷宫实验、WB与免疫荧光检测中,假手术组与电针1组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:“脑心同治”电针法具有改善TBI大鼠认知功能的作用,且介入时间越早,伤后即刻电针抑制神经炎症、减轻神经元损伤和改善TBI后认知障碍的作用越显著。

High-dose thalidomide increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis but might induce peripheral neuropathy. This major adverse reaction has attracted much concern. The current study aimed to observe the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy among an- kylosing spondylitis patients for 1 year after treatment. In this study, 207 ankylosing spondylitis cases received thalidomide treatment, while 116 ankylosing spondylitis cases received other treat- ments. Results showed that the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy in the thalidomide group was higher than that in the non-thalidomide group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of neuropathy between the 〈 6 months medication and 〉 6 months medication groups. There were no differences in the mean age, gender, or daily dose between the two groups. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy among patients receiving 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg thalidomide per day was 4.6%, 8.5%, 17.1%, 21.7%, respectively. The incidence was significantly different between the groups receiving 25 mg and 100 mg thalidomide. In conclu- sion, thalidomide can induce peripheral neuropathy within 1 year after treatment of ankylosing spondylitis; however, age and gender have no obvious impact on the incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy is associated with increasing daily doses of thalidomide.