Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly de...Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.展开更多
Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in China.Anticoagulant therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation ...Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in China.Anticoagulant therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during CRRT.Regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)has been shown to potentially be safer and more effective,and is now recommended as the preferred anticoagulant method for CRRT.However,there is still a lack of unified standards for RCA management in the world,and there are many problems in using this method in clinical practice.The Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)organized a panel of domestic emergency medicine experts and international experts of CRRT to discuss RCA-related issues,including the advantages and disadvantages of RCA in CRRT anticoagulation,the principle of RCA,parameter settings for RCA,monitoring of RCA(mainly metabolic acid-base disorders),and special issues during RCA.Based on the latest available research evidence as well as the paneled experts'clinical experience,considering the generalizability,suitability,and potential resource utilization,while also balancing clinical advantages and disadvantages,a total of 16 guideline recommendations were formed from the experts'consensus.展开更多
目的观察^(153)Sm-柠檬酸-羟基磷灰石(citrate-HA)滑膜切除术治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)所致膝关节滑膜增生的近期疗效。方法对57例 RA 患者103个有明显滑膜增生的膝关节行关节腔内注射^(153)Sm-citrate-HA 5×37 MBq(0.5～1 ml),比较治...目的观察^(153)Sm-柠檬酸-羟基磷灰石(citrate-HA)滑膜切除术治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)所致膝关节滑膜增生的近期疗效。方法对57例 RA 患者103个有明显滑膜增生的膝关节行关节腔内注射^(153)Sm-citrate-HA 5×37 MBq(0.5～1 ml),比较治疗前后关节症状(疼痛、肿胀、积液、功能活动度、上下楼及蹲站受限)变化情况,按优效、良效、微效、无效4级标准评判疗效,并对不同 X 线分期患者的疗效进行分析。结果治疗后1周开始起效,在半年内疗效逐渐明显,患者关节症状逐渐减轻甚至消失;总有效率为98.1%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者的优效率分别为100%和91.3%。结论^(153)Sm-citrate-HA 滑膜切除术对 RA 滑膜增生性变是一项简单、安全、有效的治疗方法。展开更多
Both citrate and hypophosphite in aqueous solution were degraded by advanced oxidation processes （Fe^2＋/H2O2, UV/Fe^2＋/H2O2, and electrolysis/Fe^2＋/H2O2） in this study. Comparison of these techniques in oxidation...Both citrate and hypophosphite in aqueous solution were degraded by advanced oxidation processes （Fe^2＋/H2O2, UV/Fe^2＋/H2O2, and electrolysis/Fe^2＋/H2O2） in this study. Comparison of these techniques in oxidation efficiency was undertaken. It was found that Fenton process could not completely degrade citrate in the presence of hypophosphite since it caused a series inhibition. Therefore, UV light （photo-Fenton） or electron current （electro-Fenton） was applied to improve the degradation efficiency of the Fenton process. Results showed that both photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton processes could overcome the inhibition of hypophosphite, especially the electro-Fenton.展开更多
The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal （hydr）oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly affected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some st...The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal （hydr）oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly affected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some studies reported that there existed competitive adsorption between arsenate and citrate on goethite. Humic acid is known to interact strongly with arsenate by forming complexes in aqueous solution, hence it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of the adsorption of arsenate/citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another. The results showed that at the arsenate concentrations used in this study （0.006-0.27 mmol/L）, citrate decreased arsenate adsorption at acidic pH but no effect was observed at alkaline pH. In comparison, citrate adsorption was inhibited at acidic pH, but enhanced at alkaline pH by arsenate. This was probably due to the formation of complex between arsenate and citrate like the case of arsenate with humic acid. These results implied that the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenate and citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another involved not only competition for binding sites, but the cooperation between the two species at the watergoethite interface as well.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the possibility of reducing the volume of polyethylene glycol(PEG)-electrolyte solution using adjunctive mosapride citrate for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS:This was a single-center,prospective, ran...AIM:To evaluate the possibility of reducing the volume of polyethylene glycol(PEG)-electrolyte solution using adjunctive mosapride citrate for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS:This was a single-center,prospective, randomized,investigator-blinded,non-inferiority study involving 252 patients of both sexes,aged from 20 to 80 years,scheduled for screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our department.A total of 126 patients was randomized to receive 1.5 L PEG-electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of mosapride(1.5 L group),and 126 received 2 L PEG-electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of mosapride(2 L group).Patients completed a questionnaire on the acceptability and tolerability of the bowel preparation process.The efficacy of bowel preparation was assessed using a 5-point scale based on the Aronchick scale.The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation rates(score of excellent/good/fair) vs(poor/inadequate).Acceptability and tolerability,as well as disease detection,were secondary end points. RESULTS:A total of 244 patients was included in the analysis.There were no significant differences between the 2 L and 1.5 L groups in age,sex,body mass index, number of previous colonoscopies,and the preparation method used previously.The adequate bowel preparation rates were 88.5%in the 2 L group and 82.8%in the 1.5 L group[95%lower confidence limit(LCL)for the difference=-14.5%,non-inferiority P=0.019]in the right colon.In the left colon,the adequate bowel preparation rates were 89.3%in the 2 L group and 81.1%in the 1.5 L group(95%LCL=-17.0%,non-inferiority P=0.066).Compliance,defined as complete (100%)intake of the PEG solution,was significantly higher in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group(96.8% vs 85.7%,P=0.002).The proportion of abdominal distension(none/mild/moderate/severe)was significantly lower in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group (36/65/22/3 vs 58/48/18/2,P=0.040).Within the subgroup who had undergone colonoscopy previously, a significantly higher number of patients in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group felt that the current preparation was easier than the previous one(54.1%vs 28.0%,P=0.001).The disease detection rate was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Although the 1.5 L group had better acceptability and tolerability,15 mg of mosapride may be insufficient to compensate for a 0.5-L reduction of PEG solution.展开更多
Objective:To explore effect of calcium citrate on bone integration in a rabbit femur defect model, and to compare the bone formation with different sizes by radiological and histological study. Methods:Twenty-four mal...Objective:To explore effect of calcium citrate on bone integration in a rabbit femur defect model, and to compare the bone formation with different sizes by radiological and histological study. Methods:Twenty-four male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (Group A.B.C)in this study.Under anesthesia,defects of four sizes(1.2,1.5,2.0 and 2.5 mm) were created in each of the rabbits.Commercially pure calcium citrate powder was placed inside the medullary compartment of the femur(Experimental),while in the contralateral femur(Control) nothing was implanted.The defects were analyzed using radiography and histological analysis by using Imagepro-Plus 6.0 software after animal was sacrificed at 4th(Group A),6th(Group B) and 8th(Group C) weeks postoperatively.Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period.Results:The histological and the radiologic evaluation were performed after sacrification of all rabbits on postoperative 4th and 6th weeks,It showed significant difference between the experimental group and the control group when these defects were less than or equal to 2.0 mm.No statistical difference was observed when these defects were larger than 2.0 mm at all healing periods except at the 4th week.Conclusions:Calcium citrate affects the early periods of hone defects healing mechanism in Japanese white rabbits positively,especially when the defect is not too large,We suggest further studies on calcium citrate to determine the effects of various dosages,administration ways and the experimental time on the bone defects.展开更多
Aim： To assess heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） activity in the cavemous tissue of sildenafil citrate-treated rats. Methods： One hundred and ninety-two Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into four equal groups, were invest...Aim： To assess heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） activity in the cavemous tissue of sildenafil citrate-treated rats. Methods： One hundred and ninety-two Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into four equal groups, were investigated. Group 1, the control group, received regular animal chow; group 2 received sildenafil citrate by intragastric tube; group 3 received sildenafil and HO inhibitor （zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP）; and group 4 received sildenafil and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester （L-NAME）. Twelve rats from each group were killed after 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h of drug administration. Then HO-1 activity, cGMP levels and NOS enzymatic activity in the cavernous tissues were estimated. Results： In cavemous tissue, HO-1 activity, NOS enzymatic activity and cGMP concentration increased significantly in sildenafil-treated rats compared to other groups throughout the experiment. Rats receiving either HO or NOS inhibitors showed a significant decrease in these parameters. HO- 1 cavemous tissue activity and NOS enzymatic activity demonstrated a positive significant correlation with cGMP levels （r = 0.646, r = 0.612 respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： The actions of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate in the cavernous tissue are partly mediated through the interdependent relationship between both HO-1 and NOS activities.展开更多
A new Zn-citrate coordination complex {K[Zn（C6H5O7）（H2O）]}n（1） was synthesi- zed via hydrothermal reaction. In the crystal structure of complex 1, each citrate serves as thequadricdentate ligand coordinating to ...A new Zn-citrate coordination complex {K[Zn（C6H5O7）（H2O）]}n（1） was synthesi- zed via hydrothermal reaction. In the crystal structure of complex 1, each citrate serves as thequadricdentate ligand coordinating to three Zn（II） ions, forming a zigzag chain, and such chains are further connected into a 3D network by the K＋ linkers. Crystal data for complex 1： triclinic, space group Pī, α = 7.3487（9）, b = 7.5397（6）, c = 9.6772（8） A, α = 76.894（8）, β = 68.260（10）, γ = 65.155（10）°, V = 450.34（7） ？3 and Z = 2. Other characterizations by elemental analysis, IR, TG and fluorescence were also described.展开更多
The clomiphene citrate (CC), a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene compound, is a first line of medicine used for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women worldwide. In spite of high ovulation induction with the use...The clomiphene citrate (CC), a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene compound, is a first line of medicine used for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women worldwide. In spite of high ovulation induction with the use of CC, the pregnancy rate is much lower. Such a discrepancy could be due to the peripheral anti-estrogenic effect of CC, particularly at the level of ovary, endometrium and cervical mucus. CC induces ovulation by binding to the estrogen receptors and generates hypoestrogrnic state in hypothalamus leading to release of pituitary gonadotropins. CC may have a direct effect at the level of ovary but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Animal studies suggest that the CC induces apoptosis in granulosa cells and results hypoestrogenic state in the ovary. Reduced estradiol 17β level in the ovary affects development and maturation of oocyte leading to oocyte apoptosis. Further, CC increases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and thereby bax protein expression and DNA fragmentation in cumulus-granulosa cells as well as in oocytes. The exogenous supplementation of either estradiol 17β or melatonin reduces H2O2 level in ovary, delays meiotic cell cycle progression in oocyte and protects oocyte apoptosis. Hence, supplementation of estradiol 17β or melatonin along with CC could be beneficial to protect granulosa cell as well as oocyte apoptosis and inhibit deterioration of oocyte quality. Thus, maintenance of oocyte quality may overcome the adverse effect caused due to CC treatment during infertility management.展开更多
To evaluate patient preferences for sildenafil citrate or tadalafil （PDE-5 inhibitors available for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [ED]） and assess potential reasons for these preferences. Methods： This open...To evaluate patient preferences for sildenafil citrate or tadalafil （PDE-5 inhibitors available for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [ED]） and assess potential reasons for these preferences. Methods： This open-label study was conducted on Korean men taking sildenafil, at least 6 weeks prior to study entry, for ED. Following screening, patients continued sildenafil treatment for 4 weeks, then after a 1-week washout period, switched to tadalafil for 8 weeks. Patients then continued with their treatment of choice during an extension phase. Psychosocial factors （time concern, spontaneity, sexual self-confidence） were evaluated using Psychological and Interpersonal Relation- ship Scales （PAIRS）, while timing of dose to sexual attempt patterns were assessed from patient diaries. Results： The present study enrolled 160 Korean men （mean age 55 years） with prior median sildenafil use of 585 days. During the extension phase, 73.7% of patients elected to take tadalafil, whereas 26.3% chose sildenafil （P 〈 0.001）. After switching from sildenafil to tadalafil, mean PAIRS time concern scores decreased from 2.54 to 2.42 （P = 0.002）, with no statistically significant differences observed between the sildenafil and tadalafil assessment phases in sexual spontaneity and self-confidence scores. Sexual attempts made 〉 4 h to 〈 36 h post-dose occurred in 4.5% of patients during the sildenafil assessment phase compared with 17.5% during the tadalafil assessment phase. Conclusion： After experiencing both sildenafil and tadalafil, the majority of patients exhibited a preference for tadalafil. This preference might be influenced by psychosocial factors, such as decreased time concerns, and a broader window of opportunity available for sexual activity.展开更多
In vitro interaction of sildenafil citrate (SC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at two excitation wavelengths of BSA (280 nm and 293 nm) at two different temperatures (298 K and 308 K) by fluorescence...In vitro interaction of sildenafil citrate (SC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at two excitation wavelengths of BSA (280 nm and 293 nm) at two different temperatures (298 K and 308 K) by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The study showed that quenching of BSA fluores-cence by sildenafil citrate was the result of formation BSA-SC complex with probable involvement of both tryptophan and tyrosine residues of BSA. Fluorescence quenching constant was determined from Stern-Volmer equation, and both static quenching and dynamic quenching were showed for BSA by SC at the conditions. Van’t Hoff equation was used to measure the thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at the temperatures which indicated that the hydrogen bond and the hydrophobic forces played major roles for BSA-SC complexation. The binding number (n) was found to be ≈1 indicating that one mole BSA bound with one mole SC. The binding affinity of SC to BSA was calculated at different temperatures. The binding constant was decreased with increasing temperatures indicating that stability of BSA-SC complex decreased with increasing temperatures.展开更多
Two selective stability-indicating HPLC methods are described for determination of rabeprazole sodium （RZ）-mosapride citrate （MR） and RZ-itopride hydrochloride （IO） mixturcs in the presence of their ICH-stress f...Two selective stability-indicating HPLC methods are described for determination of rabeprazole sodium （RZ）-mosapride citrate （MR） and RZ-itopride hydrochloride （IO） mixturcs in the presence of their ICH-stress formed degradation products. Separations were achieved on X-Bridge CI 8 column using two mobile phases： the first for RZ-MR mixture consisted of acetonitrile： 0.（125 M KH,PO4 solution： TEA （30：69：1 v/v; pH 7.0）; the second for RZ-IO mixture was at ratio of 25：74：1 Iv/v： pH 9.25J. The detection wavelength was 283 nm. The two methods were validated and wdidation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. Peak purity testing using contrast angle theory, relative absorbance and log A versus the wavelengths plots were presented. The % recoveries of the intact drugs were between 99.1% and 102.2% with RSD% values less than 1.6%. Application of the proposed HPLC methods indicated that the methods could be adopted to follow the stability of their formulations.展开更多
文摘Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.
文摘Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in China.Anticoagulant therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during CRRT.Regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)has been shown to potentially be safer and more effective,and is now recommended as the preferred anticoagulant method for CRRT.However,there is still a lack of unified standards for RCA management in the world,and there are many problems in using this method in clinical practice.The Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)organized a panel of domestic emergency medicine experts and international experts of CRRT to discuss RCA-related issues,including the advantages and disadvantages of RCA in CRRT anticoagulation,the principle of RCA,parameter settings for RCA,monitoring of RCA(mainly metabolic acid-base disorders),and special issues during RCA.Based on the latest available research evidence as well as the paneled experts'clinical experience,considering the generalizability,suitability,and potential resource utilization,while also balancing clinical advantages and disadvantages,a total of 16 guideline recommendations were formed from the experts'consensus.
文摘目的观察^(153)Sm-柠檬酸-羟基磷灰石(citrate-HA)滑膜切除术治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)所致膝关节滑膜增生的近期疗效。方法对57例 RA 患者103个有明显滑膜增生的膝关节行关节腔内注射^(153)Sm-citrate-HA 5×37 MBq(0.5～1 ml),比较治疗前后关节症状(疼痛、肿胀、积液、功能活动度、上下楼及蹲站受限)变化情况,按优效、良效、微效、无效4级标准评判疗效,并对不同 X 线分期患者的疗效进行分析。结果治疗后1周开始起效,在半年内疗效逐渐明显,患者关节症状逐渐减轻甚至消失;总有效率为98.1%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者的优效率分别为100%和91.3%。结论^(153)Sm-citrate-HA 滑膜切除术对 RA 滑膜增生性变是一项简单、安全、有效的治疗方法。
基金The authors thank the "National" Science Council, Taiwan, China for financially supporting (No. NSC95- 2211-E-006-032).
文摘Both citrate and hypophosphite in aqueous solution were degraded by advanced oxidation processes （Fe^2＋/H2O2, UV/Fe^2＋/H2O2, and electrolysis/Fe^2＋/H2O2） in this study. Comparison of these techniques in oxidation efficiency was undertaken. It was found that Fenton process could not completely degrade citrate in the presence of hypophosphite since it caused a series inhibition. Therefore, UV light （photo-Fenton） or electron current （electro-Fenton） was applied to improve the degradation efficiency of the Fenton process. Results showed that both photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton processes could overcome the inhibition of hypophosphite, especially the electro-Fenton.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40673079, 40773076).
文摘The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal （hydr）oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly affected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some studies reported that there existed competitive adsorption between arsenate and citrate on goethite. Humic acid is known to interact strongly with arsenate by forming complexes in aqueous solution, hence it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of the adsorption of arsenate/citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another. The results showed that at the arsenate concentrations used in this study （0.006-0.27 mmol/L）, citrate decreased arsenate adsorption at acidic pH but no effect was observed at alkaline pH. In comparison, citrate adsorption was inhibited at acidic pH, but enhanced at alkaline pH by arsenate. This was probably due to the formation of complex between arsenate and citrate like the case of arsenate with humic acid. These results implied that the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenate and citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another involved not only competition for binding sites, but the cooperation between the two species at the watergoethite interface as well.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the possibility of reducing the volume of polyethylene glycol(PEG)-electrolyte solution using adjunctive mosapride citrate for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS:This was a single-center,prospective, randomized,investigator-blinded,non-inferiority study involving 252 patients of both sexes,aged from 20 to 80 years,scheduled for screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our department.A total of 126 patients was randomized to receive 1.5 L PEG-electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of mosapride(1.5 L group),and 126 received 2 L PEG-electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of mosapride(2 L group).Patients completed a questionnaire on the acceptability and tolerability of the bowel preparation process.The efficacy of bowel preparation was assessed using a 5-point scale based on the Aronchick scale.The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation rates(score of excellent/good/fair) vs(poor/inadequate).Acceptability and tolerability,as well as disease detection,were secondary end points. RESULTS:A total of 244 patients was included in the analysis.There were no significant differences between the 2 L and 1.5 L groups in age,sex,body mass index, number of previous colonoscopies,and the preparation method used previously.The adequate bowel preparation rates were 88.5%in the 2 L group and 82.8%in the 1.5 L group[95%lower confidence limit(LCL)for the difference=-14.5%,non-inferiority P=0.019]in the right colon.In the left colon,the adequate bowel preparation rates were 89.3%in the 2 L group and 81.1%in the 1.5 L group(95%LCL=-17.0%,non-inferiority P=0.066).Compliance,defined as complete (100%)intake of the PEG solution,was significantly higher in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group(96.8% vs 85.7%,P=0.002).The proportion of abdominal distension(none/mild/moderate/severe)was significantly lower in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group (36/65/22/3 vs 58/48/18/2,P=0.040).Within the subgroup who had undergone colonoscopy previously, a significantly higher number of patients in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group felt that the current preparation was easier than the previous one(54.1%vs 28.0%,P=0.001).The disease detection rate was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Although the 1.5 L group had better acceptability and tolerability,15 mg of mosapride may be insufficient to compensate for a 0.5-L reduction of PEG solution.
基金supported by grants-in-Aid for Scientifc research. No.30800220/C100201.from the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaKey Project of Scientce and Technology Planning of Hainan Province(ZDXM20110051)
文摘Objective:To explore effect of calcium citrate on bone integration in a rabbit femur defect model, and to compare the bone formation with different sizes by radiological and histological study. Methods:Twenty-four male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (Group A.B.C)in this study.Under anesthesia,defects of four sizes(1.2,1.5,2.0 and 2.5 mm) were created in each of the rabbits.Commercially pure calcium citrate powder was placed inside the medullary compartment of the femur(Experimental),while in the contralateral femur(Control) nothing was implanted.The defects were analyzed using radiography and histological analysis by using Imagepro-Plus 6.0 software after animal was sacrificed at 4th(Group A),6th(Group B) and 8th(Group C) weeks postoperatively.Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period.Results:The histological and the radiologic evaluation were performed after sacrification of all rabbits on postoperative 4th and 6th weeks,It showed significant difference between the experimental group and the control group when these defects were less than or equal to 2.0 mm.No statistical difference was observed when these defects were larger than 2.0 mm at all healing periods except at the 4th week.Conclusions:Calcium citrate affects the early periods of hone defects healing mechanism in Japanese white rabbits positively,especially when the defect is not too large,We suggest further studies on calcium citrate to determine the effects of various dosages,administration ways and the experimental time on the bone defects.
文摘Aim： To assess heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） activity in the cavemous tissue of sildenafil citrate-treated rats. Methods： One hundred and ninety-two Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into four equal groups, were investigated. Group 1, the control group, received regular animal chow; group 2 received sildenafil citrate by intragastric tube; group 3 received sildenafil and HO inhibitor （zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP）; and group 4 received sildenafil and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester （L-NAME）. Twelve rats from each group were killed after 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h of drug administration. Then HO-1 activity, cGMP levels and NOS enzymatic activity in the cavernous tissues were estimated. Results： In cavemous tissue, HO-1 activity, NOS enzymatic activity and cGMP concentration increased significantly in sildenafil-treated rats compared to other groups throughout the experiment. Rats receiving either HO or NOS inhibitors showed a significant decrease in these parameters. HO- 1 cavemous tissue activity and NOS enzymatic activity demonstrated a positive significant correlation with cGMP levels （r = 0.646, r = 0.612 respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： The actions of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate in the cavernous tissue are partly mediated through the interdependent relationship between both HO-1 and NOS activities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50244012) the National Science Foundtion of Shaanxi Education Department (No.02JC37)
基金Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21207018,21273033 and 21203024)Fujian Education Department(JB11003 and JA12056)+1 种基金the supports from Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts,Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0108)the Award‘MinJiang Scholar Program’in Fujian Province
文摘A new Zn-citrate coordination complex {K[Zn（C6H5O7）（H2O）]}n（1） was synthesi- zed via hydrothermal reaction. In the crystal structure of complex 1, each citrate serves as thequadricdentate ligand coordinating to three Zn（II） ions, forming a zigzag chain, and such chains are further connected into a 3D network by the K＋ linkers. Crystal data for complex 1： triclinic, space group Pī, α = 7.3487（9）, b = 7.5397（6）, c = 9.6772（8） A, α = 76.894（8）, β = 68.260（10）, γ = 65.155（10）°, V = 450.34（7） ？3 and Z = 2. Other characterizations by elemental analysis, IR, TG and fluorescence were also described.
文摘The clomiphene citrate (CC), a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene compound, is a first line of medicine used for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women worldwide. In spite of high ovulation induction with the use of CC, the pregnancy rate is much lower. Such a discrepancy could be due to the peripheral anti-estrogenic effect of CC, particularly at the level of ovary, endometrium and cervical mucus. CC induces ovulation by binding to the estrogen receptors and generates hypoestrogrnic state in hypothalamus leading to release of pituitary gonadotropins. CC may have a direct effect at the level of ovary but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Animal studies suggest that the CC induces apoptosis in granulosa cells and results hypoestrogenic state in the ovary. Reduced estradiol 17β level in the ovary affects development and maturation of oocyte leading to oocyte apoptosis. Further, CC increases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and thereby bax protein expression and DNA fragmentation in cumulus-granulosa cells as well as in oocytes. The exogenous supplementation of either estradiol 17β or melatonin reduces H2O2 level in ovary, delays meiotic cell cycle progression in oocyte and protects oocyte apoptosis. Hence, supplementation of estradiol 17β or melatonin along with CC could be beneficial to protect granulosa cell as well as oocyte apoptosis and inhibit deterioration of oocyte quality. Thus, maintenance of oocyte quality may overcome the adverse effect caused due to CC treatment during infertility management.
文摘To evaluate patient preferences for sildenafil citrate or tadalafil （PDE-5 inhibitors available for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [ED]） and assess potential reasons for these preferences. Methods： This open-label study was conducted on Korean men taking sildenafil, at least 6 weeks prior to study entry, for ED. Following screening, patients continued sildenafil treatment for 4 weeks, then after a 1-week washout period, switched to tadalafil for 8 weeks. Patients then continued with their treatment of choice during an extension phase. Psychosocial factors （time concern, spontaneity, sexual self-confidence） were evaluated using Psychological and Interpersonal Relation- ship Scales （PAIRS）, while timing of dose to sexual attempt patterns were assessed from patient diaries. Results： The present study enrolled 160 Korean men （mean age 55 years） with prior median sildenafil use of 585 days. During the extension phase, 73.7% of patients elected to take tadalafil, whereas 26.3% chose sildenafil （P 〈 0.001）. After switching from sildenafil to tadalafil, mean PAIRS time concern scores decreased from 2.54 to 2.42 （P = 0.002）, with no statistically significant differences observed between the sildenafil and tadalafil assessment phases in sexual spontaneity and self-confidence scores. Sexual attempts made 〉 4 h to 〈 36 h post-dose occurred in 4.5% of patients during the sildenafil assessment phase compared with 17.5% during the tadalafil assessment phase. Conclusion： After experiencing both sildenafil and tadalafil, the majority of patients exhibited a preference for tadalafil. This preference might be influenced by psychosocial factors, such as decreased time concerns, and a broader window of opportunity available for sexual activity.
文摘In vitro interaction of sildenafil citrate (SC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at two excitation wavelengths of BSA (280 nm and 293 nm) at two different temperatures (298 K and 308 K) by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The study showed that quenching of BSA fluores-cence by sildenafil citrate was the result of formation BSA-SC complex with probable involvement of both tryptophan and tyrosine residues of BSA. Fluorescence quenching constant was determined from Stern-Volmer equation, and both static quenching and dynamic quenching were showed for BSA by SC at the conditions. Van’t Hoff equation was used to measure the thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at the temperatures which indicated that the hydrogen bond and the hydrophobic forces played major roles for BSA-SC complexation. The binding number (n) was found to be ≈1 indicating that one mole BSA bound with one mole SC. The binding affinity of SC to BSA was calculated at different temperatures. The binding constant was decreased with increasing temperatures indicating that stability of BSA-SC complex decreased with increasing temperatures.
文摘Two selective stability-indicating HPLC methods are described for determination of rabeprazole sodium （RZ）-mosapride citrate （MR） and RZ-itopride hydrochloride （IO） mixturcs in the presence of their ICH-stress formed degradation products. Separations were achieved on X-Bridge CI 8 column using two mobile phases： the first for RZ-MR mixture consisted of acetonitrile： 0.（125 M KH,PO4 solution： TEA （30：69：1 v/v; pH 7.0）; the second for RZ-IO mixture was at ratio of 25：74：1 Iv/v： pH 9.25J. The detection wavelength was 283 nm. The two methods were validated and wdidation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. Peak purity testing using contrast angle theory, relative absorbance and log A versus the wavelengths plots were presented. The % recoveries of the intact drugs were between 99.1% and 102.2% with RSD% values less than 1.6%. Application of the proposed HPLC methods indicated that the methods could be adopted to follow the stability of their formulations.
